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GBIO205 - Microbiology > Chapter 3 - Bacteria and Archaea > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Bacteria and Archaea Flashcards

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1
Q

(BA) Histones

A

protein that provides structural support for a chromosome

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2
Q

Bacteria Cell External - Appendages

A

Flagella, Pili, Fimbriae and Nanowires/nanotubes

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3
Q

Bacteria Cell External - surface layers

A

S Layer and Glycocalyx

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4
Q

Bacteria Cell Boundary (outer membrane)

A

Cell Wall and Cytoplasmic Membrane

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5
Q

Bacteria - 8 internal structures

A

Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Inclusions
Nucleoid/chromosome
Cytoskeleton
Endospore
Plasmid
Microcompartments

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6
Q

2 components found in all bacteria

A
  1. Cell (Cytoplasmic) Membrane
  2. Bacterial Chromosome or Nucleoid
  3. ribosomes
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7
Q

(BA) what is a thin sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell pool

A

Cell (Cytoplasmic) Membrane

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8
Q

what is bacterial chromosome or nucleoid composed of

A

Composed of condensed DNA molecules

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9
Q

what are bacterial ribosomes composed of // what is it a site of

A

Tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are the sites of protein synthesis

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10
Q

9 components found in only some bacteria

A
  1. fimbriae
  2. outer membrane
  3. cell wall
  4. pilus
  5. glycocalyx
  6. plasmid
  7. flagellum
  8. nanotubes
  9. endospore
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11
Q

Fine, hairlike bristles extending from the bacterial cell surface that help in adhesion to other cells and surfaces

A

Fimbriae

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12
Q

bacterial extra membrane similar to cytoplasmic membrane but also containing lipopolysaccharide

A

outer membrane

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13
Q

(BA) what controls flow of materials - portions of it are toxic to mammals when released

A

outer membrane

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14
Q

semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape for the bacterial cell

A

cell wall

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15
Q

appendage used for drawing another bacterium close in order to transfer DNA to it

A

pilus

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16
Q

(BA) coating or layer of molecules external to the cell wall. It serves protective, adhesive, and receptor functions

A

glycocalyx

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17
Q

(BA) glycocalyx fitting tightly

A

capsule

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18
Q

(BA) glycocalyx fitting loosely and diffusing

A

slime layer

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19
Q

(BA) another term for glycocalyx

A

tan coating

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20
Q

(BA) double stranded DNA circle containing extra genes

A

plasmid

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21
Q

(BA) Specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body that holds a long, rotating filament

A

flagellum

22
Q

Membrane extensions that allow bacteria to transmit electrons or nutrients to other bacteria or onto environmental surfaces

A

nanotubes/nanowire

23
Q

Dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse conditions

A

endospore

24
Q

5 bacterial shapes

A
  1. coccus (round, spherical)
  2. rod/bacillus (cylindrical)
  3. vibrio (curved rods)
  4. spirillum (slightly curled like a corkscrew)
  5. spirochete (spiral) - periplasmic flagella
25
Q

(BA) what is it called when rod is short and plump

A

coccobacillus

26
Q

(BA) diplococcus arrangement

A

two cells

27
Q

(BA) Streptococcus arrangement

A

variable number of cocci in chains

28
Q

(BA) tetrad cocci arrangement

A

cocci in packets of four

29
Q

(BA) irregular clusters - cocci arrangement and example

A

number of cells varies (ex. MRSA)

30
Q

(BA) what are appendages divided into

A

two groups that provide motility (flagella and axial filaments) and attachments points (fimbriae, pili, and nanotubes/nanowires)

31
Q

(BA) capacity of a cell to swim freely through an aqueous habitat

A

motility

32
Q

(BA) helical structure composed of proteins

A

filament

33
Q

(BA) Monotrichous meaning

A

With a single Flagellum

34
Q

(BA) small bunches or tufts or flagella emerging from the same site

A

Lophotrichous

35
Q

(BA) With flagella at both poles of the cell

A

Amphitrichous

36
Q

(BA) flagella are dispersed randomly over the surface of the cell

A

Peritrichous

37
Q

(BA) Chemical Signals (A type of Behavior)

A

Chemotaxis

38
Q

(BA) Type of internal Flagellum that is enclosed between which 2 structures

A

Periplasmic Flagella - between the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane

39
Q

bacterial surface appendages that provide some type of attachment

A

Pilus/Fimbriae

40
Q

(BA) channels used for nutrient or energy exchange

A

Nanotubes/Nanowires

41
Q

(BA) partial transfer of DNA from one cell to another

A

Conjugation

42
Q

(BA) what prevents phagocytosis and makes more pathogens

A

capsule

43
Q

encapsulated bacterial cells generally have greater what

A

disease-causing abilities

44
Q

Bacteria that stain purple are called

A

gram-positive

45
Q

Bacteria that stan red (really pink) are called

A

gram-negative

46
Q

(BA) Different results in the Gram Stain are due to

A

differences in the agents applied to the cell

47
Q

(BA) steps in the gram stain

A
  1. crystal violet
  2. gram’s iodine
  3. alcohol
  4. safranin (red dye)
48
Q

(BA) The Gram-Negative Outer Membrane contains

A

specialized polysaccharides and proteins

49
Q

(BA) each gram-negative outer membrane is a bilayer of

A

phospholipids

50
Q

bacterial/archaea cytoplasmic membrane is a site for

A

energy reactions, nutrient processing, synthesis, transport regulation, discharge of waste

GBIO205 - Microbiology (8 decks)

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