Quiz 3 Antibiotics - Handout

Question 1

original penicilin was which spectrum

Answer 1

narrow spectrum (G+)

Question 2

what was original penicillin susceptible to

Answer 2

penicillinase (beta-lactamase)

Question 3

original penicillin name

Answer 3

penicillin G and V

Question 4

penicillin drugs that have been altered to be resistant to penicillinase

Answer 4

methicillin, nafcillin

Question 5

later penicillin drugs that have broad spectrum and are susceptible to penicillinase

Answer 5

Ampicillin, amoxicillin

Question 6

enzymes produced by bacteria that break the lactam ring of penicillins and cephalosporins rendering the drug inactive

Answer 6

Beta-lactamase (penicillinase)

Question 7

chemical added to some penicillins to inhibit the activity of beta-lactamase

Answer 7

Clavulanic acid

Question 8

potential metabolic targets

Answer 8

drugs that target cell wall
drugs that target protein synthesis
drugs that target folic acid synthesis
drugs that target DNA or RNA
drugs that target cell membranes

Question 9

drugs that target cell wall

Answer 9

penicillin
cephalosporins
carbapenems
bacitracin
isoniazid
vancomycin

Question 10

this drug blocks formation of peptidoglycan layer

Answer 10

penicillins

Question 11

active Mycobacterium tuberculosis, used in combination with other drugs

Answer 11

Isoniazid

Question 12

narrow spectrum, gram-positives, MRSA, penicillin allergies

Answer 12

Vancomycin

Question 13

Drugs that target protein synthesis

Answer 13

aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
macrolides
clindamycin
linezolid

Question 14

what aminoglycosides prescribed for

Answer 14

Streptomycin: broad spectrum, used to treat infections with gram negative rods

Question 15

tetracyclines are which spectrum

Answer 15

broad spectrum

Question 16

azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin belong into which drug category

Answer 16

macrolides

Question 17

drugs that target folic acid synthesis

Answer 17

sulfonamides
trimethoprim

Question 18

drugs that target DNA and RNA

Answer 18

Fluoroquinolones (quinolones)
rifampin

Question 19

drugs that target cell membranes

Answer 19

polymyxins
daptomycin

Question 20

agents to treat fungal infections

Answer 20

macrolide polyenes
azoles
echinocandins
allylamines

Question 21

macrolide polyenes - drug

Answer 21

amphotericin B

Question 22

injectable form of which drug can be used to treat histoplasmosis and Cryptococcus meningitis

Answer 22

amphotericin B

Question 23

azoles - drugs

Answer 23

ketoconazole, fluconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole

Question 24

azoles (drugs) are which spectrum

Answer 24

broad spectrum

Question 25

echinocandins - drugs

Answer 25

micafungin, caspofungin

Question 26

agents to treat protozoal infections

Answer 26

quinine

Question 27

what is principal treatment for malaria for hundreds of years

Answer 27

quinine

Question 28

quininig has been replaced by which drugs

Answer 28

chloroquine, primaquine

Question 29

chemotherapy for other protozoan infections

Answer 29

metronidazole (flagyl) - widely used amoebicide

Question 30

why is treatment of helminthic infections challenging

Answer 30

because helminths have greater similarities to human physiology

Question 31

how does treatment of viral infections using agents work

Answer 31

by inhibition of virus entry
inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
inhibition of viral assembly/release

Question 32

drug that inhibits the virus entry and what is it prescribed for

Answer 32

fuzeon
blocks HIV infection by preventing binding of viral proteins to cell receptors

Question 33

drugs that inhibit viral nucleic acid synthesis and what are they prescribed for

Answer 33

acyclovir - herpesvirus
AZT - stops action of reverse transcriptase in HIV, blocking viral DNA production