Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GBIO205 - Microbiology > Chapter 1 - Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification

A

Microbiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cellular Microorganisms are

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Fungi
Protozoa
Helminths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acellular Microorganisms are

A

Viruses
Prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Largest to smallest microorganisms

A

Helminths, Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses, and Prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Eukaryotic Cells (nucleus)

A

“true nucleus”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prokaryotes (types, nucleus)

A

Bacteria and Archaea
No true nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Another term for prokaryote cells

A

akaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Accumulation of changes that occur in organisms as they adapt to their environment

A

Evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material, accompanied by the formation of oxygen

A

Photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Biotechnology (3 types)

A

Genetic engineering
Recombinant DNA technology
Bioremediation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Genetic Engineering

A

Manipulates genetics - GMOs creation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Recombinant DNA Technology

A

makes it possible to transfer genetic material from one organism to another and alter DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bioremediation

A

uses microbes already present to clean up toxic pollutants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Any agent that causes disease

A

Pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Any disease caused by a microorganism is termed

A

Infectious disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

New Emerging/Old Emerging Diseases

A

AIDS
Hepatitis C
Zika virus
West Nile Virus
TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gastric ulcers are caused by

A

Helicobacter pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Top causes of death that microorganisms make

A

Pneumonia and Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

6 Steps of Scientific Method

A
  1. Observation
  2. Research
  3. Form Hypothesis
  4. Test Hypothesis
  5. Analyze Data
  6. Communicate Results
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Method used to prevent contamination with microorganisms

A

Aseptic technique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Studies supported by the work of other scientists, became known as

A

Germ Theory of Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Macromolecules (4 types)

A

Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Triglycerides - Function

A

Storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Triglycerides are composed of

A

fatty acids + glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Phospholipids are composed of

A

Fatty acids+glycerol+phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Phospholipids are a major component of

A

cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Waxes are composed of

A

fatty acids + alcohols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Waxes - function

A

waterproofing

29
Q

Steroids are composed of

A

Ringed structure

30
Q

Steroids are found in

A

in membranes of eukaryotes and some bacteria

31
Q

Proteins are formed by

A

chains of amino acids

32
Q

What are enzymes part of

A

part of cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, antibodies

33
Q

which protein serves as structural components and perform metabolic reactions

A

enzyme

34
Q

4 types of nucleic acids

A

Purines, Pyrimidines, DNA, RNA

35
Q

Purines

A

Adenine, Guanine

36
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

37
Q

DNA contains

A

deoxyribose sugar and thymine

38
Q

RNA contains

A

ribose sugar and uracil

39
Q

Different types of RNA

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, genetic material of viruses

40
Q

which diseases have been linked to chronic infections or microbes

A

multiple sclerosis, OCD, coronary artery disease and obesity

41
Q

Virus (composition)

A

DNA or RNA, NEVER both, protein coat and sometimes membrane

42
Q

abiogenesis

A

spontaneous generation of life

43
Q

biogenesis

A

theory that living things arise only from others of same kind

44
Q

cellulose (what is it and where is it found)

A

long, fibrous, polysaccharide
cell wall of plants and many microscopic algae

45
Q

important component of culture media

A

agar

46
Q

chitin (found where)

A

cell wall found in fungi

47
Q

peptidoglycan (component of what)

A

component of bacterial cell wall

48
Q

lipopolysaccharide (component of what)

A

component of gram-negative cell wall

49
Q

protective outer layer that plays role in attachment of cells to other cells

A

glycocalyx

50
Q

phospholipids structure (head/tail)

A

hydrophilic head - negative charge
hydrophobic tail - uncharged

51
Q

what reinforces the cell membrane in animal cells and cell-wall-deficient bacteria

A

cholesterol - sterol

52
Q

protein usually contain how many amino acids

A

minimum of 50 amino acids

53
Q

primary protein structure

A

type, number, and order of amino acids

54
Q

secondary protein structure

A

functional groups interact by forming hydrogen bonds (alpha helix and beta pleated sheet)

55
Q

tertiary protein structure

A

additional bonds between functional groups

56
Q

quaternary protein structure

A

when more than one polypeptide forms a large protein

57
Q

catalysts for all chemical reactions in cells

A

enzymes

58
Q

functional three-dimensional form of protein

A

native state

59
Q

disruption of the native state of a protein through application of heating agents

A

denatured protein

60
Q

pairing of nitrogen bases (DNA)

A

adenine pairs with thymine
guanine pairs with cytosine

61
Q

4 fundamental Characteristics of cells

A

protoplasm in cell membrane
chromosomes containing DNA
Ribosomes for protein synthesis
Complex in function

62
Q

Eukaryotic cells are found in

A

Animals, plants, fungi, and protozoa

63
Q

The science of classifying living being is

A

Taxonomy

64
Q

“Naming”- the assignment of scientific names to the various taxonomic categories and to individual organisms

A

Nomenclature

65
Q

orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy

A

Classification

66
Q

the process of discovering and recording the traits of organisms so that they may be recognized or named and then classified

A

Identification

67
Q

Taxonomic Categories from top to bottom

A

o Domain
o Kingdom
o Phylum/Division
o Class
o Order
o Family
o Genus
o Species

Dear King Philp Came Over For Good Soup

68
Q

The Scientific Name

A

genus + species

69
Q

The Scientific Name capitalization and abbreviation

A

genus is capitalized
species part begins with a lowercase letter
both should be italicized (and underlined if handwriting)

GBIO205 - Microbiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions