Quiz 3

Question 1

Which of the following statements best expresses the position of most health psychologists on the mind-body issue?

Answer 1

The mind and body are clearly linked.

Question 2

Which trait theorist is correctly matched with the number of basic personality dimensions proposed in his theory?

Answer 2

Hans Eysenck; 3

Question 3

A man asks you for $10 as you walk down the street. You refuse. He asks you for $2. You give it to him. The man has used the __________ compliance technique.

Answer 3

door-in-the-face

Question 4

Mrs. Linley is a middle school math teacher. She provides constant, consistent feedback on her students’ math assignments. She wants her students to have faith in their abilities to produce positive outcomes. Mrs. Linley is trying to develop her students’:

Answer 4

self-efficacy

Question 5

Which of the following sequences correctly orders the stages of general adaptation syndrome, from first to last?

Answer 5

alarm > resistance > exhaustion

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE of the characteristics of various personality disorders?

Answer 6

People with borderline personality disorder rely on relationships to define their identity.

Question 7

The difference between the psychoanalytic perspective and the behavioral perspective on psychological disorders is that:

Answer 7

the behavioral perspective views the abnormal behavior itself as the problem

Question 8

Perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits or personality factors are called _________ causes.

Answer 8

dispositional

Question 9

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect a contribution of the learning approach to personality?

Answer 9

Such approaches have increased our appreciation of individuals’ complex inner lives.

Question 10

________ is a behavioral treatment for anxiety in which people are confronted either suddenly or gradually with a stimulus they fear.

Answer 10

Flooding

Question 11

Which of the following sequences correctly arranges Gordon Allport’s trait categories from the most specific to the broadest?

Answer 11

secondary > central > cardinal

Question 12

Therapy in which the goal is to reach one’s potential for self-actualization is known as __________ therapy.

Answer 12

person-centered

Question 13

_________ therapy seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious, where patients may deal with the problems more effectively.

Answer 13

Psychodynamic

Question 14

Which of the following was a significant finding in studies conducted by Asch on conformity?

Answer 14

Conformity is considerably higher when people must respond publicly.

Question 15

_________ is a statistically based approach that observes what behaviors are rare, or occur infrequently in a specific society or culture, and labels those deviations from the norm “abnormal”.

Answer 15

Abnormality as deviation from the average

Question 16

Social psychology is the scientific study of:

Answer 16

how people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others

Question 17

________ is a form of therapy that reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing an unpleasant stimulus with undesired behavior.

Answer 17

Aversive conditioning

Question 18

An ad agency creates two ads for a particular car. One stresses the car’s safety and gas mileage; the other simply shows how fun it is to drive. The first ad relies on the ________ route to persuasion; the second, on the ________ route.

Answer 18

central; peripheral

Question 19

__________ was developed by Freud in which the goal is to release hidden unconscious thoughts and feelings in order to reduce their power in controlling behavior.

Answer 19

Psychoanalysis

Question 20

Which of the following is found to be the least successful coping method for dealing with stress?

Answer 20

Avoidant coping

Question 21

Today, most psychologists:

Answer 21

dispute Eysenck’s 1952 position on the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

Question 22

People sometimes stop even trying to cope with stress if they feel that they have no control over the bad things that happen to them. This state is referred to as:

Answer 22

learned helplessness

Question 23

Which approach to personality takes the most optimistic view of people’s nature–that individuals are essentially “good”?

Answer 23

Humanistic

Question 24

Which of the following statements best describes the nature of the id, ego, and superego in Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 24

The id, ego, and superego are abstract conceptions of a general model of personality and do not correspond to physical parts of the brain.

Question 25

The fundamental attribution error is very common because:

Answer 25

of the nature of information available to the people making an attribution

Question 26

_________ is the process by which communal groups and individuals exert pressure on an individual, either deliberately or unintentionally.

Answer 26

Social influence

Question 27

_______ refers to a negative (or positive) evaluation of a particular group and its members.

Answer 27

Prejudice

Question 28

Which term indicates the ability of a test to measure what it is actually designed to measure?

Answer 28

validity

Question 29

Humanistic psychologists suggest that people are consciously motivated to reach their maximum potential, each in a unique way; that is, people have a fundamental drive toward:

Answer 29

self-actualization

Question 30

Which of the following sequences best captures the "stress cycle," from the beginning to the end of one cycle?

Answer 30

stressor > stress > coping > adaptation

Question 31

Which of the following is TRUE of defense mechanisms?

Answer 31

Defense mechanisms permit people to avoid stress by acting as if the stress were not even there.

Question 32

Which of the following is a true statement about happy people?

Answer 32

They feel more in control of events in their lives.

Question 33

Sally was irritated as her cell phone got switched off due to low battery. This is an example of a:

Answer 33

background stressor

Question 34

A graduate student using a statistical method of identifying associations among a large number of variable to reveal more general patterns. She is performing a _________ analysis.

Answer 34

factor

Question 35

Which of the following is TRUE of dissociative disorders?

Answer 35

In dissociative identity disorder, an individual displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities.

Question 36

Which of the following occurs when the recipient thoughtfully considers the issues and arguments involved in persuasion?

Answer 36

central route processing

Question 37

Which of the following is a suitable way of handling transference?

Answer 37

The therapist can take advantage of transference to help the patient "redo" difficult relationships.

Question 38

Andy visits his family doctor because he displays symptoms of depression. The doctor conducts an examination and deduces the root cause as achemical imbalancein his brain. In this scenario, which perspective on psychological disorders does Andy's doctor use?

Answer 38

Medical perspective

Question 39

Which of the following is true of resilient people?

Answer 39

They are likely to be genetically predisposed to produce chemicals that can moderate the effects of cortisol.

Question 40

________ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional notions about the world and themselves.

Answer 40

Cognitive

Question 41

If you are exhibiting the self-serving bias, which statement would be your most likely explanation for a poor grade on the test?

Answer 41

"The professor doesn't know how to teach."

Question 42

According to Carl Rogers, people experience anxiety when:

Answer 42

their self-concept is at odds with their experience.

Question 43

Sets of cognitions about people and social experiences are called:

Answer 43

schemas

Question 44

In the _________ technique, someone makes a large request, expects it to be refused, and follows it with a smaller one.

Answer 44

door-in-the-face

Question 45

According to the sociocultural perspective on psychological disorders, which of the following factors is viewed as a possible cause of abnormal behavior?

Answer 45

Poverty

Question 46

Blanche is extremely interested in politics and believes an upcoming election is very important to the future. Blanche would most likely be persuaded by a campaign message relying on the __________ route to persuasion.

Answer 46

central

Question 47

Which of the following statements is TRUE of groupthink?

Answer 47

Under groupthink, members lose the ability to critically evaluate alternative points of view.

Question 48

The results of Rosenhan's classic study illustrate that:

Answer 48

placing labels on individuals powerfully influences the way mental health workers perceive and interpret their actions.

Question 49

_________ is the process in which the behavior of other people is modeled to systematically teach people new skills and ways of handling their fears and anxieties.

Answer 49

Observational learning

Question 50

Psychologists have found that prejudice and discrimination may be reduced by:

Answer 50

educating people about other groups

Question 51

Which of the following therapies emphasizes the challenges of irrational, unrealistic beliefs?

Answer 51

Rational-emotive behavior therapy

Question 52

_________ treatment approaches make use of the basic processes of learning, such as reinforcement and extinction, and assume that normal and abnormal behaviors are both learned.

Answer 52

Behavioral

Question 53

The Type B behavior pattern is characterized by:

Answer 53

patience

Question 54

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect a contribution of the learning approach to personality?

Answer 54

Such approaches have increased our appreciation of individuals' complex inner lives.

Question 55

_________ is a disorder in which a person typically alternates between periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression.

Answer 55

Bipolar disorder

Question 56

The ego operates according to the _________ principle in which instinctual energy is restrained to maintain the individual's safety and to help integrate the person into society.

Answer 56

reality

Question 57

The mental conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts is known as:

Answer 57

cognitive dissonance

Question 58

________ refers to the pattern of enduring characteristics that produce consistency and individuality in a given person.

Answer 58

Personality

Question 59

Intense, irrational fear of specific objects or situations is referred to as:

Answer 59

phobias

Question 60

_________ is a treatment in which a trained professional--a therapist--uses psychological techniques to help someone overcome psychological difficulties and disorders, resolve problems, in living, or bring about personal growth.

Answer 60

Psychotherapy

Question 61

The underlying meaning of a dream which is the TRUE unconscious meaning of the dream is called __________ content.

Answer 61

latent

Question 62

Samantha began to feel dizzy while she was shopping with her friends. Although the weather was quite cold, she began sweating heavily. Her friends took her to a doctor but he could not identify the reason behind her symptoms. According to the given scenario, which of the following is Samantha most likely suffering from?

Answer 62

Panic disorder

Question 63

Which of the following major anxiety disorders is correctly paired with its appropriate symptoms?

Answer 63

Generalized anxiety disorder: persistent, uncontrollable, "free-floating" anxiety

Question 64

_________ refers to a negative (or positive) evaluation of a particular group and its members.

Answer 64

Prejudice

Question 65

Which of the following statements best describes the nature of the id, ego, and superego in Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 65

The id, ego, and superego are abstract conception of a general model of personality and do not correspond to physical parts of the brain.

Question 66

Which of the following Freudian notions appears to have been supported in current research?

Answer 66

Unconscious processes contribute to dreams and implicit memory.

Question 67

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding patients' preference for male or female physicians?

Answer 67

Patients prefer same-sex physicians

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT one of the "Big Five" personality dimesions?

Answer 68

Psychoticism

Question 69

Paige has a somatic symptom disorder. This means that:

Answer 69

she misinterprets minor symptoms as evidence of serious illness.

Question 70

Family practitioners believe each of the following statements EXCEPT:

Answer 70

individual members of a family may be treated successfully in isolation.

Question 71

Which approach to personality emphasizes the role played by self-efficacy?

Answer 71

Bandura's social cognitive approach

Question 72

What do the id and the superego have in common?

Question 73

In determining the causes of others' behavior, we overemphasize ________ factors; this is the ________.

Answer 73

dispositional; fundamental attribution error

Question 74

In __________, symptoms develop slowly and subtly.

Answer 74

process schizophrenia

Question 75

When compared to a one-sided message, a two-sided message is:

Answer 75

more persuasive

Question 76

According to Freud, the ________ stage is a stage form birth to age 12 to 18 months in which an infant's center of pleasure is the mouth.

Answer 76

oral

Question 77

_________ refers to a change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people.

Answer 77

Conformity

Question 78

In order to protect herself from experiencing anxiety, Nancy is attributing her own unacceptable aggressive impulses to another individual. Nancy is using a:

Answer 78

defense mechanism

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the strengths of the cognitive approach to treatment?

Question 80

In Asch's study on conformity, what percentage of the subjects conformed at least once when they knew their answer to be FALSE?

Answer 80

75%

Question 81

The strategy of preparing for stress before it happens is termed _________ coping.

Answer 81

proactive

Question 82

Which alternative correctly names the psychologist often associated with a given social influence concept?

Answer 82

Obedience--Milgram

Question 83

Which of the following would qualify as an example of a cataclysmic event?

Answer 83

Being stranded in an earthquake affected area

Question 84

Patients diagnosed with ________ account for by far the largest percentage of those hospitalized with psychological disorders

Answer 84

schizophrenia

Question 85

Which of the following statements accurately identifies either a strength or a limitation of the psychoanalytic perspective on psychological disorders?

Answer 85

Limitation: There is no conclusive way to link childhood experiences with abnormal adult behavior