Quiz 2 (lesson 10)

Question 1

What does the graph look like for grammar development?

Answer 1

“U shaped grammar curve
Ex. Went, goed, went
- Kids memorize the words(went) then learns the rules(goed) then learns the exceptions(went)
- Gets worse at grammar when learning the rules and gets better after using it and learning the exceptions”

Question 2

What is the universal grammar theory?

Answer 2

“The mind has a bunch of switches that get set when you learn a language as a child
Ex. subject omission switch
In spanish you can omit the subject of a sentence but in english you cannot”

Question 3

What age range is the critical stage of child word development?

Answer 3

3-5 years old

Question 4

What happens in the critical stage of child word development?

Answer 4

“During this time children learn 2-4 words every day to their productive vocabulary and twice that for understanding
That’s understanding one word every one to two hours awake for years
They are learning words that they don’t hear that day
How is this possible? Recall understanding a joke you heard years ago
“

Question 5

What age range is the sensorimotor development stage?

Answer 5

birth - 2 years old

Question 6

What happens in the sensorimotor development stage?

Answer 6

“Simple reflex action to symbolic processing
Progress is seen on 3 fronts
Adapting to and exploring the environment
- Focus on international behavior
Understanding objects
- Object permanence
Using symbols
- For example waving and gesturing”

Question 7

What age range is the preoperational development stage?

Answer 7

2 - 7

Question 8

What happens in the preoperational development stage?

Answer 8

“Use of symbols to represent objects and events
Characterized by:
egocentrism(difficulty in seeing world from others point of view)
centration(narrowly focused thought)(only one part of a problem, no conservation of liquid) focuses on one thing”

Question 9

What age range is the concrete operational development stage?

Answer 9

7 - 11

Question 10

What happens in the concrete operational development stage?

Answer 10

“Mental operations to solve problems and reasoning: e.g. induction

People have problems thinking abstractly and hypothetically”

Question 11

What age range is the formal operational development stage?

Answer 11

11 - death

Question 12

What happens in the formal operational development stage?

Answer 12

“Can apply mental operations to abstract entities

Abstract and hypothetical thinking
“

Question 13

What are Jean Piaget’s lasting contributions?

Answer 13

“The study of cognitive development at all

Constructivism: that children are active participants in their own development

Counter intuitive discoveries, puzzles that other scientists needed to solve”

Question 14

What are the problems with piagetian theory?

Answer 14

“Underestimate infants, overestimates adolescents

Bague on processes and change mechanics
Does not account for variability(stages are not that clear cut)
Underestimate social and cultural influences”

Question 15

What was the marshmellow test and what did it test?

Answer 15

“Self control. Kids either got a marshmellow now or could wait a bit and get two
The kids who could pass it and get two were the ones good at distracting themselves
They turned out to be more successful in the future
Related to discounting the future?(present bias)”

Question 16

What is the core knowledge theory?

Answer 16

“At birth, infants possess specialized learning mechanisms for certain types (domains) of knowledge
Allows for rapid acquisition of knowledge in specific domains (e.g., knowledge of objects)
- Ex: objects follow continuous paths through space (object continuity); two objects cannot occupy the same space (object solidity)
Specialized learning mechanisms are present for domains that have evolutionary significance/importance
- Ex: knowledge of objects; knowledge of people (infer mental states); knowledge of plants and animals (avoid predators, etc)
Things not evolutionary significant like calculus don’t have a specialised learning mechanism so it’s harder to learn”

Question 17

What do infants learn in the object domain of knowledge(CKT)?

Answer 17

“4.5 month olds have object permanence
Objects can’t move in continuous paths
Objects can’t move through other objects
“

Question 18

What do infants learn in the living thing domain of knowledge(CKT)?

Answer 18

“12-5 month old can tell the difference between animate and inanimate objects
Movement
Growth
But don’t consider plants to be alive until 7 or 8 years of age
Internal parts
Inheritance
Illness
Healing”

Question 19

What do infants learn in the people domain of knowledge(CKT)?

Answer 19

“Naive psychology (the human tendency to believe that we see the world around us objectively, and that people who disagree with us must be uninformed, irrational, or biased)
Theory of mind at 2-5 years old
False belief at 3-5 years old (believing that things aren’t true)”

Question 20

“Learning how to say something correctly, saying it incorrectly and eventually saying it correctly again is an example of:
A) U-shaped grammar curve
B) Universal grammar theory
C) Language development”

Answer 20

a

Question 21

“Which is NOT one of Jean Piaget’s Developmental Stages:
a)Formal Operational
b)Fully Operational
c)Preoperational
d)Sensorimotor”

Answer 21

b

Question 22

“Core Knowledge Theories :
a)Are defined and distinct areas of knowledge
b)Explain why it is easy for children to learn complex math
c)Support the general intelligence approach to cognition and development”

Answer 22

a

Question 23

“Language development is linear:
a)True
b)False”

Answer 23

b