Quiz 1 (lesson 5) Flashcards
What is an interdiscipline?
Bunch of fields coming together to work on a problem
What is the cognitive science historical core?
Historical Core: psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics. These were the most important things when cognitive science first started. Neuroscience was primitive at the time
What is the cognitive science contemporary core?
Contemporary Core: neuroscience. Important now but not in the past
What is the cognitive science secondary fields?
Secondary: education, anthropology. Should be a big part of cog sci but aren’t
What is philosophy?
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved
What is philosophy subject matter?
usually big questions
What are philosophy methods?
thinking & writing(thought experiments, conceptual analysis, argumentation, theorizing from evidence from other fields and common sense observation
What are philosophy critiques?
Don’t pay enough attention to empirical studies. Sometimes think that the existence of a word implies the existence of it’s intended referent. Concerned with too many unimportant problems
What are the philosophy subfields?
Philosophy of mind, philosophy of science and philosophy of language
What is philosophy of mind?
Can machines be conscious. Functionalism vs Identity theory. Which animals feel pain. Qualia
What is philosophy of science?
How its done/practiced and how it should be done/practiced. Philosophy of psychology(the science). What mental categories are scientifically legitimate
What is philosophy of language?
How do words connect to meanings. How can a word refer to something that does not exist(how can the word unicorn mean anything when there are no unicorns)
What is psychology?
Psychology is the science of mind and behavior. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought
What is psychology subject matter?
natural minds(things we did not make)
What are psychology methods?
lab experiments, stat analysis, computer cognitive modeling
What are psychology critiques?
Not enough model building, dust bowl empiricism, Methodologically limited and Underestimates the complexity of language
What are the psychology subfields?
Cognitive psychology, Human Factors / Human-Computer Interaction(HCI), Evolutionary Psychology, Psycholinguistics and Comparative Psychology
True or false: psychology is the largest part of cognitive science?
True.
What is cognitive psychology?
Basic research into human internal mental processes
What is Human Factors / Human-Computer Interaction(HCI)(psy)?
How people psychologically interact with artifacts(ex. User interfaces)
What is evolutionary psychology?
How evolutionary history has made minds what they are
What is psycholinguistics?
Studying language with experiments(how we use words, how we make language)
What is Comparative Psychology?
Animal cognition, sometimes comparing it to humans
What is qualia?
Individual instances of subjective, conscious experience. Examples of qualia include the perceived sensation of pain of a headache, the taste of wine, as well as the redness of an evening sky.
What is linguistics?
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. It involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context, as well as an analysis of the social, cultural, historical, and political factors that influence language
What is linguistics subject matter?
spoken language(+ sign language). Not for computer/animal language, not written language
What are linguistics methods?
sound analysis, grammar creation, corpus analysis
What are linguistics critiques?
Have models that don’t match with how language is generated and don’t respect other research with the mind. Don’t know what’s going on in the other fields
What are the linguistics subfields?
morphology, phonology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics
What is morphology(subfield)?
How sound and meaning interact in word
What is phonology(subfield)?
How sounds are organized and used in language
What is syntax(subfield)?
How sentences may be put together in a language(ex. SVO vs SOV)
What is semantics(subfield)?
Meaning in language(ex. Difference between each and every)
What are pragmatics(subfield)?
How sentences interact with context to change meaning(Can you pass the salt. Sure(doesn’t pass))
What is computer science?
Computer science is the study of algorithmic processes and computational machines. As a discipline, computer science spans a range of topics from theoretical studies of algorithms, computation and information to the practical issues of implementing computing systems in hardware and software.
What is computer science subject matter?
how mental processes can work on machines and how computers can interact with humans
What are computer science methods?
building and testing computer programs
What are computer sciecne critiques?
Insufficiently concerned with natural intelligence and Overly optimistic about the future of AI
What are computer science subfields?
AI and Human-Computer Interaction
What is AI(subfield)?
Building mental processes with computer programs. Understanding and creating mental systems
What is Human-Computer Interaction(cs)?
Designing computer interfaces that people can use
What is neuroscience?
Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. It is a multidisciplinary science that combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, mathematical modeling, and psychology to understand the fundamental and emergent properties of neurons and neural circuits
What is neuroscience subject matter?
how brain processes information and creates cognitive processes
What are neuroscience methods?
neuroimaging, single cell recording, anatomical observation, computer modeling, pharmaceutical effects, genetic analysis
What are neuroscience critiques?
Underestimate the complexity of language, Learn too far towards nature in nature/nurture, Dismissive of other approaches and Can’t shed light on other processes
What is education?
the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university
What is education subject matter?
how people learn and how we can design education to help them do it
What are education methods?
naturalistic observation of case studies, empirical studies
What are education critiques?
Case studies are useless. Too applied and not telling enough about cognitive processes. Controlled studies are poorly done(expensive & hard). Only deal with one part of cognition
What is anthropology?
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, and societies, in both the present and past, including past human species. Social anthropology studies patterns of behaviour, while cultural anthropology studies cultural meaning, including norms and values
What is anthropology subject matter?
social organisation, human culture, enculturation, shared knowledge, situated cognition
What are anthropology methods?
field work, ethnographic observation and interviewing. Empathis on qualitative study
What are anthropology critiques?
Tend to be too far on nurture side for nature vs nurture. Research is too qualitative(too ambiguous), too expensive and does not generalize enough to be useful. They are “splitters”(this is all different) rather than “lumpers”(put things together)
What is cognitive science?
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition. Cognitive scientists study intelligence and behavior, with a focus on how nervous systems represent, process, and transform information
What is cognitive science subject matter?
study of minds and thinking especially at the information processing level
What is the cognitive science methodological definition?
applies methodology from multiple disciplines to multiple problems from the disciplines
“Over time, a society grows and learns that a given berry is toxic. What is a sub-field of cognitive science that would investigate that societal change?
- Psychology
- CS
- Neurology
- Linguistics
- Education
- Anthropology”
Anthropology
“What critiques are commonly leveled against anthropology?
- That it doesn’t concern itself with the impact of a society on those living in it
- It does not generalize well
- That it hyper focuses on the physical aspects of minds without considering what they actually do”
It does not generalize well
“A man suffers a traumatic brain injury, destroying the dorsal stream of his brain. What sub-feild of cognitive science would investigate that injury?
- Psychology
- CS
- Neurology
- Linguistics
- Education
- Anthropology”
Neurology
“What is the hardest sub feild of cogntive science to study?
- Psychology
- CS
- Neurology
- Linguistics
- Education
- Anthropology”
Education
“What is a critique of neuroscience?
a) it is too heavily on the nurture side of the nature vs nurture debate
b) neuroscientists are typically welcoming of other professions
c) it is unable to shed light on areas cognitive science is interested in”
c
“A neuroscientist observes a gene common to individuals who commit mass murder. They come to the false conclusion that that gene has a causal relationship with those events. What criticism commonly given for neurology
could be given of the scientist?
-An under estimation of language
-An overvalue of nature
-Dismissiveness of other fields of study “
An overvalue of nature
“What do the letters HCI stand for?
-Human computer interaction
-Holistic control investigation
-Hyper compulsive interdependency”
Human computer interaction
“An AI begins to perform actions indicative of the fact that it is a conscious being. What sub field of cognitive science would investigate how that occured?
- Psychology
- CS
- Neurology
- Linguistics
- Education
- Anthropology”
Computer science
“A computer programmer creates a simulation that allows for an infinite motion machine when implemented. When tested in reality, however, the machine immediately explodes. What criticism commonly given to computer scientists could be given of the scientist?
-A component of the way minds work was lost in the transfer from neurology to program
-They ignored empirical reality when building their simulation
-It is fundamentally impossible to translate a physical system into a computer system”
They ignored empirical reality when building their simulation
“The most complex work of fiction in terms of vocabulary is written in human history. Would linguists investigate this text?
-Yes
-No
-There is not enough information”
No
“this study relates to which subfield: A group of people from China are observed as they learn French to test the hypothesis that is is hard to learn French if you are a native Chinese speaker because of the conjugations present in the French language.
a) anthropology
b) linguistics
c) psychology”
b
“this subfield of cognitive science is responsible for a lot of controversy in academics:
a) psychology
b) philosophy
c) computer science”
b
“You go to the zoo with your pet shark and see that half of the zookeepers are busy analyzing how chimpanzees shave their armpits, in relation to themselves(humans). What field does this relate to?
a) Comparative psychology
b) Behavioral psychology
c)Ethology”
a
