Final Take 2 Flashcards
What are the 3 protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton and which is the thickest? (3)
intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules (are the thickest)
What is a hydration sphere and how is it formed? (3)
A hydration sphere is when water binds to a compound breaking it apart. The hydrogen in water is attracted to the negative element in the compound and the oxygen is attracted to the positive element in the compound.
Name the 4 cutaneous glands and what they secrete. (3)
mammory- milk
ceruminous - ear wax
sudoriferious- oil
sebacious- sweat
What is the difference between appositional and intersitial growth? (3)
app- bones continually grow throughout life in diameter and thickness
int- grow cartilage growth from within by the multiplication of chondrocytes
What are all the benefits and disadvantages to aerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation? (3)
aerobic- produces more ATP and less toxic end products, but requires a continual supply of oxygen
anaerobic- allows the cell to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen, but produces lactic acid, a toxic end product which is a major factor in muscle fatigue
Name three of the six neuroglial cell types, and give one function of each (3)
microglia- clean up cellular debris via phagocytosis
oligodendrocytes- myelinates axons of the neurons in the CNS
Schwann cells- melinates axons of the neurons in the PNS
List three ways to increase the strength of a muscle twitch and/or prevent twitch weakness. (3)
- increase temperature
- varies cell concentration of Ca 2+
- weaker when pH is too low
What is the difference in location between endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium. (3)
endo- surrounds each muscle fiber
peri- wraps muscle fibers together in bundles
epi- surrounds the muscle
Explain the action of an IPSP. (3)
inhibility, makes neurons less likely to fire
What is the difference between temporal summation and spatial summation? (3)
temp- EPSPs coming from one synapse until threshold voltage is reached
spat- EPSPs coming from multiple synapses to a cell soma until threshold voltage is reached can signal down axon
6 properties of water (5)
solvency, cohesion, adhesion, temperature stability, polarity, chemical reactivity
explain the differences in shape and function of microvilli, cilia, and flagella
micro- found in the digestive tract. move particles along
cil- are hair-like structure at the tops of columnar cells. they move particles across a surface. found in the respiratory tract
flag- is a tail-like structure attached to the head of a sperm cell. it’s function is to move a whole cell through a fluid
6 functions of the skeletal system (5)
protection, support, movement, acid-base balance, blood formation, electrolyte balance
6 functions of the integumentary system (5)
protection, body temperature regulation, excretion, blood resevoir, metabolic funtions, cutaneous funtions
list in order of depth all the strata and layers of tissue in the epidermis and dermis (5)
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, papillary layer, reticular layer
