Quiz #3 Flashcards
What refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgement on the law and the facts?
original jurisdiction
The 3 levels of state court jurisdiction are:
limited, general and appellate
Legislative courts are courts that are created by?
congress
One situation where the US Supreme Court must rule is when an act of Congress has been found unconstitutional in a lower federal court
true
What is NOT one of the four purposes of the first appearance?
to allow defendants the opportunity to have access to exhibits of evidence
Which of the following terms describes the release of an accused person from custody upon his or her promise to appear in court as required?
first appearance
What does ROR stand for?
Release on Recognizance
Justin Bieber has been arrested on 3 counts of felonious celebrity obnoxiousness: 1 for urinating in restaurant mop buckets, 2. speeding in residential neighborhoods and 3. sporting crappy body art. Before his trial, he signs a document saying the courts can seize his houses and cars if he does not show up for his court dates. This describes what kind of alternative to bail
property bond
The primary purpose of preliminary hearings is to:
give the defendant an opportunity to challenge the legal basis for their detention
A hearing before a court having jurisdiction in a criminal case I which the identity of the defendant is established, the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and where the defendant may enter a plea is known as an arraignment
true
What would most likely be resolved in a community court?
Charlie Sheen selling alcohol and drugs to minors
Nolo Contendere means “No plea at this time”
false
The money or property pledged to the court or actually deposited with the court to effect the release of a person from legal custody is known as:
Bail
The territory, subject matter or people over which a court or other justice agency may exercise lawful authority, as determined by statue or constitution is known as:
jurisdiction
The person in the courtroom responsible for sentencing offenders is the?
judge
The person in court who argues in favor of a conviction is the?
prosecutor
The person in court who tests the strength of prosecution’s case is the?
defense attorney
The court officer whose duties are to keep order in the courtroom, to secure witnesses, and to maintain physical custody of the jury is the?
baliff
A written order issued by a judicial officer or grand jury requiring an individual to appear in court and to give testimony or to bring material to be used as evidence is known as a?
subpoena
There were 3 types of defense counsel discussed in class: private attorneys, court appointed counsel and public defenders
true
The process by which prospective jurors are questioned about their backgrounds and potential biases before being chosen to sit on a jury is known as:
voir dire
Evidence that proves a fact without requiring the judge or jury to draw inferences is known as:
direct evidence
While out shopping, The Kardashians saw a car hit a pedestrian. Kim Kardashian was the only one who saw the drivers face. During trial Kim is asked to recall the events and describe the person driving the car. What non-professional courtroom role does Kim play in the trial?
lay witness
Evidence that is indirect and requires a judge or a jury to make inferences and to draw conclusions is known as:
circumstantial evidence
The oral evidence offered by a sworn witness stand during a criminal trial is known as:
testimony
The 2 sided structure under which American criminal trial courts operate that pits the prosecution against the defense in theory, justice is done when the more effective adversary is able to convince the judge or jury that his or her perspective on the case is the correct one is known as?
adversarial system
Who is responsible for summoning members of the public for jury duty and subpoenaing witnesses for the prosecution and the defense?
The clerk of the court
The federal speedy trial act allows for the dismissal of charges when the prosecution does not seek indictment within 30 days of arrest, or when a trial does not begin within how many working days after indictment
the clerk of the court
The most widely used system of indigent defense involves:
public defender programs
High level appellate courts are also referred to as:
courts of last resort
A formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, usually a felony, is known as an:
indictment
What is NOT part of the structure by states that follow the federal court model?
special purpose courts
What is NOT one of the things the defendant does?
determine what evidence will be permitted in court
Prosecutors steer witness testimony “For the People”
true
Participants in a criminal trial can be divided into 3 categories: non-professionals and semi- professionals
false
There were 3 types of guilt discussed in: factual guilt, legal guilt and total guilt
false
Direct evidence may consist of information found in photographs or videotapes
true
Weapons, tire tracks, ransom notes and fingerprints are examples of real evidence.
true
3 advantages of a professional jury are dependability, knowledge and equity
true
What is not an alternative to bail?
nolo contendere
