Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

IHN BIOCHEMISTRY FINAL > Quiz 3: water and salt pt 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 3: water and salt pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

food sources of water

A

all foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

most essential nutrient

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

most water comes from

A

beverages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

osmolarity =

A

conc of solute/1L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

functions of water

A
  1. chemical rxns
  2. body temp regulation
  3. lube + protection
  4. solvent + transport medium
  5. maintenance of fluid volume
  6. acid-base balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

water output depends on

A

physical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

methods of water output

A

insensible - skin
insensible - lungs (breathing out)
sweat
urine
feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

prolonged heavy exercise =

A

more excretion via sweat so we excrete less via other methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where in metabolism do we make water

A
  1. FA oxidation
  2. cellular respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

normal person what happens to most of the water they ingest and make

A

it is excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

water intake
food:
bevs:

A

water intake
food: 25-35%
bevs: 65-75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

in the US do we get enough water

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

water intake for
men
women

A

water intake for
men: 3.7 L
women: 2.7 L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

water intake needs vary based on (2)

A

activity level
energy intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

water recommendation

A

25-40 mL per kg of body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

body is __% water
newborns are __% water

A

body is 50% water
newborns are 75% water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

__ is way in and way out for water

A

plasma is way in and way out for water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which has more water: IC or EC

A

IC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in order, pools of water

A

IC > interstitial fluid > plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

EC fluid = __ + __

A

EC fluid = plasma + interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

volume of EC and IC must be in

A

perfect balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

__ and __ are highly regulated

A

water and osmolarity are highly regulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

isotonic =
hypotonic =
hypertonic =

A

isotonic = happy
hypotonic = cell swells
hypertonic = cell shrinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hypotonic can occur during

A

parenteral nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
swelling of cells causes
edema
26
hypertonic cells occurs with
too many electrolytes
27
to fix hypotonic, we need
increased excretion, but keep electrolytes (rly hard to do)
28
to fix hypertonic, we need
hydration!
29
__ membrane is barrier btwn plasma and intestitial fluid
**capillary** membrane is barrier btwn plasma and intestitial fluid
30
bidirectional flow of water depends on
needs of cell
31
osmotic pressure balance steps
1. blood brings oxygenated blood into artery, out of vein 2. capillary membrane removes CO2 3. heart makes hydrostatic pressure (pushes plasma) 4. hydrostatic P offsets osmotic P of particles in circulation 5. net passage of water to EC compartment 6. OR, as blood goes through it loses BP, enough to bring water into circulation
32
main electrolytes
Na, Cl, K
33
2 electrolyte functions
1. control of EC fluid volume 2. control membrane potential in excitable cell
34
main sodium dietary source
sodium chloride
35
__% of sodium in typical US diet is from processed foods
**70**% of sodium in typical US diet is from processed foods
36
no natural, unprocessed foods rich in sodium
37
high sodium = low sodium =
high sodium = **processed foods** low sodium = **meats, fruits and veg**
38
table salt =
sea salt = himalayan salt in % sodium
39
main dietary source of potassium
vegetables! all foods though
40
is potassium a nutrient of concern
yes, intake in US is low
41
intestine sodium absorption 2 options
1. passive paracellular (by solvent drag, absorbed with water) 2. facilitated transport - Na-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) - electroneutral absorption of Na and Cl (Na/H: NHE, Cl/HCO3: DRA) - electrogenic absorption: ENaC (colon!)
42
main water transporter
SGLT1
43
SGLT steps
1. SGLT moves Na and glucose in 2. glucose out by GLUT2 3. Na out by NaK ATPase
44
electroneutral absorption of Na and Cl
1. NHE --> Na in, H out, DRA: Cl in, HCO3 out 2. Cl- leaves via channels 3. Na+ leaves via ATPase
45
electrogenic absorption of Na steps
1. Na in via ENaC 2. Na out via NaK ATPase
46
electrogenic absorption is increased by
aldosterone
47
main absorption ofNa in colon
electrogenic absorption ENaC
48
__% potassium absorbed, but it is not abundant
**85**% potassium absorbed, but it is not abundant
49
potassium intestinal absorption options
1. passive transport at high conc 2. active at low conc by: - K H ATPase - K channels
50
__% of Na, K, Cl absorbed
**85-99**% of Na, K, Cl absorbed
51
where are Na, K, Cl mainly absorbed
small intestine
52
when there is excess K, there is net
when there is excess K, there is net **secretion of K in colon**
53
2 roles of Na, K, Cl
1. EC fluid volume 2. membrane potentials
54
main osmotic particle
Na
55
most abundant cation and anion in EC
Na+ Cl- also Ca2+, HCO3-
56
most abundant cation and anion in IC
K+ PO4 3- also Mg
57
non-electrolytes in plasma contribute little EX
phospholipids cholesterol fat
58
what controls electric potential
Na K ATPase
59
Na K ATPase steps
1. transporter picks up 3 Na+ inside 2. ATP binds + phos 1 aa --> 3 Na+ out 3. picks up 2 K outside 4. phosphate hydrolyzed release
60
resting potential =
-70 mV
61
action potential
1. stimulus --> open Na channels, Na in 2. depolarization (+) to +30 mV 3. Na close, K+ opens --> K+ out 4. repolarization (-)
62
cholride in gastric acid secretion steps
1. Cl- in, HCO3- out 2. K+ in, H+ out 3. Cl- crosses out
63
chloride functions
1. phagocytosis in WBC 2. exchange Cl for HCO3- in RBC (chloride shift) --> allows transport of CO2 back to lungs in form of plasma HCO3-

IHN BIOCHEMISTRY FINAL (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions