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Gross Anatomy > Exam 4 Remaining Material > Flashcards

Exam 4 Remaining Material Flashcards

1
Q

Crural fascia

A

Deep and superficial fascia of leg

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2
Q

Crural fascia thickens to form ___ which functions to __

A

Retinacula

Keep tendons that cross ankle joint in place

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3
Q

Superior and inferior extensor retinacula

A

Bind tendons of anterior leg muscles and prevents tendons from bowstringing when foot is dorsal flexed

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4
Q

Fibular retinacula

A

Bind down tendons of lateral leg muscles

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5
Q

Flexor retinaculum

A

Bind down tendons of deep posterior leg muscles

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6
Q

Interosseous membrane connects interosseous borders of __ and ___

A

Tibia and fibula

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7
Q

Functions of interosseous membrane

A
  1. Serves at attachment for muscles

2. Stabilizes tibia and fibula

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8
Q

Movements of foot at ankle joint

A

Plantar flexion

Dorsal flexion

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9
Q

Movements of foot at subtalar joint

A

Eversion (pronation)

Inversion (supination)

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10
Q

Arches of foot

A

Medial longitudinal
Lateral longitudinal
Transverse

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11
Q

Deep fibular nerve supplies what anterior leg muscles?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius
Extensor Hallucis longus

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12
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Result from increased pressure within myofascial compartment, resulting in ischemia and pain

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13
Q

Acute compartment syndrome

A

Commonly occurs due to trauma

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14
Q

Chronic compartment syndrome

A

Exercise related

AKA: external compartment syndrome (ECS)

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15
Q

Compartments of leg most frequently affected in chronic compartment syndrome

A

Anterior and deep posterior

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16
Q

Shin splints

A

Pain along tibia, involving tibialis anterior

AKA: medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)

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17
Q

Segmental innervation of common fibular nerve

A

L4, L5, S1, S2

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18
Q

Common fibular nerve divides into

A

Superficial fibular nerve

Deep fibular nerve

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19
Q

Branches of common fibular nerve

A
  1. Sural communicating
  2. Lateral sural cutaneous
  3. Articular
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20
Q

Sural communicating nerve joins ___ to supply ___

A

Sural branch of tibial nerve

Supply skin on posterior aspect of leg

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21
Q

Lateral sural cutaneous branch supplies

A

Skin on proximal lateral posterior aspect of leg

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22
Q

Articular branch supplies

A

Knee joint

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23
Q

Injury to common fibular nerve may result in

A 
Loss of dorsal flexion (foot drop)
Loss of eversion of foot
Loss of extension of toes 
Diminished foot inversion 
Loss of sensation over dorsum of foot and lateral aspect of leg
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24
Q

Deep fibular nerve segmental innervation

A

L4, L5, S1

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25
Q

Branches of deep fibular nerve

A
  1. Muscular
    (To muscles of anterior compartment of leg and dorsum of foot)
  2. Articular
    (Inferior tibiofibular and ankle joints)
  3. Cutaneous
    (Webspace between first and second digits)
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26
Q

Ski boot syndrome

A

Compression neuropathy of deep fibular nerve as it leaves anterior compartment and becomes superficial at anterior aspect of ankle

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27
Q

Anterior tibial artery supplies

A

Structures of anterior compartment of leg

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28
Q

Smaller terminal branch of popliteal artery

A

Anterior tibial artery

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29
Q

Anterior tibial artery continues on dorsum of foot to become

A

Dorsal pedis artery

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30
Q

Segmental innervation of superficial fibular nerve

A

L4, L5, S1

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31
Q

Branches of superficial fibular nerve

A
  1. Motor- supplies fibularis longus and Brevis

2. Cutaneous- skin of distal part of anterior leg and dorsum of foot

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32
Q

Superficial fibular nerve may be damaged via

A

Ankle sprains

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33
Q

There are ___ vessels found directly in lateral leg compartment

A

0

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34
Q

Muscles of lateral leg compartment receive vascular supply from branches of

A

Anterior tibial artery

Fibular branch of posterior tibial artery

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35
Q

Gastrocnemius + soleus

A

Triceps surae

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36
Q

Thickest and strongest tendon in body

A

Achilles Tendon

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37
Q

All posterior leg muscles are supplied by

A

Tibial nerve

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38
Q

Achilles Tendonitis

A

Microscopic tears in collagen fibers of tendons, just proximal to attachment on calcaneus

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39
Q

Achilles Tendonitis is more common in

A

People with flat feet

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40
Q

Why are flat feet more prone to Achilles Tendonitis

A

Foot is more hyper-everted

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41
Q

Rupture of Achilles’ tendon will cause an individual to have difficulty

A

Carrying out plantar flexion

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42
Q

Calcaneal tendon reflex tests segmental innervation of

A

S1

S2

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43
Q

Contracture of calf muscles may occur after wearing high heeled shoes due to

A

Origin and insertion of muscles coming closer together

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44
Q

Plantaris is missing in about

A

5% of population

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45
Q

Poplietus helps form

A

Floor of Popliteal fossa

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46
Q

Most medial of deep posterior leg muscles

A

Flexor digitorum longus

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47
Q

Most lateral of deep posterior leg muscles

A

Flexor hallucis longus

48
Q

Muscle found between flexor digitorum and hallucis longus

A

Tibialis posterior

49
Q

Tibial nerve segmental innervation

50
Q

Motor supply of tibial nerve

A

Posterior leg muscles

51
Q

Sural nerve supplies

A

Skin on most of posterior leg and lateral plantar aspect of foot

52
Q

Medial calcaneal cutaneous supply

A

Skin over calcaneal tuberosity

53
Q

Tibial nerve articular supply

A

Knee and ankle joints

54
Q

3 things that may occur with damage to tibial nerve

A
  1. Unable to flex toes
  2. Weakened plantar flexion
  3. Weakened inversion of foot
55
Q

Damage to tibial nerve caused by

A

Deep laceration in posterior leg or posterior dislocation of knee

56
Q

Posterior tibial artery supplies

A

Posterior leg and plantar surface of foot

57
Q

Posterior tibial artery enters plantar surface and splits into

A

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

58
Q

Largest and most important branch of posterior tibial artery

A

Fibular artery

59
Q

Fibular artery supplies

A

Muscles of deep posterior and lateral leg compartment

60
Q

Peripheral arterial disease

A

Narrowing or occlusion of posterior tibial artery

61
Q

Sign of peripheral arterial disease

A

Absence or diminished pulse

62
Q

Superior tibiofibular joint articulations

A

Head of fibula with fibular articular facet

63
Q

Superior tibiofibular joint classification

A

Plane gliding joint

64
Q

Superior tibiofibular joint nerve supply

A

Common fibular nerve

65
Q

Ligaments of Superior Tibiofibular joint

A

Anterior and posterior tibiofibular

Interosseous membrane

66
Q

Inferior tibiofibular joint AKA

A

Tibiofibular syndesmosis

67
Q

Articulation of inferior tibiofibular joint

A

Fibular notch of tibia and lateral malleolar facet of fibula

68
Q

Nerve supply to inferior tibiofibular joint

A

Deep fibular and tibial

69
Q

Ligaments of inferior tibiofibular joint

A

Anterior and posterior tibiofibular

Interosseous membrane

70
Q

Bones of articulation of ankle joint

A

Distal end of tibia, lateral malleolar fossa of fibula, body of talus

71
Q

Mortise

A

Name used to describe articulating surfaces of tibia, fibula and talus

72
Q

Ankle joint classification

73
Q

Nerve supply to ankle joint

A

Deep fibular and tibial nerve

74
Q

Capsular ligament of ankle joint

A

Thin and weak anteriorly and posteriorly

75
Q

4 parts of deltoid ligament

A
  1. Anterior tibiotalar
  2. Tibionavicular
  3. Tibiocalcaneal
  4. Posterior tibiotalar
76
Q

Lateral ligaments of ankle joint

A
  1. Anterior talofibular
  2. Calcaneofibular
  3. Posterior talofibular
77
Q

Movements of ankle joint

A

Planter flexion

Dorsal flexion

78
Q

Ankle joint is strongest when

A

Dorsal flexed

Ligaments in max tension because talus is forced between medial and lateral malleolus

79
Q

Most commonly injured ligaments in ankle sprain

A
  1. Anterior talofibular

2. Calcaneofibular

80
Q

High ankle sprain

A

Sprain at inferior tibiofibular joint

81
Q

Pott’s fracture occurs when

A

Foot is forcibly everted

82
Q

Pott’s fracture can result in:

A
  1. Tearing of deltoid ligament, can lead to avulsion fracture of medial malleolus
  2. Fracture of shaft of fibula
  3. Fracture of lateral malleolus
83
Q

Functions of foot

A
  1. Supports body weight
  2. Provides leverage of locomotion
  3. Serve as spring to absorb shock
84
Q

Structures held in place by superior and inferior extensor retinacula

A

Tendons of anterior leg muscles

Anterior tibial vessels

Deep fibular nerve

85
Q

Structures held in place by fibular retinacula

A

Tendons of lateral leg muscles

Motor branches of superficial fibular nerve

86
Q

Structures held in place by flexor retinaculum

A

Tendons of deep posterior leg muscles

Posterior tibial blood vessels

Tibial nerve

87
Q

Skin on plantar surface of foot thicker in these areas:

A
  1. Calcaneal tuberosity
  2. Lateral margin
  3. Metatarsal heads
88
Q

Plantar aponeurosis

A

Thickened portion of deep fascia found under plantar surface skin

89
Q

Function of plantar aponeurosis

A
  1. Hold parts of foot together
  2. Help protect plantar surface of foot from injury
  3. Help support longitudinal arches
90
Q

Function of plantar muscles

A
  1. Help maintain arches

2. Assist in function of leg muscles

91
Q

Dorsal muscles of foot

A
  1. Extensor digitorum brevis

2. Extensor hallucis brevis

92
Q

Medial plantar supplies what muscles

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Flexor hallucis brevis
1st lumbrical

93
Q

Lateral plantar nerve supplies

A 
Quadratus plantae 
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Adductor hallucis
2, 3, 4 lubricales
Interossei muscles
94
Q

Deep fibular nerve supplies what muscles of the foot

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

Extensor hallucis brevis

95
Q

Saphenous nerve cutaneous supply

A

Medial aspect of head of 1st metatarsal

96
Q

Deep and superficial fibular nerve cutaneous supplies

A

Dorsum of the foot

97
Q

Medial plantar nerve cutaneous supply

A

Medial 3/4 of plantar surface of foot

98
Q

Lateral plantar nerve cutaneous supply

A

Lateral 1/4 plantar surface of foot

99
Q

Sural nerve cutaneous supply

A

Lateral aspect of foot

100
Q

Calcaneal branch of tibia

A

Posterior aspect of heel (calcaneal tuberosity)

101
Q

These vessels help form the plantar arterial arch

A

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

102
Q

Dorsum of foot supplied by what artery

A

Dorsal pedis artery

103
Q

Most important intertarsal joints of the foot

A
  1. Subtalar
  2. Calcaneocuboid
  3. Talonavicular
104
Q

Flexion and extension of digits occurs at what joints

A

Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal

105
Q

Major ligaments of intertarsal joints

A
  1. Plantar calcaneonavicular
  2. Long plantar
  3. Plantar calcaneocuboid
106
Q

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligaments runs from

A

Sustenaculum tali to tuberosity of navicular

107
Q

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament function

A

Major support of medial longitudinal arch, especially when downward forces of body weight are applied to talus

108
Q

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament can be injured by

A

Acute twisting injury to foot

109
Q

Long plantar ligament runs from

A

Plantar surface of calcaneus to cuboid and base of 3, 4, 5 metatarsals

110
Q

Long plantar ligament function

A

Maintains medial longitudinal arch

111
Q

Plantar calcaneocuboid runs from

A

Calcaneus to cuboid

112
Q

Plantar calcaneocuboid function

A

Helps maintain medial longitudinal arch

113
Q

Bones involved in medial longitudinal arch

A

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, medial cuneiform, 1st and 2nd metatarsals

114
Q

Bones of lateral longitudinal arch

A

Calcaneus, cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsals

115
Q

Bones of transverse arch

A

Base of metatarsals, cuboid and cuneiforms

116
Q

Passive factors in maintaining arches of foot

A
  1. Shape of articulated bones
  2. Plantar aponeurosis
  3. Long plantar ligament
  4. Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
  5. Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
117
Q

Dynamic supports in maintaining arches of foot

A
  1. Active contraction of intrinsic foot muscles
  2. Flexor hallucis and digitorum longus (long. Arches)
  3. Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior (transverse arch)

Gross Anatomy (18 decks)

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