Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Bacteria Master > Flashcards

Bacteria Master Flashcards

Exam 4

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Enterococcus faecalis

A
  • Enterococci
  • Few gram+ cocci in the intestines
  • Sometimes used as a fecal indicator in cold or brackish water, frozen and other foods
  • They can survive better in cold, unlike E. coli.
  • VRE resistant
  • Sometimes we test for this because it can survive cold better
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

VRE

A

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A
  • Small infectious dose
  • Urgent threat
  • Rates are increasing
  • Many antibacterial resistant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A
  • Bacterial
  • Contagious
  • Capsule
  • Fimbriae
  • College age group
  • Vaccine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bacillus cereus

A
  • Common foodborne illness
  • Rice, beans, foods from the soil
  • 24-hour duration, not serious
  • Spores survive cooking and reheating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A
  • Gas gangrene
  • Distintict smell
  • Soft tissue and wound infections
  • Necrosis
  • Alpha toxins
  • Leeches can help
  • Also a foodborn illness
  • Can grow in banquet food from anaerobic conditions
  • 2nd most common cause of food illness
    I
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clostridium tetani

A
  • Anaerobic
  • Puncture Wounds
  • Rusty nail
    Neuromuscular
    Death by paralysis of breathing muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clostridium difficile CDAD

A
  • Urgent threat
  • Has increased over the last 10 years
  • Fatality up 400%
  • Antibiotic-associated colitis
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Fecal transplants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A
  • Rare
  • Canned foods
  • Paralysis
  • Botulism
  • Neutral pH a risk factor for food
  • Anaerobic
  • Infant botulism (honey)
  • Wound botulism (LA county issue, needle heroin use)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A
  • Increase the past 5 years, better techniques
  • Grows in refrigerator
  • Heat resistant
  • HIgher fatality rate
  • Affects pregnant women
  • Soil, water, intestines
  • Lunch meat, cheese,
  • Jalisco cheese
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A
  • Antibiotic resistance
  • 1/3 of the population has it
  • Waxes that prevent the destruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A
  • Neurological damage
  • Strict parasite
  • Hansen’s disease
  • Armadillos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A
  • Lived in disinfectant because of capsule
  • Many infections
  • Swimmers ear
  • Hospital-acquired infection
  • 50% fatality rate
  • UTI
  • Increased in resistance
  • Folliculitis
  • Brazil model
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Burkholderia cepacia

A
  • Contamination of consumer products
  • Tylenol infection
  • Saline
  • Has been popping out a lot more
  • 4-year-old baby
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

A
  • Ubiquitous
  • Disneyland water sprinkler
  • Water droplets with protists
  • Legioners disease
  • Seco hall closed because of it
  • Aerosols are what gets you sick
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Enterobacteriaceae family

A
  • GNR with intestines
  • Enterotoxins
  • A common cause of large bowel of animals
  • CRE (carbapenem-resistant)
  • Urgent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Escherichia coli

A
  • A lot of strains
  • Most prevalent enteric bacillus
  • Enterohemorrhagic or STEC Shiga toxin-producing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Enterohemorrhagic or Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli

A
  • E. coli O157:H7
  • Most common of STECs
  • Bloody diarrhea
  • KIdney damage
  • Very virulent
  • HUS permanent kidney failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Salmonella

A
  • Foodborne illness
  • Can get from eggs, chickens
  • Cross contamination (turkey wrapper)
  • The organism itself makes you sick
  • Does not produce toxins that will stay in the food
  • Typhoid fever
  • enteric fevers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Typhoid fever

A
  • Asymptomatic carriers
  • Typhoid Mary
  • Invasive diarrhea that leads to septicemia
21
Q

Shigella

A
  • Invasive
  • Bloody Diarrhea
  • Incapacitating Dysentery
  • Shiga toxin
  • 5 million cases
  • Invade villus of the large intestine
22
Q

Yersinia pestis

A
  • The plague
  • Endemic in CA
  • Spread by fleas in rats
  • Bubonic plague
  • Pneumonic plague
23
Q

Bubonic Plague

A

Fleas and rats

Can’t pass to another human

24
Q

Pneumonic plague

A

Passes person to person

More serious because it can spread human to human

25
Q

Treponema pallidum

A
  • Syphilis
  • Human in the natural host
  • MSM population
  • Blindness
  • Primary, secondary, tertiary
26
Q

Leptospira

A

Leptospirosis

  • Vaccine for pets
  • Lakes that are contaminated
  • Hawaii has a big problem with this
  • People are getting sicker from it
  • SIgnificant increase and will continue
  • Associated with poor
27
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A
  • Lyme disease
  • Bullseye rash
  • Bad quality of life
28
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A
  • Can die within 24 hours
  • Rice water stool
  • The toxin causes dehydration at a cellular level
29
Q

Vibrio parahaemalyticus

A
  • Less serious but more common
  • Raw shellfish
  • gastroenteritis similar to cholera
30
Q

Vibrio vulnificus

A
  • Necrotizing fasciitis

- Raw shellfish

31
Q

Campylobacter

A
  • Maybe most common food illness
  • Low Infectious Dose
  • carried by birds
  • fecal-oral
  • 1 in 1000 develop Guillain Barre Syndrom
32
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A
  • Ulcers
  • Gastric pathogen
  • cofactor in stomach cancer
33
Q

Cyanobacteria

A
  • Important in the nitrogen cycle
  • Fossils 3.8 million years
  • Responsible for earths atmosphere
  • Chlorophyll a
34
Q

Anoxygenic Phototrophic bacteria

A
  • They don’t produce O2 as a by product
  • Photosynthetic
  • Bacteriochlophyll
  • Uses different wavelengths of light than cyanobacteria
35
Q

Myxobacteria

A
  • Myxospores resistant to desiccation, heat and UV

- Gliding and fruiting bacteria

36
Q

Actinomycetes

A
  • Fungal like
  • Used as antibiotics
  • Hyphae
  • Mycelium
  • Ex. streptomyces
37
Q

Streptomyces

A
  • 2/3 of antibiotics are produced by these organisms
  • Produce geosmin earthy smell
  • Can produce 100k antimicrobial compounds
38
Q

Bifidobacterium bifidum

A
  • 1st colonizer of intestinal tract from breast milk

- Probiotic agent

39
Q

Deinococcus radiodurans

A
  • Most resistant bacteria known

- Can survive 3-5 million rad

40
Q

Caulobactor

A
  • Budding appendage bacteria
  • Prostheca or flower like structures
  • Strongest biological adhesive
41
Q

Rickettsias

A
  • Obligate intracellular parasites
  • Vectored by ticks, fleas and lice
  • R. thyphi
  • Rocky Mountain spotted fever
42
Q

Endemic typhus

A
  • Rackettsia
  • mice and rats
  • Endemic: flea
  • Epidemic: lice
  • in LA endemic
43
Q

Rickettsia rickettsia

A
  • Rocky mountain spotted fever
  • High fatality rate
  • Circulatory system
  • spotted rash
  • Dog tick
44
Q

Bartonella henselae

A
  • Cat-scratch disease
  • 2-14 year olds
  • Emerging in AIDS patient
45
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A
  • 1.5 million cases in the US
  • 15-24 year olds
  • Obligate intracellular
  • Cannot produce ATP
  • Reticulate (non-infectious, dividing) and elementary (infectious) bodies developmental cycle
46
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia

A
  • No cell wall
  • fried egg
    Walking pneumonia
47
Q

Trachoma

A
  • Chlamydia
  • Leading cause of preventable blindness
  • hand-to-hand, towels
48
Q

Bdellovibrio

A
  • Predatory bacteria

- Important example of diversity

Microbiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions