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CGSC 1001 > Quiz 3 (lesson 15-18) > Flashcards

Quiz 3 (lesson 15-18) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the main character in memento have?

A

The main character has anterograde amnesia

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2
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

Anterograde amnesia is a loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact

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3
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A

Retrograde amnesia is a form of amnesia where someone is unable to recall events that occurred before the development of the amnesia, even though they may be able to encode and memorize new things that occur after the onset

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4
Q

What is transient global amnesia?

A

“a sudden, temporary episode of memory loss that can’t be attributed to a more common neurological condition, such as epilepsy or stroke. During an episode of transient global amnesia, your recall of recent events simply vanishes, so you can’t remember where you are or how you got there
People say the same things over and over again because they don’t remember saying it before”

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5
Q

What are asimov’s three laws of robotics?

A

“A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction allow a human being to come to harm
A robot must obey the orders given to it by humans unless it would break the first law
A robot must protect its own existence as long as it does not conflict with the first or second laws
“

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6
Q

“Your friend goes through, in quick succession, the basic emotions. What emotions do they go through:
A. Fear, disgust, joy, sadness, anger, disappointment.
B. Fear, disgust, joy, umami, anger, shock.
C. Fear, disgust, joy, sadness, anger, surprise”

A

c

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7
Q

“Asimovs three laws of robotics were stated to be

a) Flawed and dumb
b) Logical and sensible
c) Well written”

A

a

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8
Q

True or False: we only use 10% of our brains

A

“False. We actually use all of our brains
If any part of your brain gets damaged you will suffer deficits
Evolution would not “waste” energy building vast parts of your brain you don’t use”

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9
Q

True or false: psychic powers are real

A

False. Unfortunately they’re not

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10
Q

True or false: IQ tests are biased

A

“False. If they were biased they would underpredict later success for certain groups and overpredict for others. This does not happen
Huge panels of scientists with widely varying viewpoints all concluded that they were not biased
Item analysis is used to identify bad test questions”

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11
Q

True or false: Childhood abuse leads to psychological disorders

A

False. It is weakly correlated (0.09, close to 0)

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12
Q

True or false: AI is a failure

A

False. Moving goal posts, mysterians

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13
Q

True or false: The full moon makes people act differently

A

False.

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14
Q

Does money correlate with happiness?

A

Money correlates with happiness until you’re making around 105k$ a year(in our society), then it levels off

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15
Q

True or false: Life events don’t affect happiness very much

A

“True. Winners of lotteries and people who become paraplegic have happiness changes that only last a few months
Things that do affect us: getting divorced, getting fired”

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16
Q

How much of our happiness is genetic?

A

Roughly 60% is genetic

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17
Q

True or False: Having an irreversible choice makes you happier with your choice than having a reversible choice

A

True.

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18
Q

What is synthetic happiness?

A

“synthetic happiness is what we make when we don’t get what we wanted
Being happy about the outcome you did not want
“

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19
Q

What is natural happiness?

A

Natural happiness is the happiness from getting the outcome we wanted

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20
Q

How does science work?

A

“Generation of a theory
Theories make predictions about the world
These predictions become “hypotheses” that can be tested with experiments and quasi-experiments”

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21
Q

What are experiments?

A

Experiments have control over participants and conditions. They manipulate something

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22
Q

What are quasi-experiments?

A

Quasi-experiments are observations in the real world. Most political science lessons are learned from quasi-experiments

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23
Q

What does it mean if a hypothesis is falsifiable?

A

“Able to describe a situation when the theory doesn’t apply
If it isn’t falsifiable it can’t make good predictions”

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24
Q

True or false: 1/20 experiments will turn out finding significance just by chance

A

True.

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25
Q

“At what level does money cease to impact people’s happiness?
- money does not impact happiness
- until 105k per year
- until 1 milion per year
- it depends on the country or city
- until 50k per year”

A

it depends on the country or city

26
Q

“Science has a characteristic that distinguishes it from other knowledge-generating enterprises. What is this characteristic?

a) It’s lack of a deity
b) Science uses experiments, whereas others such as religion do not to prove their knowledge
c) There are no radical scientists
d) Science has a rigorous, self-correcting mechanism, i.e. the publication and peer review process”

A

d

27
Q

“Your keep hearing that cucumber causes acne, and it has been repeated numerous times to you so now you do not eat cucumbers for fear of acne. What is this topic known as?

a) Availability cascade
b) Wishful thinking
c) Repetition belief”

A

a

28
Q

What is the availability cascade?

A

Availability cascade - once an idea gets repeated enough times people think its true

29
Q

“After researching Artificial Intelligence you decide that you do not want to have creativity down to an algoritm and still want to have some secrets about the subject. According to prof Davies you are

a) an AI opponent
b) Anti - AI
c) A mysterian”

A

c

30
Q

“A good study is thorough and clear enough that someone could run the study themselves to get results. This attribute is know as

a) Replicability
b) Repeatability
c) Duplicity”

A

a

31
Q

“Someone tells you that you are only using 10% of your brain at any given moment and to open yourself up to the possibility of psychic powers. What would be a rude but accurate description of what they might be engaging in:
A. They are engaging in wishful thinking about their own potential
B. They have heard an argument too many times and have believed it as a result.
C. Advertising is influencing their decision-making process.
D. All of the above”

A

d

32
Q

“You have listened to Mozart consistently for your entire life. What is likely to be the case:
A. The music itself has made you smarter.
B. The music has distracted you and lowered your performance in several categories.
C. The music has done nothing at all”

A

c

33
Q

What is pascal boyer’s counterontology theory?

A

“We have subsystems for understanding different things in the world: contagion, persons, living things, tools, physical objects. These form “ontologies”

We find things that belong to one category but have one(or close to one) thing from another fascinating
A ghost or a god is a person with no body
A zombie is a person with no mind
A crying statue is an object with one biological property

The more violations, the less plausible”

34
Q

What is person permanence?

A

“Our belief that people still exist when we can no longer perceive them
It seems that this does not shut off immediately when someone dies, leading to beliefs that their minds still exist
Studies show that people, even self-described atheists, associate mental states with the dead
Tends to last for 3 months after someone dies”

35
Q

What are dual funerals?

A

“The body is buried and then some time later it is disinterred and something else is done
Boyer says this is to make sense of our changing intuitions about the status of the dead person
The first ritual is to remove the body, even though we believe the person still exists
The second is to mark the change of our acceptance of the person being gone, and only existing in our memories”

36
Q

What does the theory of religion encouraging prosocial behavior say?

A

“With language, a reputation can spread and affect someone for years
One theory says that humans evolved to have beliefs in supernatural agents(such as gods) to keep us behaving even when nobody’s watching
“

37
Q

What is group selection?

A

“The idea that a group of creatures will survive and continue instead of just one
The group of people working together will outlive the one badass in the apocalypse”

38
Q

What is strategic knowledge?

A

“the gods only care about things that will keep society together
It cares about lying to people, not how many pieces of pasta you ate today”

39
Q

What is OCD?

A

“Obsessive–compulsive disorder.
Characterized by compulsive rituals: cleaning, entering and leaving spaces, hoarding and numbers(counting).
Affects about 2% of people
Failing to engage in the ritual causes a feeling of dread in OCD patients”

40
Q

What is schizophrenia?

A

“People interpret reality abnormally
Affects 3% of people
Features hallucinations
People with schizophrenia are treated as being blessed so hallucinations are accepted as divine truth
Amped up pattern detection”

41
Q

How much of our religion is genetic?

A

“47% genetic
11% family upbringing
42% non family environment
“

42
Q

What is karma?

A

the spiritual principle of cause and effect where intent and actions of an individual (cause) influence the future of that individual (effect)

43
Q

“The religion of untitled.txt holds that you must dig up a corpse you previously buried and re-burry it at the end of a certain amount of time. What action is untitleted.txt telling its believers to perform, and at what time is it most likely that untitled.txt suggests its believers dig up the corpse:
A. Body replacement, five months.
B. Corpse cleansing, ten years.
C. Dual funerals, three months.
D. Double burials, six weeks.”

A

c

44
Q

“-What are some of the compulsive rituals people with OCD tend to do:
a. Checking
b. Hoarding
c. Eating
d. A and b “

A

d

45
Q

“What is the cognitive science belief for how religions were cemented into our society?

a) In traditional societies, those with mental disorders were perceived as being blessed and set society’s religious tone
b) Gods spoke to humans, telling us to worship them
c) People discovered irrefutable evidence pointing to the existing of a higher power, thus starting religions
d) Major figures from religions were con artists who simply persuaded people into believing them”

A

a

46
Q

“How long does Person Permanence typically last?
- 3 months
- one year
- it never truly goes away
- it only affects religious people
- 2 weeks”

A

3 months

47
Q

What does “I think, therefore I am” mean?

A

“Awareness that you’re a living being
Even if everything you’re looking at is an illusion something must be getting fooled”

48
Q

What is automatization?

A

“As we get better at things we lose our consciousness of them. Ex. driving, tying shoes
Making yourself conscious of them will mess up performance
Perhaps babies are more conscious than us because they are habituated to nothing”

49
Q

What is intuition?

A

“When we perceive, decide or believe something without having a notion about how the idea came about
Can be caused by automatization
We have genetic and learned intuitions
We cannot tell the difference between genetic and learned intuitions”

50
Q

What is blindsight?

A

“able to respond to visual stimuli that they do not consciously see
Can’t see but they can technically “see” (don’t know where a cup is but they reach out to the right spot when going to grab it)
“

51
Q

What is hemisphere neglect?

A

“(damage to the brain causing deficit of awareness of one side of space)
Can’t see one hemisphere from eye, smaller vision range
Note your vision doesn’t become black, it becomes nothing(what do you see after the range of your vision?)
“

52
Q

What is severed corpus callosum?

A

“The parts of the brain are separate
You can show them different images and ask to pick up other images relating to them and the left side of the brain will make up something of why they picked up something(but that explanation isn’t actually why)
Why the shovel: to clean out the chicken coop(in reality it was because of the snow covered cabin)”

53
Q

What is thought alienation?

A

Believing that the thoughts in your head are not your own

54
Q

What is the chinese room thought experiment?

A

“A book says what to respond with when given a chinese sentence. The guy appears to know chinese but he really doesn’t
Conclusion: programming a digital computer may make it appear to understand language but could not produce real understanding
This however could be complete garbage since the book would have to be giant(the size of the moon?)”

55
Q

What is dualism?

A

“the theory that the mental and the physical – or mind and body or mind and brain – are, in some sense, radically different kinds of thing
The belief that there is some sort of mental substance that is not physical”

56
Q

What are higher order thought models?

A

“consciousness consists in perceptions or thoughts about first-order mental states
They claim that things are conscious when involved with abstract or high level thought.”

57
Q

What is baars’ global workspace model?

A

“Consciousness highlights certain parts of memory that are viewable by other processes
Similar to blackboard architecture in AI
Bunch of parts of the brain doing something and a giant blackboard(the global workspace) parts of the brain can write on
“

58
Q

What is dennett’s multiple drafts model?

A

“There’s a bunch of processes trying to understand things in different ways
Its red shiny and not rotten
I can pick it up, throw it
It’s not yours, if you take it it’s stealing
How hungry am I, do I want to eat it
Parts of the brain looking through different lenses. They can compete for control over the parts of your mind
There is no set point at which something becomes conscious”

59
Q

“When we perceive or decide or believe something without having a notion of how
the idea came about is:
a. Automatization
b.Intuition
c.Habituation “

A

b

60
Q

“You are getting ready for class and, on your way up a staircase, stub your toe. Of the following, which would fall under Qualia:
A. The bruising your toe gets.
B. The neurological signals sent from your toe to your brain.
C. The future qualities your toe takes on after the injury.
D. Extreme pain.”

A

d

61
Q

“Imagine that your mind has a blackboard in it. Your conscious mind pulls memories onto that blackboard for viewing by the rest of your mental processes. What theory of higher-order thought have you imagined?
A. Descartes epistemic centralization
B. Dennett multiple drafts
C. The Chinese room hypothetical
D. The Global workspace model”

A

d

62
Q

“Amy takes the view that there are features of reality separate from the physical world. In this non-physical space, qualia exist. What is her view called:
A. Mono theism
B. Dualism
C. Functionalism
D. Identity theory”

A

b

CGSC 1001 (13 decks)

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