Exam 2. Helminths

Question 1

Ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 1

Most common in helminth infection in the world
over 2 million in US
2 billion in the world
Worms retain motility and do not attach

Question 2

Necator americanus

Answer 2

Hookworm
Eggs hatch in the soil
worm burrows through the skin
cough/swallow
curved ends and hooked mouths 
Anemia if blood loss is significant

Question 3

Enterovirus vermicularis

Answer 3

Pinworm
Most common in the US 20-40 million
Prevalent in children 
Not reportable
tape test
can survive 2-3 weeks
self-inoculation is common

Question 4

Trichinella spirallis

Answer 4

Pigs eating garbage
Alaska has a big risk because of animals they eat
Life cycle entirely within the mammalian host
Larvae encysted in animal muscle during infective stage
No cure after larva has encysted
Eosinophils

Question 5

Trematodes flukes

Answer 5

Schistosoma - blood fluke

Clinorchis - liver fluke

Question 6

Schistosoma

Answer 6

More common fluke
90% in Africa, 27 million children
Increased as water came in
Difficult to control because the intermediate host is a snail
Stages: Miracidium, sporocyst & redia, cercaria, metacercaria

Question 7

Clonorchis

Answer 7

Liver fluke
cercaria burrows into fish, then person eats fish
15 million in China
1-4k eggs a day

Question 8

Cercaria dermatitis

Answer 8

Swimmers itch
Schistosoma that usually attacks birds
It burrows through the skin and dies because we are not the right host
Michigan, Minnesota more concern because of lakes

Question 9

Tapeworms

Answer 9

cestode
unsegmented
Scolex, proglottids
Taenia saginata, T. solium

Question 10

Cysticercosis

Answer 10

Human is an intermediate host instead of pig
Leading cause of epilepsy in children in LA
Maids are infected and kids ingest the embryonated eggs
Difficult to control because we rely on other’s hygiene
Can also give ourselves an autoinfection from bad hygiene