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Microbiology > Exam 1 Important concepts > Flashcards

Exam 1 Important concepts Flashcards

Important concepts

1
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Contributes to virulence of parasitic protists

Outermost boundary that comes into contact with environment.

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2
Q

Cytoplasmic membrane

A

Bilayer of phospholipids and proteins.

Selectively permeable barrier in transport

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3
Q

Algae

A 
Photoautotrophic protist
Cell wall (except Euglena)
Chloroplasts
Macroscopic and Microscopic
Plankton
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4
Q

Protozoa

A

Heterotrophic
No cell wall
unicellular, colonies are rare
flagella, cilia, pseudopodia

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5
Q

HAB

PSP

A

Harmful Algal Bloom. Red tides

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning. can be deadly

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6
Q

How do we categorize algae?

A

Cell wall
Pigmentation
Organization
Importance

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7
Q

Cytoplasm of protozoa?

A

Divided into ectoplasm and endoplasm

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8
Q

Trophozoite

A

Active feeding stage of protozoa

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9
Q

Cyst

A

Dormant stage of protozoa

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10
Q

Schizogony

A

Asexual reproduction of protozoa
Cyst undergoes Schizogony
multinucleate cell to multiple uninucleate cells
Entaemoeba histolytica

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11
Q

Plasmotomy

A

Asexual reproduction of protozoa
multinucleate cell to multinucleate cells
Giardia

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12
Q

Encystment

A

Cyst formation

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13
Q

Excystment

A

Cysts burst

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14
Q

Mastigophorans

A

most form cysts
Flagella
Giardia, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Trichomonas

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15
Q

Amoebas

A 
Pseudopodia
also called Sarcodina
some have flagellated reproductive states
Asexual reproduction by fission
Entamoeba histolytica
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16
Q

Ciliophorans

A 
Cilia
division by transverse fission
well developed mouth and feeding organelle
advanced behavior
Balantidium coli
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17
Q

Apicomplexans

A 
nonmotile
asexual and sexual stages
sporozoites
oocysts
ALL are parasitic
Plasmodium, Taxoplasma, Cryptosporidium
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18
Q

Formite

A

Object that can be used to transfer microbes microbes

After some else has touched it

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19
Q

Hemoflagellates

A

Vector born

Blood parasites

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20
Q

Oocyst

A

Thick walled zygotes in apicomplexans

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21
Q

Obligate organism

A

it NEEDS a host to complete life cycle

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22
Q

Macroscopic fungi

A

mushrooms, puffballs

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23
Q

Microscopic fungi

A

Hyphae - mold

Yeats- dimorphic, round shape

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24
Q

Mycoses

A

Fungal infections

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25
Q

Hyphae

A

Thread like cells that make up fungi or molds

Mycelia- made up of hyphae

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26
Q

Yeast

A

Asexual reproduction
oval shape
budding

27
Q

Saprobes

A

fungi that live off dead plants and animals

28
Q

Sporangiospores

A

Formed in sporangium.

Released when sporangium ruptures

29
Q

Conidiospores

A

Free spores, not enclosed

30
Q

Zygomycota

A

Sporangiospores
Hyphae nonseptate
some conidia
Rhizopus, Mucur

31
Q

Ascomycota

A 
Conidia
Hyphae with septa
LARGEST phylum
molds and yeasts
Penicillum, Aspergillus, Candida, Saccharomyces, Coccidioides
32
Q

Basidiomycota

A

Conidia
septate hyphae
fleshy fruiting bodies
mushrooms, puffballs

33
Q

Most common plant pathogen?

34
Q

True fungal pathogen

A

It causes disease in humans

35
Q

Opportunistic pathogen

A

causes disease in compromised patients

36
Q

Thermal dimorphism

A

Grow as molds 30C

Grow as yeast 37C

37
Q

Dermatophytes

A

May be undergoing transformation into true pathogens

38
Q

Primary mycoses

A

enter by respiratory portal

inhaled spores

39
Q

Subcutaneous fungal disease

A

Inoculated skin
trauma
occurs after puncture wound introduces fungus deep into tissue

40
Q

Superficial fungal disease (mycoses)

A

Contamination of skin surface

extremely shallow epidermal colonization

41
Q

Virulence factors

A

Dimorphisms
characteristic of organism to attach or invade
inflammatory stimulants
toxin-like substances

42
Q

Cutaneous fungal disease (mycoses)

A

Involves stratum, corneum and sometimes upper dermis

43
Q

Systematic mycoses

A

fungus invades lungs and other sites into circulation. Leads to infection of brain. kidneys and other organs

44
Q

Microbiology

A

Study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification

45
Q

Biotechnology

A

branch that utilizes actions of living things to create a desired product. Harvest microbes to produce vaccines.

46
Q

Viruses

A

Acellular
parasitic particles
nucleic acid
protein

47
Q

Genetic engineering

A

Manipulating the genes of organisms to make new products

48
Q

Bioremediation

A

Using live organisms to remedy environmental probelm

49
Q

Pathogen

A

Microbes that do harm

50
Q

Spontaneous generation

A

Early belief that forms of life could arise from non living matter

51
Q

Theory of Biogenesis

A

Proved that living things can only arise from other living things.
Louis Pasteur

52
Q

Hypothesis

A

Tentative explanation

53
Q

Law or principle

A

If evidence of a theory is so compelling that confidence is reached.

54
Q

Theory

A

If hypothesis is supported by growing body of evidence.

55
Q

Sterility

A

Elimination of all life forms including endospores and viruses.

56
Q

Germ Theory of Disease

A

Many diseases are caused by the growth of microbes in the body and not by sins, bad character or poverty.

57
Q

Taxonomy

A

organizing and naming living things

58
Q

Nomenclature

A

assigning names

59
Q

Phylogeny

A

Natural relatedness between groups of organisms

60
Q

Evolution

A

All new species originate from preexisting species.
Closely related organisms have similar features because they evolved from common ancestors
Usually progresses toward greater complexity

61
Q

Bacteria (domain)

A

Prokaryotes known as true bacteria

62
Q

Archaea (domain)

A

Prokaryotes that are unique bacteria that live in extreme environments. High salt, heat etc.

63
Q

Eukarya (domain)

A

Have a membrane bound nucleus and organelles

Microbiology (12 decks)

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