- Common foodborne illness - Rice, beans, foods from the soil - 24-hour duration, not serious - Spores survive cooking and reheating

- Anaerobic - Puncture Wounds - Rusty nail Neuromuscular Death by paralysis of breathing muscles

- Neurological damage - Strict parasite - Hansen's disease - Armadillos

- Contamination of consumer products - Tylenol infection - Saline - Has been popping out a lot more - 4-year-old baby

- A lot of strains - Most prevalent enteric bacillus - Enterohemorrhagic or STEC Shiga toxin-producing

- Foodborne illness - Can get from eggs, chickens - Cross contamination (turkey wrapper) - The organism itself makes you sick - Does not produce toxins that will stay in the food - Typhoid fever - enteric fevers

- Asymptomatic carriers - Typhoid Mary - Invasive diarrhea that leads to septicemia

Bacteria Master Flashcards by Lidia Espino

Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococci
Few gram+ cocci in the intestines
Sometimes used as a fecal indicator in cold or brackish water, frozen and other foods
They can survive better in cold, unlike E. coli.
VRE resistant
Sometimes we test for this because it can survive cold better

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VRE

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Small infectious dose
Urgent threat
Rates are increasing
Many antibacterial resistant

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Neisseria meningitidis

Bacterial
Contagious
Capsule
Fimbriae
College age group
Vaccine

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Bacillus cereus

Common foodborne illness
Rice, beans, foods from the soil
24-hour duration, not serious
Spores survive cooking and reheating

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Clostridium perfringens

Gas gangrene
Distintict smell
Soft tissue and wound infections
Necrosis
Alpha toxins
Leeches can help
Also a foodborn illness
Can grow in banquet food from anaerobic conditions
2nd most common cause of food illness
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Clostridium tetani

Anaerobic
Puncture Wounds
Rusty nail
Neuromuscular
Death by paralysis of breathing muscles

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Clostridium difficile CDAD

Urgent threat
Has increased over the last 10 years
Fatality up 400%
Antibiotic-associated colitis
Pseudomembranous colitis
Fecal transplants

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Clostridium botulinum

Rare
Canned foods
Paralysis
Botulism
Neutral pH a risk factor for food
Anaerobic
Infant botulism (honey)
Wound botulism (LA county issue, needle heroin use)

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Listeria monocytogenes

Increase the past 5 years, better techniques
Grows in refrigerator
Heat resistant
HIgher fatality rate
Affects pregnant women
Soil, water, intestines
Lunch meat, cheese,
Jalisco cheese

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Antibiotic resistance
1/3 of the population has it
Waxes that prevent the destruction

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Mycobacterium leprae

Neurological damage
Strict parasite
Hansen’s disease
Armadillos

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Lived in disinfectant because of capsule
Many infections
Swimmers ear
Hospital-acquired infection
50% fatality rate
UTI
Increased in resistance
Folliculitis
Brazil model

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Burkholderia cepacia

Contamination of consumer products
Tylenol infection
Saline
Has been popping out a lot more
4-year-old baby

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Legionella pneumophilia

Ubiquitous
Disneyland water sprinkler
Water droplets with protists
Legioners disease
Seco hall closed because of it
Aerosols are what gets you sick

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Enterobacteriaceae family

GNR with intestines
Enterotoxins
A common cause of large bowel of animals
CRE (carbapenem-resistant)
Urgent

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Escherichia coli

A lot of strains
Most prevalent enteric bacillus
Enterohemorrhagic or STEC Shiga toxin-producing

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Enterohemorrhagic or Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli

E. coli O157:H7
Most common of STECs
Bloody diarrhea
KIdney damage
Very virulent
HUS permanent kidney failure

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Salmonella

Foodborne illness
Can get from eggs, chickens
Cross contamination (turkey wrapper)
The organism itself makes you sick
Does not produce toxins that will stay in the food
Typhoid fever
enteric fevers

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Typhoid fever

Asymptomatic carriers
Typhoid Mary
Invasive diarrhea that leads to septicemia

Shigella

Invasive
Bloody Diarrhea
Incapacitating Dysentery
Shiga toxin
5 million cases
Invade villus of the large intestine

Yersinia pestis

The plague
Endemic in CA
Spread by fleas in rats
Bubonic plague
Pneumonic plague

Bubonic Plague

Fleas and rats

Can’t pass to another human

Pneumonic plague

Passes person to person

More serious because it can spread human to human

Treponema pallidum

- Syphilis - Human in the natural host - MSM population - Blindness - Primary, secondary, tertiary

Leptospira

Leptospirosis - Vaccine for pets - Lakes that are contaminated - Hawaii has a big problem with this - People are getting sicker from it - SIgnificant increase and will continue - Associated with poor

Borrelia burgdorferi

- Lyme disease - Bullseye rash - Bad quality of life

Vibrio cholerae

- Can die within 24 hours - Rice water stool - The toxin causes dehydration at a cellular level

Vibrio parahaemalyticus

- Less serious but more common - Raw shellfish - gastroenteritis similar to cholera

Vibrio vulnificus

- Necrotizing fasciitis | - Raw shellfish

Campylobacter

- Maybe most common food illness - Low Infectious Dose - carried by birds - fecal-oral - 1 in 1000 develop Guillain Barre Syndrom

Helicobacter pylori

- Ulcers - Gastric pathogen - cofactor in stomach cancer

Cyanobacteria

- Important in the nitrogen cycle - Fossils 3.8 million years - Responsible for earths atmosphere - Chlorophyll a

Anoxygenic Phototrophic bacteria

- They don't produce O2 as a by product - Photosynthetic - Bacteriochlophyll - Uses different wavelengths of light than cyanobacteria

Myxobacteria

- Myxospores resistant to desiccation, heat and UV | - Gliding and fruiting bacteria

Actinomycetes

- Fungal like - Used as antibiotics - Hyphae - Mycelium - Ex. streptomyces

Streptomyces

- 2/3 of antibiotics are produced by these organisms - Produce geosmin earthy smell - Can produce 100k antimicrobial compounds

Bifidobacterium bifidum

- 1st colonizer of intestinal tract from breast milk | - Probiotic agent

Deinococcus radiodurans

- Most resistant bacteria known | - Can survive 3-5 million rad

Caulobactor

- Budding appendage bacteria - Prostheca or flower like structures - Strongest biological adhesive

Rickettsias

- Obligate intracellular parasites - Vectored by ticks, fleas and lice - R. thyphi - Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Endemic typhus

- Rackettsia - mice and rats - Endemic: flea - Epidemic: lice - in LA endemic

Rickettsia rickettsia

- Rocky mountain spotted fever - High fatality rate - Circulatory system - spotted rash - Dog tick

Bartonella henselae

- Cat-scratch disease - 2-14 year olds - Emerging in AIDS patient

Chlamydia trachomatis

- 1.5 million cases in the US - 15-24 year olds - Obligate intracellular - Cannot produce ATP - Reticulate (non-infectious, dividing) and elementary (infectious) bodies developmental cycle

Mycoplasma pneumonia

- No cell wall - fried egg Walking pneumonia

Trachoma

- Chlamydia - Leading cause of preventable blindness - hand-to-hand, towels

Bdellovibrio

- Predatory bacteria | - Important example of diversity

Bacteria Master Flashcards

Exam 4