Quiz 2 Flashcards
_____ is the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual.
attachment
Somatic is to autonomic what _____ is to _____.
voluntary; involuntary
What is true of sensory memory?
Sensory memory can store an almost exact replica of each stimulus to which it is exposed.
A teratogen is:
an environmental agent that can produce a birth defect
A researcher develops a questionnaire to assess the personality trait of impulsivity among adults. In a journal article, she presents evidence that college students tend to get essentially the same score if they take the test twice, two months apart. She also presents the average score, the highest score, and the lowest score obtained by two large samples: one of 2,000 college students, and one of 750 community-dwelling noncollege adults. However, when you look at the sample questionnaire items she included in the article, it seems to you that they relate more to whether a person is sociable, outgoing, and fun than to whether an individual is impulsive. You are questioning the _____ of the researcher’s questionnaire.
validity
To stop baby Rudy fussing for a sharp knife on the kitchen table, Rudy’s mother put it in her apron pocket. “Out of sight, out of mind” she said, and it worked. Rudy’s mother has capitalized on his lack of the concept of:
object permanence
An infant is considered preterm if it is born before week:
38
What is true of cross-sectional research?
It compares people of different ages at the same point in time.
Baby Lisa automatically turns her head in the direction of a touch on the cheek. This is the _____ reflex.
rooting
The neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in:
movement, attention, and learning
Etta is taking an intelligence test based on Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory. How is Etta’s performance likely to be scored?
She will receive a score for each of eight types of intelligence.
According to Piaget, mastery of the principle of conservation marks the beginning of the _____ stage of development.
concrete operational
Inhibitory is excitatory what _____ is to _____.
GABA; glumate
You toss a newly purchased felt mouse across the floor; your cat chases it excitedly. Clutches it in her paws and rolls around with it. Several tosses later, your cat yawns pointedly and settles herself for a nap. The change in your cat’s behavior illustrates:
habituation
Alison has developed an interest in ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body affect behavior. She should become a:
behavioral neuroscientist
Dona is a graduate student investigating the development of fine motor skills. She selects a group of children and assesses their fine motor skills every six months over a two-year period. In this example, Dona is using a ________ research method.
longitudinal
_______ is the space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron by using chemical messages.
synapse
Walter’s parents strongly believe that Walter should make his own decisions, so they set very few rules regarding homework, bedtime, and household chores. Since they believe that freedom and responsibility are important, they patiently tolerate all of Walter’s behavior, whether childish or mature. The parenting style adopted by Walter’s parents is called:
permissive
Ralph is preparing a report on his academic field trip to a manufacturing plant. He is trying to remember each event of the trip in the order in which it occurred to prepare an accurate report in a presentable form. Which of the following memory tasks is Ralph using?
recall
A typical multiple-choice question on a psychology test is an examples of both a _____ and an _____ test of memory.
recognition; explicit
Elizabeth is 5 years old, and she likes to help her mother when it is time for supper. However, her mother is often quick-tempered at the end of the day, scolding Elizabeth when she tries to help. Her mother finds that she can get things done more quickly if Elizabeth stays out of the way. Based on Erikson’s theory, Elizabeth may develop:
feelings of guilt
From the late teens into the mid-20s, individuals are in a transitional phase that developmental psychologists call _____ adulthood.
emerging
Rebecca takes her 1-year-old son, Adam, to visit an infant-toddler program in which she hopes to enroll him. Adam appears very anxious and is unwilling to explore and play with the toys, even though Rebecca is close by. When Rebecca leaves the room to fill out some forms, Adam becomes extremely upset and remains inconsolable. When Rebecca returns, Adam stays close to her, holding onto her leg. However, Adam makes it very clear he does not want her to touch him or pick him up. In fact, he starts kicking and hitting her. In the context of the findings of Mary Ainsworth, which term best describes Adam’s attachment style?
Ambivalent
Dawn is 1 week old. In the context of the stages of development suggested by Piaget, which stage of development is Dawn in?
Dawn–sensorimotor
The basic elements of the nervous system are called:
neurons
Laura and Celia are identical twins. They were adopted at birth by different families and raised in different environments. However, there are a lot of behavioral similarities between them. In the context of developmental psychology, what best explains this phenomenon?
Their similarities reflect the influence of nature on development.
You cannot fire a gun softly, or flush a toilet halfway. Like action potential, a gun fire and a toilet’s flush follow the ____ law.
all-or-none
An axon is a:
long, slim, tube-like structure extending from a neuron.
Early psychologists argued that g represented general intelligence. According to these psychologists, individuals good at numerical tests:
are generally good on all tests.
Harry Harlow completed a number of studies in which baby rhesus monkeys were raised with two artificial mothers. One of the mothers was made of wire and delivered food; the other was made of cloth and provided no food. Harlow found that when the infant monkeys were startled or frightened, they:
preferred the cloth surrogate that did not provide food.
______ intelligence is the set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of one’s mental state.
Emotional
Two children are participating in a memory research: Heather, a preschooler, and Illeana, a sixth-grader. When the children fail a recall task, the researcher asks each child what she might do to succeed at the task the next time. Heather suggests that she would simply try again; Illeana proposes that she might try to write the items down. The difference in the girls’ responses most clearly illustrates an increase in _____ during childhood.
metacognitive ability
______ stimulus is a stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned.
Unconditioned
Which major intelligence concept is related to information, skills, and knowledge learned through experience?
crystallized intelligence
Baby Lisa automatically turns her head in the direction of a touch on the cheek. This is the _____ reflex.
rooting
According to Erikson, people engage in the process of life review in the _______ stage.
ego-integrity vs. despair
Learning reflects ______. Maturation reflects _______.
nurture; nature
The state in which there is a negative electrical charge of about -70 millivolts within a neuron is known as the _______ state.
resting
If MA stands for mental age and CA for chronological age, then the formula for the intelligence quotient score as Binet defined it is:
MA/CA x 100
What sequence accurately reflects the order of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, from birth through adolescence?
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational
According to Erikson, people enter the generativity-veresus-stagnation stage during:
middle adulthood
Jody is completing a test in which she has to name as many states capitals as she can in one minute. Alex is trying to complete analogies between pairs of abstract diagrams. Jody is taking a test of _____, whereas Alex, a test of_____.
crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence
The central nervous system is composed of _______. The peripheral nervous system comprises _______.
the brain and the spinal cord; the somatic autonomic nervous systems
Clarissa’s mother was 38 years old when she gave birth to her. Clarissa suffers from an intellectual disability and doctors have diagnosed that her condition was due to the extra chromosome that she had received at the time of conception. Identify the condition afflicting Clarissa.
down syndrome
Intelligence that reflects the ability to reason abstractly is termed _______ intelligence.
fluid
Based on Harlow’s research with monkeys, identify what would prove to be most effective in comforting a frightened infant or child?
Touching or holding the child
The first two weeks of a pregnancy, from conception to implantation, are known as the _______ period.
germinal
According to the text, a positive feature of Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences is:
that it has led to the development of intelligence tests that allow test takers to be creative
Which technique of developmental researchers requires a significant expenditure of time as the researcher waits for the participants to get older?
longitudinal research
Laura is 8; her performance on a series of tasks is equivalent to that of the average 10-year-old. Her intelligence quotient is:
125
