CH. 12: "Psychological Disorders"

Question 1

What does abnormal behavior cause in people?

Answer 1

people to experience distress and prevents them from functioning in their daily lives

Question 2

medical perspective

Answer 2

the perspective that suggests that when an individual displays symptoms of abnormal behavior, the root cause will be found in a physical examination of the individual

Question 3

psychoanalytic perspective

Answer 3

suggests abnormal behavior stems from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression

Question 4

behavioral perspective

Answer 4

looks at the rewards and punishments in the environment that determine abnormal behavior

Question 5

cognitive perspective

Answer 5

suggests people’s thoughts and beliefs are a central component of abnormal behavior

Question 6

humanistic perspective

Answer 6

emphasizes the responsibility people have for their own behavior, even when such behavior is abnormal

Question 7

sociocultural perspective

Answer 7

assumes people’s behavior, both normal and abnormal, is shaped by the society and culture in which they live

Question 8

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)

Answer 8

a system used by most professionals to classify and define psychological disorders

Question 9

What kind of approach does the DSM-5 take?

Answer 9

an atheoretical approach

Question 10

atheoretical approach

Answer 10

not relying on any particular theoretical perspectives

Question 11

What are the benefits of the DSM-5?

Answer 11

1. provides a descriptive system
2. allows communication between mental health professionals of diverse backgrounds and theoretical approaches
3. enables researchers to explore the causes of a problem
4. provides shorthand through which professional can describe the behaviors that tend to occur together in an individual

Question 12

What are the shortcomings of the DSM-5?

Answer 12

1. after an initial diagnosis, mental health professionals may overlook other diagnostic possibilities

Question 13

anxiety disorder

Answer 13

the occurrence of anxiety without an obvious external cause that affects daily functioning

Question 14

specific phobia

Answer 14

intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations

Question 15

panic disorder

Answer 15

anxiety disorder that takes the form of panic attacks lasting from a few seconds to several hours

Question 16

What complication do some people with panic disorders develop?

Answer 16

agoraphobia

Question 17

agoraphobia

Answer 17

the fear of being in a situation in which escape is difficult

Question 18

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 18

the experience of long-term, persistent anxiety and worry

Question 19

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 19

a disorder characterized by obsessions or compulsions

Question 20

obsession

Answer 20

a persistent unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring

Question 21

compulsion

Answer 21

an irresistible urge to repeatedly carry out some act that seems strange and unreasonable

Question 22

somatic symptom disorders

Answer 22

psychological difficulties that take on physical (somatic) form, but for which there is no medical cause

Question 23

illness anxiety disorder

Answer 23

a constant fear of illness and a preoccupation with health

Question 24

conversion disorder

Answer 24

a major somatic symptom disorder that involves an actual physical disturbance

Question 25

What is an example of conversion disorder?

Answer 25

the inability to use a sensory organ or the complete or partial inability to move an arm or leg

Question 26

dissociative disorders

Answer 26

psychological dysfunctions characterized by the separation of different facets of a person's personality that are normally integrated

Question 27

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 27

a person displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities

Question 28

dissociative amnesia

Answer 28

a disorder in which significant, selective memory loss occurs

Question 29

dissociative fatigue

Answer 29

a form of amnesia in which the individual leaves home suddenly and assumes a new identity

Question 30

mood disorder

Answer 30

a disturbance in emotional experience that is strong enough to interfere in everyday living

Question 31

major depressive disorder

Answer 31

a severe form of depression that interferes with concentration, decision making, and sociability

Question 32

mania

Answer 32

an extended state of intense, wild elation

Question 33

biopolar disorder

Answer 33

a disorder in which a person alternates between periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression

Question 34

How do genetic and biological causes manifest in major depressive disorders?

Answer 34

forms of major depression run in some families

Question 35

How do internal, unconscious conflicts manifest in major depressive disorders?

Answer 35

feelings of loss or anger directed inwardly

Question 36

How do environmental causes manifest in major depressive disorders?

Answer 36

the stressors of life produce a reduction in positive reinforcers

Question 37

How do cognitive and emotional causes manifest in major depressive disorder?

Answer 37

learned helplessness, faulty cognitions, and blunting of emotional reactions

Question 38

schizophrenia

Answer 38

a class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs

Question 39

process schizophrenia

Answer 39

symptoms develop slowly and subtly

Question 40

reactive schizophrenia

Answer 40

symptoms are sudden and conspicuous

Question 41

What are the two types of symptoms DSM-5 classifies symptoms of schizophrenia as?

Answer 41

1. positive-symptom schizophrenia 2. negative-symptom schizophrenia

Question 42

positive-symptom schizophrenia

Answer 42

disordered behavior such as hallucination, delusions, and emotional extremes

Question 43

negative-symptom schizophrenia

Answer 43

disruptions to normal emotions and behaviors

Question 44

personality disorder

Answer 44

characterized by a set of inflexible, maladaptive behavior patterns that keep a person from functioning appropriately in society

Question 45

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 45

individuals show no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or other's rights

Question 46

borderline personality disorder

Answer 46

characterized by problems with regulating emotions and thoughts, displaying impulsive and reckless behavior

Question 47

narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 47

a personality disturbance characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance

Question 48

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 48

a disorder marked by inattention, impulsiveness, low tolerance for frustration, and a great deal of inappropriate activity

Question 49

autism spectrum disorder

Answer 49

a severe developmental disability that impairs children's ability to communicate and relate to others

Question 50

asperger's syndrome

Answer 50

a variant of autism spectrum disorder in which individuals often function at a high level but may experience emotions atypically and may have difficulty with everyday social interactions

Question 51

psychoactive substance-use disorder

Answer 51

relates to problems that arise from the use and abuse of drugs

Question 52

What are the 3 types of eating disorders?

Answer 52

1. anorexia nervosa 2. bulimia 3. bing-eating disorder

Question 53

What are the 3 types of sexual disorders?

Answer 53

1. sexual desire disorders 2. sexual arousal disorders 3. paraphilic disorders

Question 54

comorbidity

Answer 54

the appearance of multiple, simultaneous psychological disorders in the same person