Chapter 1. Important people

Question 1

Dr. Edward Jenner

Answer 1

1st one to understand idea of vaccines
Pioneer of smallpox vaccine
cow-milkmaid experiment. Inoculated a boy with scraping from milkmaids blisters and it worked on him

Question 2

John Tyndall

Answer 2

Demonstrated presence of heat resistance forms of microbes

Initial evidence

Question 3

Ferdinand Cohn

Answer 3

Also demonstrated the presence of heat resistant forms of microbes.
Clarified why heat sometimes fail
He determined these forms to be bacterial endospores

Question 4

Joseph Lister

Answer 4

Introduced aseptic techniques to prevent wound infections

• Use of heat to sterilize
• Disinfection of hands using chemicals prior to surgery

Question 5

Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes

Answer 5

Observed that mothers of home births had fewer infections than those who gave birth in hospitals.

Question 6

Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis

Answer 6

Correlated infections with physicians coming to the maternity ward straight from autopsy rooms.

Question 7

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 7

Linen merchant
1st to observe microbes
Created a single lens microscope up to 300x
Drew sketches of what he saw

Question 8

Robert Koch

Answer 8

Established Koch’s postulates : a sequence of steps that verified the germ theory.
Identified organism that causes cholera, TB and anthrax
Developed pure culture methods we use today.
Developed techniques to isolate organisms
Isolated cholera
Won the Nobel prize

Question 9

Louis Pasteur

Answer 9

“Father of microbiology”
Disproved spontaneous generation by proving the theory of biogenesis.
Showed that microbes cause fermentation and spoilage
Figured out a way to prevent wine/beer from becoming vinegar
chemist
Demonstrated Germ Theory of Disease (microbes can be the cause of disease)
While Edward Jenner did invent the 1st vaccine for small pox. Pasteur improved it by finding a way to artificially weaken the disease.