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Microbiology > Exam 2. Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Exam 2. Chapter 7 Flashcards

Nutrition of bacteria

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Macronutrients

A

Required in large quantities

Proteins and carbs

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2
Q

Micronutrients

A

Required in small amounts
Trace elements
organic or inorganic
Manganese, Zinc, Nickel, Copper

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3
Q

Organic nutrients

A

Contain carbon and hydrogen

Carbs, lipids, proteins, methane, nucleic acids

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4
Q

Inorganic nutrients

A

Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen

metals, salts, gases, and water

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5
Q

Growth Factors

A

Organic compounds that cannot be synthesized by the organism
Must be provided as a nutrient
essential amino, vitamins
things that specific organisms might need

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6
Q

Heterotroph

A

must obtain carbon in an organic form made by other living organisms as proteins, carbs, lipids

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7
Q

Autotroph

A

An organism that uses CO2 an inorganic gas as its carbon source

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8
Q

Chemotroph

A

gain energy from the breakdown of chemical compounds

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9
Q

Phototrophs

A

gain energy through photosynthesys

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10
Q

Photoautotrophs

A

Eukaryote
Oxygenic photosynthesis
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Euglena

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11
Q

Chemoautotroph

A

survive totally on inorganic substances
only in bacteria
methanogens

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12
Q

Methanogens

A

Archaea

produce methane gas under anaerobic conditions

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13
Q

Chemoheterotroph

A

eukaryote
saprobe
parasites

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14
Q

Photoheterotroph

A

bacteria or archaea only

sunlight or organic matter

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15
Q

Active/passive transport

A

Same as eukaryote cell

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16
Q

Barometric pressure

Barophiles

A

Survive at really high pressure
at the bottom of the ocean
can’t survive when they come up and exposed to normal atmospheric pressure

17
Q

Mesophiles

A

pathogens will usually be mesophiles because that is body temperature
The bottom of ocean organisms would probably not be able ti thrive in our body.

18
Q

Capnophile

A

Need CO2
grows best at high carbon dioxide
many pathogens need CO2

19
Q

Mutualisms

A

Obligatory
both are dependent on each other for survival
both are benefiting
bacteria in our gut

20
Q

Commensalism

A

Commensal member benefits
other membrane neither harmed or benefited
could change because just them being there prevents other orgsanisms from having space to grow. that is helping us to avoid pathogens

21
Q

SPONCH

A 
Sulfur
Phosphorous
Oxygen
NItrogen
Carnon
Hydrogen
22
Q

Biofilm

A

Form extra polymeric substances put a coating to their outside. it protects them

23
Q

Quorum sensing

A

bacteria communicate and cooperate in the formation and function of biofilms

24
Q

Binary fission

A

parent cells enlarges
duplicate its chromosomes
forms a central transverse septum dividing the cell into two daughter cells

25
Q

Binary fission

A

parent cells enlarge & duplicate its chromosomes

forms a septum dividing the cell into two daughter cells

26
Q

Generation time

A

The minimum amount of time to grow
doubling time
as short as 20 minutes
from minutes to days

27
Q

Exponential growth

A

Each new fission cycle increases by a factor of 2

28
Q

Population growth curve

A

population display a predictable pattern over time

29
Q

Lag phase

A

The flat period of adjustment
enlargement, little or no grow
length depends on conditions of bacteria and environment
depends on media, longer or shorter period
If we were testing for intestinal organisms (coliform) How happy are intestinal organisms in cold water that were tested in? what if we put them in a harsh media? incubated at a different temperature? EMB?
Organisms can get bigger in size because it’s getting ready to undergo binary fission

30
Q

Exponential growth phase

A

Doubling, everything is doubling
generation time
transformation happens here
continues as long as adequate nutrients

31
Q

Stationary phase

A 
Build up of waste product
running out of nutrients 
No increase in numbers
some bacteria die and release nutrients which allows others to grow 
growth=death
32
Q

Death phase

A 
A lot more waste build up, 02 is too low
endospores forming
Mutation
organisms that can survive in this environment
so, a number of organisms will survive
33
Q

Viable but not culturable

A

We should use injury recovering techniques to get these organisms to grow
It is still alive but they won’t grow
injured organisms
we aren’t expecting many of these in milk since milk is a friendly environment
If we put them in a different environment they might grow

34
Q

Coliforms

A

Gram-, non-spore forming, facultative anaerobe, rods, ferment lactose with the presence of gas
We test milk for this because it indicates there are feces in the milk, meaning there could be other stuff
intestinal organisms

35
Q

Survival phase

A

Genetically different organisms
endospore-forming
viable but not culturable

Microbiology (12 decks)

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