Quiz #1 Hair, Skin, and Nails Flashcards
Senile lentigines
AKA Liver spots- small, flat, brown macules. Commonly in areas exposed to the sun. On forearms and hands. Benign.
Seborrheic keratosis
Raised areas of pigmentation. Dark, greasy, and stuck-on looking, occurs on both sun and non-exposed areas. Benign.
urticaria
hives- when multiple wheals coalesce. Pruritic.
wheal
Superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous with irregular shape
papule
Tangible, caused by superficial thickening in the epidermis. IE mole, lichen planus, molluscum, wart.
Vesicle
elevated cavity with free fluid. Blister filled with clear serum. Herpes, varicella, contact dermatitis.
Cyst
Encapsulated fluid-filled cavity that tensely elevates skin. Sebaceous cyst, wen.
Pustule
Turbid fluid in a cavity, circumscribed and elevated. Impetigo, acne.
Pupura
Extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses, macular hemorrhage. Seen in thrombocyonpenia and scurvy, and appears in old age. Does not blanch when pressed.
Cherry angioma
Small, smooth, slightly raised red dots that appear on trunk in adults older than 30 years.
Keloid
Benign excess of scar tissue beyond sites of original injury. Looks smooth, rubbery, shiny, and clawlike.
Scar
Connective tissue (collagen) that replaces normal tissue permanently.
Stage I pressure ulcer
Intact skin is red but unbroken with localized redness that does now blanch.
Stage II pressure ulcer
Partial-thickness skin erosion. Loss of epidermis or dermis. Superficial ulcer that looks shallow or an open blister with a red-pink wound bed.
Stage III pressure ulcer
full-thickness pressure ulcer that extends into the subcutaneous tissue and resembles a crater. May see fat.
Stage IV pressure ulcer
Full-thickness involving all skin layers and supporting tissue. Exposes muscle, tendon, or bone. May show slough (Stringy matter attached to wound bed) or eschar (black or brown necrotic tissue).
Lichenification
Thickened skin as a result of intense scratching that produces tightly packed sets of papules- looks like the surface of moss or lichen. Secondary lesion.
Atrophic scar
EG striae- depressed resulting skin level with a loss of tissue and thinning of the epidermis.
Fissure
Linear crack extending into dermis, dry or moist. At the corners of mouth or feet due to excess moisture or athlete’s foot.
Erosion
Scooped out but shallow depression. Superficial, moist with no bleeding. Heals without scar as it does not extend into dermis.
Ulcer
Deep depression that extends into the dermis. Irregular shape, may bleed, leaves a scar when it heals. EG pressure sores, chancre.
Excoriation
Self-inflicted abrasion. Superficial, sometimes crusted. EG scratches from itching, insect bites, scabies, dermatits, varicella.
Zosteriform lesion
linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route (herpes zoster)
Gyrate lesion
twisted, coiled, spiraled, snakelike.
Grouped lesion
clusters of lesions, eg vesicles of contact dermatitis.
Target lesion
concentric rings of color in a lesion (erythema multiforme)
Polycyclic lesion
Annular lesions that grow together (eg psoriasis)
Cyanosis
Increase in unoxygenated hemoglobin. Central= heart and lung disease, peripheral = anxiety or cold
Hyperemia
Increase in blood flow- fever, blushing. Red/bright pink skin.
Polycythemia
Increased red blood cells, capillary stasis.
CO poisioning
bright cherry red in face and upper torso
Venous stasis
decreased blood flow from area, engorged venules. Dusky rubor of extremities, precursor to necrosis in pressure sores.
Uremia
Renal failure causes retained urochrome pigments- orange green or gray pallor, may have purpura.
Addison disease
Cortisol deficiency increases melanin production- tan around nipples, genitalia, and pressure points.
Cafe au lait spots
Increase in melanin in basal cell layer, tan to light brown with well-defined borders.
Annular lesion
begins in the center and spreads to periphery. Circular. Ringworm, tinea versicolor, pityriasis rosea.
Port wine stain (Nevus flammeus)
Large, flat, macular patch covering the scalp or face, frequently along cranial nerve V. Color intensifies with emotion. Mature capillaries. Present at birth and does not fade.
Strawberry Mark (Immature hemangioma)
Raised bright red area with well-defined borders, 2-3cm in diameter. Does not blanche with pressure. Immature capillaries. Usually disappears by age 5-7. Requires no treatment.
Cavernous hemagioma (mature)
Reddish-blue, irregularly shaped, solid and spongy mass of blood vessels. May be present at birth, often enlarges during the first 10-15 months. Does not involute spontaneously.
Telangiectasia
Caused by vascular dilation. Permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels visible on the skin surface.
Spider or Star Angioma
Red, star-shaped marking with a circular center. Blanching of legs with pressure, central pulsating body. Develops on face, neck or chest.
Venous Lake
Blue-purple dilation of venules and capillaries in a star-shaped, linear, or flaring pattern. Pressure causes them to empty or disappear. On the legs near varicose veins, and on the face, lips, ears, and chest.
Petechiae
Tiny punctate hemorrhages 1-3mm in diameter. Caused by bleeding from superficial capillaries, do not blanch. May indicate abnormal clotting factors.
Ecchymosis
purplish patch resulting from extravastion of blood into the skin, >3mm in diameter.
Impetigo
Moist, thin-roofed vesicles with thin, erythematous bse. Rupture to form thick, honey-colored crusts. Highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin common in infants and children.
Atopic Dermatitis
Eczema- erythematous papules and vesicles with weeping, oozing, and crusts. Paroxysmal (sudden) and severely pruritic. Occurs with a family history of allergies.
Tinea corporis
ringworm- hyperpigmented in whites, depigmented in dark skinned. Multiple circular lesions with clear centers.
Tinea pedis
Ringworm of the foot- athlete’s foot, a fungal infection. First small vesicles, grows scaly and hard.
Psoriasis
Scaly, erythmatous patch with silvery scales on top.
Tinea capitis
Scalp ringworm- rounded, patchy hair loss of the scalp caused by a fungal infection.
Alopecia Areata
Sudden appearance of a sharply circumscribed round or oval balding patch.
striae gravidarum
Stretch marks- connective tissue develops increased fragility in pregnancy
Chloasma
Irregular brown patch on the face, may occur with pregnancy or oral contraceptives.
6 Changes to ask about in a Mole
color, itching, sudden tenderness, bleeding, size, shape
