FINAL: magnesium Flashcards
Mg is a __ metal that makes __ ions in solution
Mg is a divalent metal that makes positive ions in solution
after K+, Mg2+ is the most abundant __ ion
after K+, Mg2+ is the most abundant intracellular ion
Mg is more __ and less __ than Ca
Mg is more hydrated and less flexible than Ca
since Mg is very hydrated,
Mg must be dehydrated to be used
Mg mainly binds to __
Mg mainly binds to phosphate (like in ATP)
3 properties of Mg
- binds organic anions (ATP, nucleotides)
- binds enzymes to alter catalytic activity
- competes with calcium for binding sites
2 functions of ATP
energy
make DNA, RNA
Mg blocks __ to regulate it
Mg blocks calcium to regulate it
dietary source of Mg
ALL plant and animal foods
green leafy veg (chlorophyll)
fish
nuts
what type of grain is best for Mg?
whole grains bc polished grains have depleted Mg
is Mg a nutrient of concern?
YES
__% of Americans don’t get enough Mg
48% of Americans don’t get enough Mg
when does Mg RDA increase
pregnancy, not lactation
is Mg non-toxic?
yes
does Mg have an upper limit?
yes
signs of Mg toxicity
diarrhea
nausea
flushing
double vision
muscle weakness (Ca2+ related)
excessive Mg intake causes
diarrhea and dehydration (Mg is found in some laxatives)
intestinal fractional absorption of Mg is __ related to intake
intestinal fractional absorption of Mg is inversely related to intake
higher intake of Mg = __ absorption
higher intake of Mg = decreased absorption
__% Mg absorbed
30-50% Mg absorbed
Mg absorption is good in __ but decreases with __
Mg absorption is good in children but decreases with age
where in intestine is Mg absorbed?
distal jejunum and ileum
intestinal absorption of Mg steps
- digestion separates Mg from proteins
- TRPM6 (apical) lets Mg into cell (no chaperone needed)
- Mg exits into blood, Na enters cell (antiporter)
- ATPase sends Na out
main type of Mg in blood
free Mg