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Health Assessment > Quiz #1 Hair, Skin, and Nails > Flashcards

Quiz #1 Hair, Skin, and Nails Flashcards

1
Q

Senile lentigines

A

AKA Liver spots- small, flat, brown macules. Commonly in areas exposed to the sun. On forearms and hands. Benign.

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2
Q

Seborrheic keratosis

A

Raised areas of pigmentation. Dark, greasy, and stuck-on looking, occurs on both sun and non-exposed areas. Benign.

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3
Q

urticaria

A

hives- when multiple wheals coalesce. Pruritic.

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4
Q

wheal

A

Superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous with irregular shape

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5
Q

papule

A

Tangible, caused by superficial thickening in the epidermis. IE mole, lichen planus, molluscum, wart.

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6
Q

Vesicle

A

elevated cavity with free fluid. Blister filled with clear serum. Herpes, varicella, contact dermatitis.

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7
Q

Cyst

A

Encapsulated fluid-filled cavity that tensely elevates skin. Sebaceous cyst, wen.

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8
Q

Pustule

A

Turbid fluid in a cavity, circumscribed and elevated. Impetigo, acne.

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9
Q

Pupura

A

Extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses, macular hemorrhage. Seen in thrombocyonpenia and scurvy, and appears in old age. Does not blanch when pressed.

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10
Q

Cherry angioma

A

Small, smooth, slightly raised red dots that appear on trunk in adults older than 30 years.

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11
Q

Keloid

A

Benign excess of scar tissue beyond sites of original injury. Looks smooth, rubbery, shiny, and clawlike.

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12
Q

Scar

A

Connective tissue (collagen) that replaces normal tissue permanently.

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13
Q

Stage I pressure ulcer

A

Intact skin is red but unbroken with localized redness that does now blanch.

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14
Q

Stage II pressure ulcer

A

Partial-thickness skin erosion. Loss of epidermis or dermis. Superficial ulcer that looks shallow or an open blister with a red-pink wound bed.

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15
Q

Stage III pressure ulcer

A

full-thickness pressure ulcer that extends into the subcutaneous tissue and resembles a crater. May see fat.

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16
Q

Stage IV pressure ulcer

A

Full-thickness involving all skin layers and supporting tissue. Exposes muscle, tendon, or bone. May show slough (Stringy matter attached to wound bed) or eschar (black or brown necrotic tissue).

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17
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickened skin as a result of intense scratching that produces tightly packed sets of papules- looks like the surface of moss or lichen. Secondary lesion.

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18
Q

Atrophic scar

A

EG striae- depressed resulting skin level with a loss of tissue and thinning of the epidermis.

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19
Q

Fissure

A

Linear crack extending into dermis, dry or moist. At the corners of mouth or feet due to excess moisture or athlete’s foot.

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20
Q

Erosion

A

Scooped out but shallow depression. Superficial, moist with no bleeding. Heals without scar as it does not extend into dermis.

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21
Q

Ulcer

A

Deep depression that extends into the dermis. Irregular shape, may bleed, leaves a scar when it heals. EG pressure sores, chancre.

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22
Q

Excoriation

A

Self-inflicted abrasion. Superficial, sometimes crusted. EG scratches from itching, insect bites, scabies, dermatits, varicella.

23
Q

Zosteriform lesion

A

linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route (herpes zoster)

24
Q

Gyrate lesion

A

twisted, coiled, spiraled, snakelike.

25
Q

Grouped lesion

A

clusters of lesions, eg vesicles of contact dermatitis.

26
Q

Target lesion

A

concentric rings of color in a lesion (erythema multiforme)

27
Q

Polycyclic lesion

A

Annular lesions that grow together (eg psoriasis)

28
Q

Cyanosis

A

Increase in unoxygenated hemoglobin. Central= heart and lung disease, peripheral = anxiety or cold

29
Q

Hyperemia

A

Increase in blood flow- fever, blushing. Red/bright pink skin.

30
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increased red blood cells, capillary stasis.

31
Q

CO poisioning

A

bright cherry red in face and upper torso

32
Q

Venous stasis

A

decreased blood flow from area, engorged venules. Dusky rubor of extremities, precursor to necrosis in pressure sores.

33
Q

Uremia

A

Renal failure causes retained urochrome pigments- orange green or gray pallor, may have purpura.

34
Q

Addison disease

A

Cortisol deficiency increases melanin production- tan around nipples, genitalia, and pressure points.

35
Q

Cafe au lait spots

A

Increase in melanin in basal cell layer, tan to light brown with well-defined borders.

36
Q

Annular lesion

A

begins in the center and spreads to periphery. Circular. Ringworm, tinea versicolor, pityriasis rosea.

37
Q

Port wine stain (Nevus flammeus)

A

Large, flat, macular patch covering the scalp or face, frequently along cranial nerve V. Color intensifies with emotion. Mature capillaries. Present at birth and does not fade.

38
Q

Strawberry Mark (Immature hemangioma)

A

Raised bright red area with well-defined borders, 2-3cm in diameter. Does not blanche with pressure. Immature capillaries. Usually disappears by age 5-7. Requires no treatment.

39
Q

Cavernous hemagioma (mature)

A

Reddish-blue, irregularly shaped, solid and spongy mass of blood vessels. May be present at birth, often enlarges during the first 10-15 months. Does not involute spontaneously.

40
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Caused by vascular dilation. Permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels visible on the skin surface.

41
Q

Spider or Star Angioma

A

Red, star-shaped marking with a circular center. Blanching of legs with pressure, central pulsating body. Develops on face, neck or chest.

42
Q

Venous Lake

A

Blue-purple dilation of venules and capillaries in a star-shaped, linear, or flaring pattern. Pressure causes them to empty or disappear. On the legs near varicose veins, and on the face, lips, ears, and chest.

43
Q

Petechiae

A

Tiny punctate hemorrhages 1-3mm in diameter. Caused by bleeding from superficial capillaries, do not blanch. May indicate abnormal clotting factors.

44
Q

Ecchymosis

A

purplish patch resulting from extravastion of blood into the skin, >3mm in diameter.

45
Q

Impetigo

A

Moist, thin-roofed vesicles with thin, erythematous bse. Rupture to form thick, honey-colored crusts. Highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin common in infants and children.

46
Q

Atopic Dermatitis

A

Eczema- erythematous papules and vesicles with weeping, oozing, and crusts. Paroxysmal (sudden) and severely pruritic. Occurs with a family history of allergies.

47
Q

Tinea corporis

A

ringworm- hyperpigmented in whites, depigmented in dark skinned. Multiple circular lesions with clear centers.

48
Q

Tinea pedis

A

Ringworm of the foot- athlete’s foot, a fungal infection. First small vesicles, grows scaly and hard.

49
Q

Psoriasis

A

Scaly, erythmatous patch with silvery scales on top.

50
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Scalp ringworm- rounded, patchy hair loss of the scalp caused by a fungal infection.

51
Q

Alopecia Areata

A

Sudden appearance of a sharply circumscribed round or oval balding patch.

52
Q

striae gravidarum

A

Stretch marks- connective tissue develops increased fragility in pregnancy

53
Q

Chloasma

A

Irregular brown patch on the face, may occur with pregnancy or oral contraceptives.

54
Q

6 Changes to ask about in a Mole

A

color, itching, sudden tenderness, bleeding, size, shape

Health Assessment (20 decks)

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