lipids Flashcards
all lipids are
hydrophobic
kcals fat have
9 kcals/g
cholestrol has no
kcals
esterification
making bonds between fatty acids and glycerol
de-esterification
break down bonds between fatty acid and glycerol
saturated
no double bonds
monounsaturated
one double bond
polyunsaturated
multiple double bonds
only animal foods have
cholestrol
saturated fats found in
plants
nuts and seeds
coconut
unsaturated fats
omega 6s omega 3s MUFA
digestive lipases in mouth
lingual lipase
digestive lipase stomach
gastric lipase
digestive lipase SI
pancreatic
adipocyte lipases
ATGL - adipose triglyceride lipase
HSL - hormone sensitive lipase
MGL - monoglyceride lipase
lipogenesis (esterification) happens in
adipocytes
muscle cells = IMTG
all fat is stored as energy
fat depots
stored as triglycerides as adipocytes, muscle cells
hormones that stimulate lipolysis
cortisol, growth hormone, glucagon
what goes into chylomicron
cholestrol, triglycerides, ADEK
lipoprotein
transport fat-soluble nutrients to tissues
-as it transfers more fat to tissues, the smaller it gets
LPL
lipoprotein lipase - sit on vessel walls
liver (chylomicron)
where the chylomicron is broken down and made into VLDL
VLDL
lipoprotein that is made from smaller pieces of chylomicron that was broken down
LDL
smaller version of VLDL because it has less fat - the cells have been using LPL to take it
-made in the blood vessel
HDL
good cholestrol
FATP
cell surface transporters- get fatty acid into the muscle cell
FABP
chaperone inside muscle cells to mitochondria
CPT
transport fatty acids into the mitochondria
cholestrol makes
hormones - estrogen, testosterone
vitamin D through skin
bile - made from liver
cell membranes
anabolism of membranes
convert FFA into phospholipids
fat used during exercise
low intensity
plasma FFA from blood
IMTG
catabolic hormones released at beginning of exercise
glucagon
growth hormone
growth hormone epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulates
lipolysis
adipocyte lipases order
ATGL
HSL
MGL
cellular transport of fatty acids to cell membrane
FATP
mitochondrial membrane transport
CPT
transport fatty acids in sacroplasm
FABP
fate of fatty acids in muscle cell during exercise
FABP transport
ACS activation of FA
transport into mitochondrai -CPT
B-ox
krebs
etc
fat as a fuel MTTATO
mobilization - lipolysis - ATGL,HSL,MGL
transport glycerol to liver - to gluconeogenesis
transport to cell membrane - FATP, FABP
activation - ACS, adding CoA to fatty acid
transport into mito - CPTS into mito
oixidation - bioenergetics
fat max
point of exercise intensity at which you burn the most fat in absolute amounts
ketosis
metabolic state characterized by elevated ketone levels in blood or urine
ketogenesis
biochemcial process through which ketones are made via catabolism of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids
ketoacidosis
excessive production of ketones leading to acidity of blood, ECF, and ICF
prolonged fasting stimulates
lipolysis, beta ox and ketogenesis
a keto diet is ___ diet
about 75% of daily intake is fat
insulin is an anabolic hormone and promotes storage of
glycogen
triglycerides
muscle protein breakdown
glucagon is catabolic hormone and stimulates
lipolysis which increases blood FFA and stimulates gluconeogenesis
glycerol is a substrate for
gluconeogenesis
presence of more fat from keto diet
higher use of mito pathways causes increase in NAD and ROS
-low glycogen stimulates AMPK
benefit of keto diet for athletes
more metabolic flexibility
- spares glycogen
- uses fat to meet energy demand rather than CHO
disadvantages for athletes doing keto
you cant work out at high intensities
PDH
enzyme that converts pryuvate to acetyl coa in mitochondria
- acetyl coa inhibits PDH
EFA recommendations
10: 1 ratio of 6s to 3s
