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Gross Anatomy > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Mammary Gland

A
  1. Provides nourishment to infant

2. Protection against disease in infants

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2
Q

Axillary tail

A

Portion of mammary gland that projects into axillary region

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3
Q

Lactiferous Sinus

A

Small drop of milk accumulates in nursing females

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4
Q

Lactiferous ducts

A

Passageway for milk to nipple

Single lactiferous duct for each lobe

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5
Q

Nipple is composed of

A

Smooth muscle

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6
Q

Nipple is a ___ ___ organ

A

Tactile sense

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7
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Secrete oily substance that provides protective lubricant for areola and nipple

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8
Q

Suspensory Ligament

A

CT that separates each lobe

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9
Q

Lobes are subdivided into _____ which consist of ____

A

Lobules

Alveoli

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10
Q

Alveoli

A

Secretory portion of glands

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11
Q

Estrogen secreted by

A

Ovaries

Placenta

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12
Q

Estrogen promotes

A

Growth of duct system of the glands

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13
Q

Progesterone secreted by

A

Ovaries and placenta

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14
Q

Progesterone promotes

A

Growth of secretory cells

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15
Q

Prolactin secreted by

A

Anterior pituitary

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16
Q

Prolactin promotes

A

Production of milk AFTER birth

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17
Q

Oxytocin secreted by

A

Posterior pituitary

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18
Q

Oxytocin promotes

A

Release of milk

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19
Q

Together, progesterone and estrogen ______ milk production during pregnancy

A

Suppress

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20
Q

Colostrum is

A

Fist secretion from functional mammary gland

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21
Q

Colostrum is rich in

A 
Immunoglobulins and lactoferrin
Growth factors (affect GI tract)
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22
Q

Lactoferrin binds

A

Iron

Causes bacteria to die

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23
Q

Mature milk composition

A

88% Water
7 % lactose
4% fat
1% protein

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24
Q

Inverted Nipple

A

Retracted nipple

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25
Q

Supernumerary Nipple

A

Extra nipple

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26
Q

Breast cancer tumors are usually of the ________ variety

A

Adenocarcinoma

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27
Q

Chronic cystic mastitis

A

Benign tumor (more common)

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28
Q

Galactorrhea

A

Nipple discharge not associated with pregnancy or lactation

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29
Q

Humerus is the ____ and ____ bone in the upper extremity

A

Largest and longest

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30
Q

Ossification of the humerus develops from

A

8 ossification centers (1 primary and 7 secondary)

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31
Q

Primary ossification center for humerus is

A

Shaft

Develops early in fetal development

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32
Q

Secondary Ossification center occurs in

A 
Head
Greater tuberosity
Lesser tuberosity
Medial epicondyle 
Lateral epicondyle
Capitulum
Trochlea
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33
Q

Fractures of humerus occur in

A 
Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Shaft 
Distal end
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34
Q

Fractures at the ___ ____ may damage the ____ ___ and numeral circumflex blood vessels

A

Surgical neck

Axillary Nerve

35
Q

Fractures at the shaft of the humerus may damage the

A

Radial nerve

36
Q

Fractures at the distal end of the humerus may damage the….

A

Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Brachial blood vessels

37
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Largest and most superficial muscle of pectoral region

38
Q

Origin of Pectoralis Major

A

Clavicle
Sternum and upper ribs
External oblique muscle

39
Q

Pectoralis Major

Insertion

A

Lateral aspect of intertubercular groove

40
Q

Pectoralis Major

Actions

A 
Entire Muscle:
Adduction and medial rotation of humerus
Forced inspiration when humerus fixed
Clavicular Portion:
Flexes humerus at shoulder joint
Sternocostal Portion: Extend humerus at shoulder joint
41
Q

Pectoralis Major

Nerve

A 
Medial Pectoral (C8-T1)
Lateral Pectoral (C5-C7)
42
Q

Pectoralis Minor

Origin

43
Q

Pectoralis Minor

Insertion

A

Coracoid process/ scapula

44
Q

Pectoralis Minor

Action

A
  1. Involved with protraction/abduction of scapula

2. Forced Inspiration

45
Q

Pectoralis Minor

Nerve

A

Medial Pectoral (C8-T1)

46
Q

Poland Syndrome

A

Unilateral condition when both pectoralis major and minor muscles are missing
Absence of several ribs
Syndactylism

47
Q

Subclavius

Origin

48
Q

Subclavius

Insertion

A

Subclavian groove/ clavicle

49
Q

Subclavius

Actions

A
  1. Pulls clavicle medially (stabilizes SC joint)

2. Protective cushion between fractured clavicle and blood vessels

50
Q

Subclavius

Nerve

A

Nerve to the subclavius (C5, C6)

51
Q

Axilla

Apex bound by

A

Clavicle, scapula, fist rib

52
Q

Axilla

Base made of

A

Skin and fascia

53
Q

Axilla

Anterior wall formed by

A

Pectoralis Major

54
Q

Axilla

Posterior wall formed by

A

Latissimus Dorsi

Teres major

55
Q

Axilla

Medial wall formed by

A

Serratus Anterior

Upper ribs

56
Q

Axilla

Lateral wall formed by

A

Proximal medial aspect of arm (bicipital furrow)

57
Q

Contents of Axilla

A

Brachial plexus
Axillary artery and vein
Lymph nodes
Adipose tissue

58
Q

Axillary sheath

A

Deep Fascia that encloses brachial plexus and blood vessels

59
Q

Brachial plexus

A

In axilla

Nerves that are about to enter the upper extremity come together to from a nerve plexus

60
Q

Spinal Nerve Roots

A 
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
61
Q

Upper trunk

62
Q

Middle trunk

63
Q

Lower trunk

64
Q

Divisions

A

Anterior

Posterior

65
Q

Lateral cord forms from

A

Anterior Division

Upper and middle trunks

66
Q

Lateral cord contains fibers from

67
Q

Medial cord from

A

Anterior division of lower trunk

68
Q

Medial cord contains fibers from

69
Q

Posterior Cord formed from

A

Posterior division of all 3 cords

70
Q

Posterior cord contains fibers from

A 
C5
C6
C7
C8 
T1
71
Q

Cords of brachial plexus names in relationships to ___ ___

A

Axillary artery

72
Q

Supraclavicular portion of brachial plexus

A

Nerves coming off spinal nerve roots and upper trunk above clavicle

73
Q

Infraclavicular Portion of brachial plexus

A

Nerves coming off the cords (below clavicle)

74
Q

Segmental innervation of dorsal scapular nerve

75
Q

Motor supply of dorsal scapular nerve

A

Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Levator scapula

76
Q

Articular supply of dorsal scapular nerve

A

Acromioclavicular joint

77
Q

Feature of dorsal scapular nerve

A

Deep to rhomboid and levator scapula

78
Q

Long thoracic nerve

Segmental innervation

79
Q

Long thoracic nerve

Motor supply

A

Serratus anterior

80
Q

Suprascapular Nerve

Segmental innervation

81
Q

Suprascapular Nerve

Motor supply

A

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

82
Q

Suprascapular Nerve

Articular supply

A

Shoulder joint

AC joint

83
Q

Nerve that passes from supraspinatus fossa to infraspinatus fossa via opening in spine of scapula is ____

A

Suprascapular Nerve

Gross Anatomy (18 decks)

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