FINAL: fluoride Flashcards

1
Q

is fluoride essential?

A

no, but it is beneficial

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2
Q

main source of fluoride

A

water and dental products

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3
Q

all dietary sources of fluoride

A

water
juice
fish
chicken

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4
Q

99% of fluoride in the body is found in __ and __

A

99% of fluoride in the body is found in skeleton and teeth

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5
Q

unique fluoride chemistry

A

fluoride has a high affinity for di and trivalent cations (Ca, Mg, Al)

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6
Q

amount of fluoride in foods depends on

A

fluoride concentration in cooking water

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7
Q

__% absorption of fluoride

A

90% absorption of fluoride

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8
Q

only 50-70% of fluoride is absorbed when

A

in the presence of Ca2+ or other cations

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9
Q

40% of fluoride is absorbed in __
60% is absorbed in __

A

40% of fluoride is absorbed in stomach
60% is absorbed in upper intestine

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10
Q

50% of absorbed fluoride goes to __, the rest is __

A

50% of absorbed fluoride goes to calcified tissue, the rest is excreted in urine

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11
Q

most fluoride is excreted via __
5-10% excreted via __
some of the rest excreted in __

A

most fluoride is excreted via kidneys
5-10% excreted via feces
some of the rest excreted in sweat

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12
Q

fluoride absorption is affected by conditions that affect __

A

fluoride absorption is affected by conditions that affect urinary pH

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13
Q

conditions that affect urinary pH

A

diabetes
renal acidosis
acidifying drugs
diet

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14
Q

fluoride in the skeleton, why is it beneficial?

A

replacement of OH- by F- in hydroxyapatite in teeth and bones makes them more resistant to acid and basteria

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15
Q

replacement of OH- by F- in hydroxyapatite lessesns __

A

replacement of OH- by F- in hydroxyapatite lessesns bone resorption

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16
Q

there is a rapidly exchangeable F- pool found __

A

there is a rapidly exchangeable F- pool found in the surface of bone crystal

17
Q

when F- replaces OH-, hydroxyapatite becomes

A

hydroxifluorapatite

18
Q

main minerals in toorth enamel and dentin are __ and __

A

main minerals in toorth enamel and dentin are hydroxyapatite and hydroxifluorapatite

19
Q

dental caries are produced by

A

acid degradation of Ca2+ salts by bacteria

20
Q

people who grew up with fluoridated water have 40-60% less __

A

people who grew up with fluoridated water have 40-60% less dental caries

21
Q

F- prevents dental caries by:
1. increasing __ of enamel to acid attack
2. promote __ of lesions
3. decreases __ production by bacteria

A

F- prevents dental caries by:
1. increasing resistance of enamel to acid attack
2. promote re-mineralization of lesions
3. decreases acid production by bacteria

22
Q

what is the one risk of excess F-?

A

mottled enamel (yellow teeth)

23
Q

despite popular belief, F- does not cause:

A
  1. bone cancer
  2. bone fractures
  3. enamel fluorosis
  4. skeletal fluorosis