Quiz 4

Question 1

What does connective tissue consist of?

Answer 1

mostly fibers and ground substance, with widely separated cells

Question 2

Tendons bind…

Answer 2

muscle to bone

Question 3

Ligaments bind…

Answer 3

bones together

Question 4

What is the purpose of connective tissue?

Answer 4

binding to organs, support, physical protection, immune protection, movement, storage, heat production, and transport

Question 5

How is connective tissue supportive?

Answer 5

cartilage supports other structures besides the body

Question 6

Movement?

Answer 6

bones provide a lever system for movement; cartilage on bone surfaces eases joint movement

Question 7

How is connective tissue used for storage?

Answer 7

fat is a connective tissue that forms the body’s major energy reserve

Question 8

What kind of fat generates heat in infants and children?

Answer 8

brown fat

Question 9

How does connective tissue transport?

Answer 9

blood is a connective tissue that transports gases, nutrients, wastes and other material

Question 10

What is the most diverse type of connective tissue?

Answer 10

fibrous

Question 11

What is fibrous connective tissue made of?

Answer 11

cellular and fibrous components in a ground substance

Question 12

What are the six types of cellular components

Answer 12

fibroplasts, macrophages, leukocytes, plasma cells, mast cells, adipocytes

Question 13

What is a fibroplast?

Answer 13

produce the fibers and ground substance of the tissue

Question 14

What is a macrophage?

Answer 14

large phagocytic cells that engulf and destroy bacteria

Question 15

What are plasma cells?

Answer 15

synthesize antibodies

Question 16

What are mast cells?

Answer 16

near blood vessels secrete heparin and histamine

Question 17

What are adipocytes?

Answer 17

fat cells that store triglycerides for feul

Question 18

What are the three types of protein fibers in fibrous components?

Answer 18

collagenous, reticular, and elastic

Question 19

What are collagenous fibers?

Answer 19

made of collagen and are tough, flexible, and resist stretching

Question 20

What are reticular fibers?

Answer 20

thin collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein, forming a spongelike framework in some organs

Question 21

What are elastic fibers?

Answer 21

made of elastin, which can recoil from stretching like a rubber band

Question 22

What is ground substance?

Answer 22

occupies the space between cells and fibers and usually has gelatinous consistency because of proteoglycans and glycoproteins

Question 23

What two categories are fibrous connective tissue divided into?

Answer 23

loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue

Question 24

What is loose connective tissue?

Answer 24

much of the space is occupied by ground substance

Question 25

What is dense connective tissue

Answer 25

fiber occupies more space than cells and ground substance

Question 26

What is areolar tissue?

Answer 26

exhibits loosely organized fibers, abundant blood vessels, and a lot of empty space

Question 27

What is reticular tissue?

Answer 27

a mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts forming the structural framework (stroma) of many organs

Question 28

Why is dense regular connective tissue called that?

Answer 28

closely packed collagen fibers with little open space; and the parallel arrangement of fibers

Question 29

What are the fibers in areolar tissue like?

Answer 29

randomly organized and mostly collagenous, although elastic and reticular fibers are present

Question 30

Where is areolar tissue found?

Answer 30

underlying nearly all epithelia, including the skin and membranes of the body and surrounding blood vessels and nerves

Question 31

Why are the fibers in dense regular connective tissue arranged the way they are?

Answer 31

it is an adaptation to directional pull, such as on tendons and ligaments

Question 32

What kind of cells do dense regular connective tissue consist of?

Answer 32

fibroblasts

Question 33

What is dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 33

has closely packed collagen fibers, but the collagen bundles run in random directions

Question 34

Why are the fibers arranged that way in dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 34

random orientation allows resistance to unpredictable stresses

Question 35

What is adipose tissue?

Answer 35

fat tissue in which adipocytes are dominant cell type

Question 36

What is white fat?

Answer 36

more abundant and is the only significant fat tissue in adults

Question 37

How big are adipocytes?

Answer 37

70 to 120 um in diameter but may be five times as large in obese people

Question 38

What is the purpose of adipose tissue?

Answer 38

provides thermal insulation, anchoring, and cushioning

Question 39

What is cartilage?

Answer 39

a supportive connective tissue with a flexible rubbery matrix

Question 40

What are chondroblasts?

Answer 40

secrete and surround themselves with matrix until they are trapped in cavities called lacunae, at which time they are called chondrocytes

Question 41

What is hyaline cartilage?

Answer 41

clear and glassy in microscopic appearance; the collagen fibers are very fine and invisible

Question 42

What is elastic cartilage?

Answer 42

conspicuous elastic fibers

Question 43

What is fibrocartilage?

Answer 43

has coarse, readily visible bundles of cartilage

Question 44

Define bone

Answer 44

refers either to an organ such as the femur and mandible, composed of multiple tissue types, or to bone tissue (osseous tissue), which makes up most of the mass of the bones

Question 45

What is spongy bone?

Answer 45

fills the heads of long bones and forms the middle layer of flat bones such as the sternum

Question 46

What is compact (dense) bone?

Answer 46

a calcified tissue with no spaces visible to the naked eye

Question 47

How is compact bone arranged?

Answer 47

in cylinders of tissue that surround central (haversian or osteonic) canals that run longitudinally through long bones?

Question 48

What travels through the canals of bones?

Answer 48

blood and nerves

Question 49

What is bone matrix composed of?

Answer 49

deposited in concentric lamellae around each central canal

Question 50

What is an osteon?

Answer 50

a central and its surrounding lamellae

Question 51

What are osteocytes?

Answer 51

between the lamellae are occupied by mature bone cells

Question 52

What are canaliculi?

Answer 52

tiny canals radiate between lacunae allowing osteocytes to contact each other

Question 53

What is the bone as a whole covered in?

Answer 53

fibrous periosteum

Question 54

What is two-thirds of the weight of bone?

Answer 54

calcium salts deposited around the collagen fibers