FINAL: supplements

Question 1

dietary supplements legal definition

Answer 1

a product intended to supplement the diet

Question 2

in order to be a supplement the product must be taken via

Answer 2

mouth

Question 3

different categories of dietary supplements

Answer 3

1. micronutrients: vitamins and minerals
2. macronutrients: fatty acids, protein, amino acids
3. herbs (botanicals)
4. phytochemicals (lycopene, isoflavins, caffeine)
5. zoochemicals (animal products: creatine, bee pollen)
6. miscellaneous (probiotics, melatonin)

Question 4

supplement use increases with

Answer 4

age
dips down for teens though

Question 5

2 main reasons to use supplements

Answer 5

1. improve health
2. prevent health problems

Question 6

women typically use supplements for

Answer 6

bone health

Question 7

3 common reasons to use supplements

Answer 7

1. nutritional insurance (meet RDA)
2. better health
3. special purposes (treat illness, improve performance and weight loss)

Question 8

__% adults, __ amount of kids use supplements

Answer 8

50% adults, 1/3 amount of kids use supplements

Question 9

in the US we mostly take __ supplements

Answer 9

in the US we mostly take nutrient supplements

Question 10

supplement use is linked to:

Answer 10

1. SES
2. race
3. education
4. healthier individuals

Question 11

__ adults in US take a multi

Answer 11

1/3 adults in US take a multi

Question 12

components of total nutrient exposure

Answer 12

1. food
2. beverages (includes water bc minerals)
3. fortified products
4. some meds
5. sun (vit D)
6. gut microbiome
7. dietary supplements

Question 13

who are dietary supplements recommended for?

Answer 13

not the genereal population
good for high-risk groups

Question 14

what high-risk groups need supplements?

Answer 14

pregnant women (folic acid)
health problems that interrupt nutrient absorption or metabolism (bariatric surgery, anemia, IBD)
meds (PPIs, metformin: vit B12)

Question 15

3 factor for an ideal supplement

Answer 15

1. efficacy
2. safety
3. quality

Question 16

what studies must be done to determine efficacy and safety?

Answer 16

1. lab and in-vitro studies
2. animal studies
3. human studies (epidemiological and clinical trials)

Question 17

what must be done to confirm quality

Answer 17

develop analytical methods and reference materials

Question 18

how are supplements regulated

Answer 18

like food, not drugs
no FDA approval
no need to prove effective
no mandatory formulation standards

Question 19

when choosing a supplement for you look for (2)

Answer 19

1. right dose and timing
2. right form

Question 20

physician’s health study II looked at

Answer 20

if multivitamins keep male doctors over 50 healthier for longer

Question 21

PHS-II outcomes

Answer 21

no effect on CVD, macular degeneration, or cognitive decline
modest decrease in cancer and cataracts

Question 22

VITAL study looked at

Answer 22

vitamin D and omega 3s in men and women for 5 years

Question 23

vit D results

Answer 23

vit D did not lower incidence of invasive cancer and CV events
ppl not obese taking vit D DID have decreased cancer morbidity and mortality
african americans 23% decreased cancer incidence

Question 24

problem with vit D portion

Answer 24

most people had sufficient vit D to start

Question 25

omega 3 results

Answer 25

omega 3 did not have decreased risk of CV disease or cancer
28% decrease in MI
77% in african americans
40% in those eating less than 1.5 servings of fish per week (baseline low omega 3 FAs)

Question 26

SELECT study looked at

Answer 26

selenium and vit E in men for 7-12 years

Question 27

what happened to the SELECT study

Answer 27

was stopped after 5 yrs bc no benefit + vit E had 17% increase in prostate cancer

Question 28

SELECT study
vit E
Se
BOTH

Answer 28

SELECT study
vit E: increased risk prostate cancer
Se: no increased risk prostate cancer or T2DM
BOTH: no increased prostate cancer risk

Question 29

moral of the SELECT study

Answer 29

men should not take high dose vit E