Muscles Flashcards
Pectoralis Major
Origin
- Clavicle
- Sternum & upper ribs
- Tendon of the External Oblique Muscle
Pectoralis Major
Insertion
Greater tubercle
Inter-tubercular groove/ humerus
Pectoralis Major
Action
Entire muscle: adduction & medial rotation of humerus, forced inspiration by elevating rib cage when humerus is fixed
Clavicular portion: flexes humerus @ shoulder joint
Sternocostal Portion: extends humerus @ should joint
Pectoralis Major
Nerve Supply
Medial Pectoral Nerve
Lateral Pectoral Nerve
Pectoralis Minor
Origin
Ribs 3-5
Pectoralis Minor
Insertion
Coracoid process/ scapula
Pectoralis Minor
Action
Involved w/ protraction/abduction of scapula
Elevates rib cage- involved w/ forced inspiration
Pectoralis Minor
Nerve Supply
Medial Pectoral Nerve
Subclavius
Origin
First Rib
Subclavius
Insertion
Subclavian groove/ clavicle
Subclavius
Action
Moves clavicle medically
Acts as protective cushion between clavicle and subclavian vessels
Subclavius
Nerve Supply
Nerve to subclavius
Trapezius
Origin
- Superior nuchel line/occiput
- External occipital protuberance
- Ligamentum Nuchae
- Spines of C7-T12
Trapezius
Insertion
- Clavicle
2. Acromion process of spine/ scapula
Trapezius
Action
- Stabilizes scapula
- Upper portion elevates scapula
- Middle @ lower portions adducts scapula; depresses scapula
Trapezius
Nerve Supply
Motor: spinal accessory nerve (XI Cranial)
Sensory: C3, C4
Rhomboid Major
Origin
Spines/ Upper Thoracics
Rhomboid Major
Insertion
Vertebral border/ scapula
Rhomboid Major
Action
- Elevate & adducts scapula
2. Helps stabilize scapula
Rhomboid Major
Nerve Supply
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Rhomboid Minor
Origin
Spines/ C7 & T1
Rhomboid Minor
Insertion
Vertebral border/ scapula
Rhomboid Minor
Action
- Elevate & adducts scapula
2. Helps stabilize scapula
Rhomboid Minor
Nerve Supply
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Levator Scapula
Origin
Transverse processes/ upper cervical vertebrae
Levator Scapula
Insertion
Upper medial border and superior angle/ scapula
Levator Scapula
Action
- Elevate scapula
- Adducts scapula
- Stabilize scapula
Levator Scapula
Nerve Supply
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin
- Spines/ lower thoracic and lumber vertebrae
- Thoracodorsal fascia
- Crest of ilium
- Lower ribs
Latissimus Dorsi
Insertion
Intertubercular groove (lesser tubercle)
Latissimus Dorsi
Action
- Extends, adducts, medially rotate humerus
2. Involved in forced expiration
Latissimus Dorsi
Nerve Supply
Thoracodorsal Nerve
Serratus Anterior
Origin
Upper 8 or 9 ribs
Serratus Anterior
Insertion
Vertebral border/ scapula
Serratus Anterior
Action
- Abduction/ protraction of scapula
- Stabilizes scapula
- Involved w/ forced inspiration (only when humerus abducted)
Serratus Anterior
Nerve Supply
Long thoracic
Deltoid
Origin
- Anterior/clavicular portion from clavicle
- Middle/acromial portion from acromion process of scapula
- Posterior/ spinous portion
Deltoid
Insertion
Deltoid tuberosity/ humerus
Deltoid
Action
- Anterior portion: flexes, medially rotates arm
- Middle portion: abducts arm
- Posterior portion: extends, laterally rotates arm
Deltoid
Innervation
Axillary Nerve
Supraspinatus
Origin
Supraspinous fossa/ scapula
Supraspinatus
Insertion
Greater tuberosity/ humerus
Supraspinatus
Action
- Initiates abduction of arm
- Helps laterally rotate humerus
- Helps stabilize shoulder joint
Supraspinatus
Nerve Supply
Suprascapular Nerve
Infraspinatus
Origin
Infraspinous fossa/ scapula
Infraspinatus
Insertion
Greater tuberosity/ humerus
Infraspinatus
Action
- Laterally rotates humerus
2. Stabilizes shoulder joint
Infraspinatus
Nerve Supply
Suprascapular Nerve
Subscapularis
Origin
Subscapular fossa/ scapula
Subscapularis
Insertion
Lesser tuberosity/ humerus
Subscapularis
Action
- Medially rotate humerus
2. Stabilize shoulder joint
Subscapularis
Nerve Supply
Upper and lower subscapular nerve
Teres Major
Origin
Inferior angle/ scapula
Teres Major
Insertion
Intertubercular groove (lesser tuberosity)
Teres Major
Action
- Adducts humerus
- Stabilizes shoulder joint
- Medially rotates humerus
Teres Major
Innervation
Lower subscapular Nerve
Teres Minor
Origin
Axillary border/ scapula
Teres minor
Insertion
Greater tuberosity/ humerus
Teres Minor
Action
- Laterally rotates humerus
2. Stabilizes shoulder joint
Teres Minor
Innervation
Axillary Nerve
Biceps Brachii
Origin
Short head: coracoids process scapula
Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle/ scapula
Biceps Brachii
Insertion
- Tuberosity/ radius
2. Shaft/ ulna
Biceps Brachii
Action
Flexion of forearm
Supinates radius
Biceps Brachii
Innervation
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Coracobrachialis
Origin
Coracoid process/ scapula
Coracobrachialis
Insertion
Shaft/ humerus
Coracobrachialis
Action
- Flexion, weak adduction of arm
2. Stabilizes shoulder joint
Coracobrachialis
Innervation
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Brachialis
Origin
Shaft/ humerus
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle/ scapula
Brachialis
Insertion
Ulnar tuberosity
Coronoid process/ ulna
Brachialis
Action
Flexes forearm
Brachialis
Innervation
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Triceps Brachii
Origin
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle/scapula
Medial and lateral head: shaft/humerus
Triceps Brachii
Insertion
Olecranon process/ulna
Triceps Brachii
Action
Extension of forearm
Triceps Brachii
Innervation
Radial Nerve
Pronator Teres
Origin
- Medial epicondyle/ humerus
2. Coronoid process/ ulna
Pronator Teres
Insertion
Pronator ridge/ radius
Pronator Teres
Action
- Pronates forearm at superior radioulnar joint
2. Assists flexion at elbow joint
Pronator Teres
Innervation
Median Nerve
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin
Medial epicondyle/ humerus
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Insertion
2nd metacarpal w/ small slip to 3rd metacarpal
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Innervation
Median Nerve
Palmaris Longs
Origin
Medial epicondyle/ humerus
Palmaris Longus
Insertion
Palmer aponeurosis
Palmaris Longus
Action
- Helps flex hand
2. Tightens palmer aponeurosis of palm/helps with palmar grip
Palmaris Longus
Innervation
Median nerve
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin
- Medial epicondyle/ humerus
2. Olecranon process ulna
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Insertion
Pisiform, hamate, & 5th metacarpal
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Action
- Equal prime mover for flexion of hand @ wrist joint
2. Adducts hand
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin
Shaft/radius
Medial epicondyle/ humerus
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Insertion
Middle phalanges/ digits 2-5
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Action
- Flexes the PI joints of digits 2-5
2. Helps flex hand
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Innervation
Median Nerve
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin
Interosseous membrane shaft/ ulna
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Insertion
Distal phalanges/ digits 2-5
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Action
- Flexes the DIP joints of digits 2-5
2. Helps flex hand
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Innervation
Ulnar Nerve & Median Nerve
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Origin
Interosseous membrane shaft/ radius
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Insertion
Distal phalanx/ digit 1
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Action
Flexes thumb (digit 1) @ IP joint
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Innervation
Median Nerve
Pronator Quadratus
Origin
Distal anterior shaft/ ulna
Pronator Quadratus
Insertion
Distal anterior shaft/ radius
Pronator Quadratus
Action
- Pronation of forearm @ the inferior radial-ulnar joint
2. Helps stabilize inferior-radial-ulnar joint
Pronator Quadratus
Innervation
Median Nerve
Brachioradialis
Origin
Lateral supracondylar ridge/humerus
Brachioradialis
Insertion
Styloid process/ radius
Brachioradialis
Action
- Helps flex forearm
2. Pronates, supinates forearm
Brachioradialis
Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin
Lateral epicondyle/ humerus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Insertion
2nd metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Action
- Extend hand
2. Abduct hand
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Origin
Lateral epicondyle/ humerus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Insertion
3rd Metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Action
- Extend hand
2. Abduct hand
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Digitorum (Maximus) Origin
Lateral epicondyle/ humerus
Extensor Digitorum (Maximus) Insertion
Middle phalanx/digits 2-5
Extensor Digitorum (Maximus) Action
- Extends digits 2-5
2. Extend hand
Extensor Digitorum (Maximus) Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Origin
Lateral epicondyle/ humerus
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Insertion
Proximal phalanx/ digit 5
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Action
Extend digit 5
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin
Shaft/ulna
Lateral epicondyle/ humerus
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Insertion
5th metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Action
- Extend hand
2. Helps adduct hand
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Innervation
Radial Nerve
Supinator
Origin
- Lateral epicondyle/ humerus
2. Supinator crest/ulna
Supinator
Insertion
Shaft/radius
Supinator
Action
Supinates forearm
Supinator
Innervation
Radial Nerve
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Origin
Interosseous membrane
Shaft/ulna and radius
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Insertion
1st metacarpal
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Action
Abducts digit 1 @ CM joint
Extends digit 1
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Origin
Interosseous membrane
Shaft/radius
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Insertion
Proximal phalanx/digit 1
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Action
Extends digit 1 @ MP joint
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Origin
Interosseous membrane
Shaft/ulna
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Insertion
Distal phalanx/digit 1
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Action
Extends digit 1 @ IP joint
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Innervation
Radial Nerve
Extensor Indicis
Origin
Interosseous membrane
Shaft/ulna
Extensor Indicis
Insertion
Proximal phalanx/digit 2
Extensor Indicis
Action
Extends digit 2
Extensor Indicis
Innervation
Radial Nerve
Anconeus
Origin
Lateral epicondyle/ humerus
Anconeus
Insertion
Olecranon process
Posterior proximal shaft/ ulna
Anconeus
Action
Extends forearm
Anconeus
Innervation
Radial Nerve
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Origin
Trapezium
Scaphoid
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Insertion
Proximal phalanx/digit 1
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Action
Abducts digit 1 @ MP joint
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Innervation
Median Nerve
Opponens Pollicis
Origin
Trapezium
Opponens Pollicis
Insertion
1st metacarpal
Opponens Pollicis
Action
Medially rotates 1st metacarpal
Opponens Pollicis
Innervation
Median Nerve
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Origin
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate bones
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Insertion
Proximal phalanx/ digit 1
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Action
Flexes digit 1 @ MP joint
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Innervation
Ulnar Nerve
Median Nerve
Adductor Pollicis
Origin
- Trapezoid, capitate, 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
2. 3rd metacarpal
Adductor Pollicis
Insertion
Proximal phalanx/digit 1
Adductor Pollicis
Action
Adducts digit 1
Adductor Pollicis
Innervation
Ulnar Nerve
Abductor Digiti Quinti/ Minimi
Origin
Pisiform
Abductor Digiti Quinti/ Minimi
Insertion
Proximal phalanx/digit 5
Abductor Digiti Quinti/ Minimi
Action
Abducts digit 5
Abductor Digiti Quinti/ Minimi
Innervation
Ulnar Nerve
Flexor Digiti Quinti/ Minimi
Origin
Hamate
Flexor Digiti Quinti/ Minimi
Insertion
Proximal phalanx/digit 5
Flexor Digiti Quinti/ Minimi
Action
Flexes digit 5 @ MP joint
Flexor Digiti Quinti/ Minimi
Innervation
Ulnar Nerve
Opponens Digiti Quinti/ Minimi
Origin
Hamate
Opponens Digiti Quinti/ Minimi
Insertion
5th metacarpal
Opponens Digiti Quinti/ Minimi
Action
Laterally rotates 5th metacarpal
Opponens Digiti Quinti/ Minimi
Innervation
Ulnar Nerve
Lumbricales
Origin
Tendons of flexor digitorum Profundus muscle
Lumbricales
Insertion
Tendons of extensor digitorum muscle
Lumbricales
Action
- Flexes MP joints
2. Extends IP joint
Lumbricales
Innervation
1st & 2nd lumbricales-Median Nerve
3rd & 4th lumbricales-Ulnar Nerve
Dorsal interossei
Origin
2nd, 3rd, 4th metacarpals
Dorsal interossei
Insertion
Proximal phalanx of digits 2,3,4
Dorsal interossei
Action
Abducts digits 2-4
Flex MP joints
Extend IP joints
Dorsal interossei
Innervation
Ulnar Nerve
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Action
- Equal prime mover for flexion of hand @ wrist joint
2. Assists in abduction of hand