quiz 4 Flashcards
adaption
physiologic change to accomodate a stress
resistance training overload
larger muscle = stronger muscles and stronger muscles = stronger bones
endurance training overload
burn more fat in muscle, better O2 delievery from lungs to mitochondria
principle of specificity
exercises must be specific to sport or training
perturbation of homeostasis
adding stress will cause change
removing the stress will cause
a reversal of change (use it or lose it)
wolffs law
a muscle wil only be as strong as it needs to be
muscle hypertrophy
muscle gets bigger and minimizes new stress
what does unloading do unloading
inhibits mTOR and protein synthesis (atrophy)
loading stimulates
MTOR and protein synthesis (atrophy)
training to increase aerobic capacity =
increase in mito
training to increase anaerobic capacity
PCr and glycolysis contine to increase mito
training to increase strength/hypertrophy
increase accural of muscle protein
strength and hypertrophy of muscle increase these proteins
actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin and titin
increase of protein =
increase in stimulation of transcription and translation
transcription starts in the
nucleus where the DNA is
RNA polymerese in transcription
enzyme that unzips DNA and copies it
translation takes mRNA
and transports it to the cytosol
mRNA
copy of DNA
tRNA
brings amino acids to be the work bench
ribosome
work bench - protein synthesis
protein
string of amino acids
translation
brings mRNA from transcription and transports it into the cytosol and then tRNA and brings amino acids to ribosome to creates proteins
an athlete becomes trained by
training stress stimulus –> which triggers mechanical loading and increase in NAD, AMP, CA
-Stress stimulates pathwys like mTOR, SIRT 1, AMPK, PGC-1o
-pathways increase transcription and translation which increases proteins
-if you accumalte enough protein = adaption
AMP is low and atp is high at
rest
high intensity =
AMP and ADP is high and ATP is low
NAD increases more in
high intensity conditions
ROS increase
nitric oxid and superoxide
transcription
makes RNA in nucleus and transport mRNA in cytoplasm
factors that trigger cascade
- stretch and tension
- Ca ions and presence
- cellular energy status -AMP/ATP , NAD/NADH, ROS
pathways use molecules to cause and effect
enzymes - mTOR, SIRT 1, AMPK
transcription factors - PGC-1a
mechanical loading is stimulated by
stretch and tension
anabolic pathway cascade
muscle hypetrophy and mechanical loading
catabolic pathway cascade
stress removal (muscle atrophy)
and mechanical unloading
and inhibiting T and T
Ca trigger
CAMK, and PGC-1a and AMPK
when PGC-1a is stimulated we see
mitochondrial biogenesis, and angiogenesis
high intensity training
increase in AMP and ATP, AMPk and Pgc-1a and (NAD but not as big of a change)
continous training long duration
decrease AMP but increase in NAD and NADH, SIRT-1 and PGc-1a
ROS increases in what type of training
high intensity
increase of mitochondria =
greater metabolic flexibilty
leucine
BCAA and stimulates mTOR on its own
low muscle glycogen (training low)
low glycogen stimulates AMPK, stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, increase in metabolic flexibility
supplemental antioxidants
neutralize ROS/ free radicals
triggers for adaption and performance
- training program- high, moderate, low
- nutrition - balanced diet, supplementation, nutrient limiting
protein timing
after workout
anti-trigger
training low
AMPK inhibits mTOR
to minimize anti-trigger you need
high CHO availablity
