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Microbiology > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

Quiz 3

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Psychrophiles

A

0-20°C

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2
Q

Psychrotrophs

A

0-35°C

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3
Q

Mesophiles

A

15-45°C

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4
Q

Thermophiles

A

45-80°C

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5
Q

Hyperthermophiles

A

65-113°C

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6
Q

Cardinal temperatures

A

Rage that a particular bacterium grows in. Minimum, optimum and maximum temperatures.

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7
Q

Prodigiosin

A

Pigment on Serratia marcescens that changes depending on temperatures. (red)

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8
Q

What are the major effects that heat may have on a cell?

A

It can disrupt membranes and transport systems by melting the lipids in the membrane.

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9
Q

What is Botulism and name a bacteria that can cause it

A

Deadly form of food poisoning

Clostridium botulinum. It exists in either spores or vegetative cells.

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10
Q

pH

A

measure of acidity.
The lower its value the more acid the food.
Acid foods contain enough acid to block the growth of bacteria or destroy them more rapidly when heated.

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11
Q

Citric Acids

A

Added to foods in an effort to lower their pH and prevent spoilage or toxin formation.

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12
Q

Acidophiles

A

pH 0-5.5

Ferroplasnma spp

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13
Q

Neutrophiles

A

pH 5.5-8.0

E.coli

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14
Q

Alkaliphiles

A

pH 8.0-11.5

Bacillus alcalophilus

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15
Q

Buffer

A

Chemical added to growth media to prevent shifts in the pH of the media

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16
Q

osmosis

A

Net movement of water molecules across semi-permeable membrane, from low solute to high solute.

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17
Q

Hypertonic

A

More solutes outside of the cell

Water will move out of the cell in order to create equal osmotic pressure.

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18
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Cell shrinkage in a hypertonic solution.

Water moves out of the cell so it shrinks

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19
Q

Hypotonic

A

More solutes inside the cell.

Water will move into the cell.

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20
Q

Lysis

A

During a hypotonic solution. Water moves into the cell causing it to expand = lysis.

21
Q

Isotonic

A

Balanced solute concentration on both sides. In and out of cell.

22
Q

Halophiles

A

Will grow in higher than 3% NaCl

23
Q

Extreme halophiles

A

Require very high salt concentration. Up to 30%.

Found in the Dead Sea etc.

24
Q

Osmotolerant

A

Bacteria that have adapted mechanisms to survive in a wider range of osmotic environments.

25
Q

Aerobes

A

Require oxygen

26
Q

Anaerobes

A

Cannon survive in the presence of oxygen.

27
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Can grow with or without oxygen.

28
Q

Microaerophiles

A

Prefer a reduced oxygen atmosphere.

29
Q

Aerotolerant

A

Do not use oxygen, but are not killed by it.

30
Q

Fluid Thioglycollate Medium

A

FTM
It permits growth of anaerobic bacteria
Growth patterns can help distinguish aerotolerance and oxygen requirements of bacteria.
Thioglycollate is the oxygen reducing agent

31
Q

Resazurin

A

The chemical indicator in FTM. The pinkish color indicates presence of oxygen.

32
Q

Anaerobe Jar System

A

Permits the growth of anaerobic and facultative bacteria.
The sachet reduces oxygen in the container and produces carbon. The plates are put in the jar. The sachet is opened, and oxygen indicator is placed in the jar and then jar is immediately closed.

33
Q

Mannitol Salt Agar

A

MSA is a selective and differential media. Contains 7% NaCl. very high salt concentration.
It makes it selective for bacteria that can grow at higher salt.
GPCs
It also has sugar mannitol, which some bacteria use via fermentation. A by-product of fermentation is acid which has a low pH. So the phenol red pH indicator in the MSA will turn yellow if the bacteria utilized the mannitol.
Used for id of Staphylococcus aureus (BSL2)

34
Q

Phenol red

A

pH indicator in MSA media. Its yellow at low pH and red at high pH. So, bacteria that produced acid (formations by using the mannitol) will turn the media yellow. Bacteria that can grow in salt will grow but the media will remain red. Bacteria that can grow in in high salt and use the mannitol will turn the media yellow. So, S. aureus will turn the MSA media yellow.

35
Q

MacFarland

A

Standard method that uses a prepared test tube of a specific turbidity. Then, you would prepare a broth of the bacterium to be tested to the same turbidity.

36
Q

Sensitive
Resistance
Intermediate

A

The diameter of the zone of inhibition is measures and the size determines if the bacteria is S, R or I.
The size and interpretation is specific to each bacteria-antibiotic pair and is references in a chart.

37
Q

Aerobe from stock bacteria

A

Pseudomonas flourescens

38
Q

Facultative anaerobic from lab

A

Escherichia coli

39
Q

Produced prodigiosin during lab

A

Serratia marcescens

40
Q

Bacterium that is Halophilic

A

Staphylococcus aureus

41
Q

New stock bacteria

A

o Alcaligenes viscolactis (GNR)
o Citrobacter freundii (GNR)
o Enterobacter aerogenes (GNR)
o Moraxella catarrhalis (GNC)

42
Q

Turbidity

A

Absorbance or Optical Density of the sample

43
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Stops bacterial growth

44
Q

Bacteriocidal

A

Kills bacteria

45
Q

Antiseptic

A

Stops or slows down growth.

On the body

46
Q

Disinfectant

A

Kills, slow growth. May not kill spores, viruses or fungi

On nonliving surfaces

47
Q

Sterile

A

Free from ALL bacteria or other living organisms

48
Q

Sanitizer

A

To reduce disease-causing microbes to safe levels.

49
Q

Phenol coefficient

A

Measure of the disinfecting power of a germicidal solution in relation to phenol. 1.0 means the chemical agent is as effective as phenol.

Microbiology (12 decks)

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