Ch.4 Notes Flashcards
What are the four basic purposes of policing a democratic societies?
- Enforce the laws
- apprehend criminal offenders
- prevent crime
- preserve peace
Establishment going and 1285 to aid constables in their law enforcement effort
Watch and ward system
What did the invention of gin do?
The invention of gin provoked a more organized effort toward the establishment of public policing in the 17th and 18th century
What happened when people called the “new police” came around?
They were not immediately popular because they were seen as an unnecessary encroachment into lives of land owners
What were the three main problems with early policing?
- Low pay
- disrespect
- effectiveness
What were three major innovations in early policing?
- Patrol car
- two way radio
- telephone
What were the three levels of police?
- Local
- state
- federal
And for state laws exclusively highway patrol is primary activity
State police
Everything someone will call police department for
Release management
What are the two categories with them please agencies that people generally fall into?
Line operations and staff operations
Field or supervisory activities directly related to daily police work
Line operations
Include support roles such as administration
Staff operations
Order of authority within the department
Chain of command
What are characteristics of good police work?
Attentiveness reliability responsiveness competence manners fairness
Process of discovering collecting preparing identifying and presenting evidence determine what happened and who was responsible
Criminal investigation
Proactive approach to the problem of crime anticipation recognition an appraisal of crime rates in initiation of action to remove or reduce it
Crime prevention
Focuses police resources on geographic area showing significant criminal activity
Hotspot policing
Quantitive techniques are applied to crime data in an effort to identify likely targets for police intervention in an effort to prevent criminal activity
Predictive policing
Minor Violations petty crimes that demoralize residents and business people by creating disorder or by reflecting social decay
Quality-of-life offenses
Idea based on the notion that physical to K such as litter and abandoned buildings can breed disorder in a community and lead to crime by signaling that laws are not being enforced
Broken windows
Municipal departments rural sheriffs department and specialized group such as campus police in transit police
Local agencies
Law-enforcement officer who is trained and empowered to perform full police duties such as making arrests conducting investigations and carrying firearms
Sworn officers
A city or town based law enforcement agency
Municipal Police Department
What are the three styles of policing
Watchmen
legalistic
service
Elected public officials whose agencies are responsible for law-enforcement throughout the countries in which they function
Sheriff
Independent or proprietary commercial organizations that provide protective services to employers on contractual basis
Private protective services
Dedicated to increasing the effectiveness of productivity and security professionals
American society for industrial security (ASIS)
International law-enforcement support organization that began operations in 1946 and today has 182 member nations
Interpol (International criminal police organization)
Integrated police intelligence gathering and information dissemination arm of the member nations of the European Union
Europol (European police office)
Illegal immigration in which an agent is paid to help a person cross the border
Human smuggling
Exploitation of unwilling or unwitting people three force coercion threat or deception
Trafficking in persons (TIP)
Number of police personnel or the number of units supervised by a particular officer
Span of control
Concerned with achieving a goal “order maintenance”
Watchmen style of policing
Policing enforce the letter of the law
- departments may take hands off approach disruptive or problematic behavior that does not violate the criminal law
Legalistic style of policing
Strives to meet the needs of the community and servicemembers the police even sells more as helpers that the soldiers in the war crime
Service style policing
Area of police activity that recognizes the need for the community and the police to work together effectively and is based on the notion that the police derive their legitimacy from the community they serve
Police community relations (PCR)
Officers were assigned semi-permanently to particular neighborhoods where they were expected to become the familiar with the inhabitants in with their problems and concerns
Team policing
What are the three generic kinds of corporate strategies guide American policing
Strategic
problem solving
community policing
Emphasizes and increased capacity to deal with crimes that are not well controlled by traditional methods
Strategic policing
Many crimes are caused by existing social conditions in the communities
Problem-solving policing
Describe his partnership between police and community so that they can work together on solving problems of crime and disorder
Community policing
To funnel federal funding to state or local law-enforcement agencies
Law-enforcement assistance administration (LEAA)
Natural outgrowth of the alley LEAA’S insistence that every funded program contain a plan for its evaluation
Scientific police management
What experiment focused on the practice of preventative control
The Kansas City experiment
Police management strategy designed to increase the productivity of patrol officers through the scientific analysis and evaluation of patrol techniques
Directed patrol
These of the best available research on the outcomes of police work to implement guidelines and evaluate agencies units and officers
Evidence-based policing
Opportunity of law-enforcement officers to exercise choice in their daily activities
Police discretion
