Quiz 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Integumentary system
A
glands, hair, fur, wool, feathers, scales, claws, beaks, horns, hooves, nails
2
Q
cutane/o
derm/o
dermat/o
A
skin
3
Q
skin 3 layers
A
- epidermis (keratin & melanin)
- dermis AKA corium
- subcutaneous AKA hypodermis (fat ‘adip/o)
4
Q
sebaceous glands
A
seb/o = oil
5
Q
sweat glands AKA sudoriferous
A
hidr/o = sweat
anhidrosis
hyperhidrosis
6
Q
ceruminous glands
A
cerumen wax (modified sweat glands)
7
Q
hair
A
pil/i or pil/o
trich/o
follicles = sacs holding hair fibers (which are made of keratin)
8
Q
fur terms
A
fur = fine, short
pelt = skin + hair
guard hairs = long, stiff, outer coat
undercoat = finer, wavy hair
tactile hair/vibrissae = whiskers
cilia = eyelashes
simple vs compound hair growth = one follicle per guard hair (cow) or multiple hairs single follicle (dog)
9
Q
nails/claws/hooves
A
cover distal phalanx
quick = dermal layer
vestigial = rudimentary
dewclaw = rudimentary bone
chestnut = vestigial pad on medial equine leg
ergot = vestigial pad on hair tuft on fetlock
onych/o = claw
ungul/o = hoof
10
Q
horns vs antlers
A
horns = permanent, grow continuously
antlers = shed and regrown annually
11
Q
biospy
A
removal of living tissue for examination
12
Q
intradermal skin testing
A
injection of test substance into skin for reaction
atopy = hypersensitive reaction
13
Q
abrasion
A
superficial layers of skin scraped
14
Q
contusion
A
no skin broken
15
Q
abscess
A
pus collection
16
Q
alopecia
A
hair loss
17
Q
cellulitis
A
CT inflammation
18
Q
carcinoma
A
malignant neoplasm of epithelial tissue
19
Q
lipoma
A
benign fat cell growth
20
Q
melanoma
A
tumor or pigmented cells
21
Q
sarcoma
A
malignant neoplasm of soft tissue coming from CT
22
Q
hyperkeratosis
A
abnormal growth of horny layer of skin
23
Q
mange
A
mite skin disease
24
Q
laceration
A
accidental cut
25
onychomycosis
superficial fungal infection of claw
26
pallor
skin paleness
27
paronychia
bacteria/viral infection of tissue around claw
28
pruritus
itching
29
pyoderma
skin disease with pus
30
purulent
containing/producing pus
31
sebaceous cyst
closed sac of yellow fatty material
32
cauterization
destroy tissue through heat
33
cryosurgery
destory tissue through cold
34
debridement
remove tissue + foreign material
35
lance
pierce to drain
36
integumentary abbreviations
bx = biopsy
ID = intradermal
SQ, SC = subcutaneous
37
erythema
skin redness
38
infestation
parasites on external skin surface
39
putrefaction
foul smelling decay
40
seborrhea
overproduction of sebum
41
scale
skin flake
42
necrotic
dead tissue
43
ulcer
erosion of tissue
44
dermatophytes
superficial skin fungi
45
cornification
converting epithelium into keratin
46
gangrene
necrosis from loss of cirulation
47
ecchymyosis
bruise
48
urticaria
hive
49
acute moist dermatitis
hot spot
50
polled
hornless
51
cicatrix
scar
52
furuncle
boil
53
verrucae
warts
54
fissure
crack
55
vesicle
blister
56
collagen
protein in hair, skin, nails
57
granuloma
small area of healing tissue
58
endocrine system
ductless glands that secrete chemical messengers (hormones) into blood
endo = within
-crine = to secrete
59
pituitary gland
base of brain just below hypothalamus
- anterior (AKA adenohypophysis) + posterior lobes
'the master gland' maintains hormone levels
pituit/o
60
luteinizing hormone (LH)
secreted by anterior pituitary
lute/o = yellow
- transforms ovarian follicle into corpus luteum (yellow body)
augments ovulation + maintains pregnancy
- oxytocin secreted to stimulate contractions
61
prolactin
secreted by anterior pituitary
augments milk secretion
lact/o = milk
62
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
secreted by anterior pituitary
augments skin pigment
63
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
secreted by posterior pituitary
maintains water balance by augmenting water reabsorption in kidney (against urine production)
64
thyroid
butterfly-shaped gland on either side of larynx
secretes triiodothyronine, thyroxine, calcitonin
thyr/o
thryoid/o
65
parathyroid
4 glands on surface of thyroid
secretes hormone to reduce bone Ca levels and regulate Po4
parathyroid/o
66
adrenal
2 glands above each kidney
- made of a cortex and a medulla
- cortex secretes glucocorticoids
ad- = toward
ren/o = kidney
adren/o
adrenal/o
67
epinephrine (AKA adrenaline)
secreted by adrenal medulla
stimulates fight/flight
epi = above
nephr/o = kidney
68
pancreas
gland near proximal duodenum
secretes insulin
sugar and starch metabolism
pancreat/o
69
thymus
gland in young animals in middle of thorax (dorsal to sternum)
thym/o
70
pineal gland
middle of brain
maintains circadian rhythm (secretes melatonin)
pineal/o
71
gonads
glands that produce gametes (sex cells).
ovaries F
testes M
gonad/o
72
adrenopathy
disease of adrenals
73
endocrinopathy
disease of endocrine system
74
hyperglycemia
elevated blood glucose
hypo = low
75
pancreatitis
inflammation of pancreas
76
thyromegaly
enlarged thyroid
77
lobectomy
removal of lobe
78
hypothalamus
endocrine regulator
sends stimulus to pituitary
79
hypoadrenocorticism
addison's disease
80
insulinoma
tumor of islets of Langerhans of pancreas
81
gynecomastia
male mammary development
82
assay
lab technique that determines amount of substance in sample
83
euthyroidism
normal thyroid
84
insulin
transports blood glucose
- the only hormone that can lower blood glucose
85
diabetes mellitus
not enough insulin
insipidus = not enough diuretic
86
acidosis
low pH
87
glucagon
hormone that increases glucose
88
hypocalcemia
low blood calcium levels
89
hypercrinism
excess gland secretion
90
-tropic
affinity for
91
somat/o
body
92
radioactive iodine uptake test
analyzes thyroid function
93
theriogenology
study of reproduction
theri/o = beast
gen/o = producing
logy = study
94
genitals
reproductive organs
genit/o
95
scrotum
external pouch for testes
scrot/o
96
perineum
area b/w scrotum + anus
perine/o
97
testes
male sex glands
-produce spermatozoa (sperm/o spermat/o)
orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
test/o
testicul/o
testis singular
98
epididymis
tube at upper testis
epididym/o
99
urethra
tube through penis to outside
urethr/o
100
pen/i
priap/o
penis
101
ovaries
produce estrogen, progesterone, ova (eggs)
ovari/o
oophor/o
102
uterine tubes
AKA fallopian AKA oviducts
from top of uterus to ovaries
salping/o
103
uterus
thick walled hollow organ w/ mucous membrane lining
hyster/o
metr/o
metri/o
uter/o
104
cervix
lower continuation of uterus/cranial continuation of vagina
cervic/o
105
vagina
muscular tube from cervix to outside
colp/o
vagin/o
106
vulva
external opening leading to vagina
vulv/o
episi/o
107
estrous cycle
AKA heat cycle - uterus prepared to accept fertilized ovum
estrus = period in estrous when receptive to male (ovulation)
108
monestrous
1 cycle/year
109
polyestrous
1+ cycle/year
110
spontaneous ovulators
ovum release cyclical
111
induced ovulators
ovum release after copulation
AKA reflex ovulators
112
seasonal ovulators
queens are seasonally polyestrous (multiple cycle b/w jan-oct)
113
mammary glands
produce milk
litter species: mammae
large animals: udders w/ teats
mamm/o
mast/o
114
placenta
organ that joins mother and offspring to exchange nutrients and waste
AKA afterbirth
placent/o
115
umbilical cord
fetus communicates w/ placenta.
umbilicus = structure on abdominal wall where cord was
umbilic/o
116
pregnancy
time b/w conception and parturition
AKA cyesis
pregn/o = pregnancy
gravid/o = pregnant
117
gestation
period of fetus development
gest/o
gestat/o
118
parturition
labour
part/o = giving birth
antepartum = before
postpartum = after
presentation = orientation of fetus before delivery
neonate = newborn
119
meconium
first stool of newborn
120
amniocentesis
puncture to get amniotic fluid
121
ultrasound
high-frequency waves evaluate internal structures
122
cryptorchidism
testes don't descend
123
dystocia
difficult birth
124
mastitis
mammary inflammation
125
metritis
uterus inflammation
126
pyometra
pus in uterus
127
retained placenta
didn't pass after delivery
128
supernumerary
more than normal number
129
uterine prolapse
uterus falls through vagina
130
assisted delivery
hands or equipment used to aid
131
episiotomy
incision of perineum and vagina to start delivery and prevent damage
132
orchidectomy
castration
vasectomy = ductus deferens removed
133
ovariohysterectomy (OHE)
spay (ovaries, uterus )
ovariectomy (ovaries)
134
AI
artificial insemination
135
endometrium
inner layer of uterus
136
pseudocyesis
false pregnancy
137
hermaphroditism
having ovaries and testicles
138
amnion
innermost membrane enveloping embryo
139
zygote attaching
implantation
140
female gamete
ovum
141
mutagens
substances that make genetic abnormalities
142
ampulla
enlarged part of canal
143
-osis
condition
144
vivaparous
bearing live young
ovariparous = bearing eggs
145
allantois
innermost placenta layer
chorion = outermost
146
zygote
fertilized egg
147
prepuce
foreskin
148
cotyledons
buttons
149
oligo
less than normal
150
TVT
transmissible venereal tumor
151
par
near
152
breech presentation
tail presented first
153
urogenital
pertaining to urinary and reproductive systems
154
lactogenic
capable of producing milk
155
nervous system
coordinates + controls body activity
processes information and formulates responses
central (brain and spine) and peripheral (nerves, autonomic system, ganglia)
156
neuron
basic nervous system unit
- body (soma)
- dendrites (carry impulses to body - dendr/o)
- axon (carry impulses away - ax/o)
157
synapse
space b/w 2 neurons or a neuron and a receptor (the gap)
synaps/o
synapt/o
neurotransmitters (chemicals) released here to relay info
158
neuroglia/glial cells
supportive cells of nervous system
gli/o = glue
159
nerve
bundles of impulse carrying fibers connecting CNS to other parts of body
neur/i /o
160
CNS
encephal/o = brain
myel/o = spinal cord
161
meninges
3 layered membrane around CNS
1) dura mater (dura = tough)
2) arachnoid membrane
3) pia mater (pia = soft)
mening/o
meningi/o
162
cerebrospinal fluid CSF
clear ultrafiltrate that nourishes, cools, cushions CNS
163
brain divisions
1) cerebrum: largest, processes info (cerebr/o)
2) cerebellum: 2nd largest, coordinates muscles (cerebell/o)
3) brainstem: connects 2 hemispheres w/ spinal cord, supports life
164
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
part of peripheral that innervates muscles and glands
1) sympathetic: fight/flight
2) parasympathetic: rest/digest
165
obtunded
depressed
166
stupor
conscious but impaired, unresponsive to stimuli
167
PLR
pupillary light reflex
168
ataxia
without coordination
169
catalepsy
rigid muscles + trancelike state
170
cataplexy
sudden attacks of muscle weakness from emotional response
171
chorea/myoclonus
repetitive contraction of facial or limb muscles
172
concussion
shaking of brain
173
contusion
bruising, skin not broken
174
demyelination
destruction of myelin (protective covering on nerve cells)
175
hematoma
mass of blood
epidural = above dura mater
subdural = below dura mater but above arachnoid membrane
176
hemiplegia
paralysis on one side
177
paraplegia
paralysis of lower limbs
178
neuralgia
nerve pain
179
ptosis
prolapse of upper eyelid
180
seizure
sudden contraction of muscles from brain disturbance
181
ictus
actual seizure
preictal = before (AKA aura)
postictal = after
182
syncope
fainting
183
analgesia
pain relief
184
anesthesia
no sensation
topical
local (injection to area)
epidural
general (loss of consciousness)
185
ipsi
same
contra = opposite
186
radiculitis
inflammation of spinal nerve root
187
plexus
network of intersecting nerves
188
efferent (motor) cells
carry impulse out of CNS to muscles
189
reflex
involuntary response to change
190
gyri
elevated portions of cerebral cortex
191
poliomyelitis
inflammation of gray matter of spinal cord
192
ganglion
knot-like mass of neurons cell bodies in PNS (outside of CNS)
193
meningitis
inflammation of membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord
194
knuckling
conscious proprioceptive deficit
195
chiasm
medical term for crossing
196
ventricles
small cavities in brain
197
IVDD
intervertebral disc disease
198
postical state
state following seizure
199
impulse
wave of excitation through nervous tissue
200
pachy
thick
201
receptors
sensory organs that receive external stimuli
202
afferent
sensory nerves
efferent = motor nerves
*SA ME acronym
203
astrocytes
star-shaped cells that form blood-brain barrier
204
neurotomy
nerve incision
205
proprioceptive
spatial orientation
206
narcolepsy
uncontrollable sleep
207
encephalomalacia
abnormal brain softening
208
hyperkenesis
increased motor function
209
paresthesia
abnormal sensation
210
myelography
radiography where contrast material is injected into subarachnoid space
211
ocular system
vision
eye/sight:
opt/i /o
optic/o
ocul/o
opthalm/o
212
orbit
bony cavity for eye
213
palpebrae
eyelids
blephar/o
214
conjunctiva
membrane on eyelids and non-corneal parts. of eye
conjunctiv/o
215
lacrimal apparatus
produce, store, remove tears
lacrim/o
dacry/o
216
sclera
white of eye/outer layer
fibrous tissue that maintains shape of eye
scler/o
217
cornea
transparent anterior portion of eye
corne/o
kerat/o
218
choroid
middle eye layer
- vessels
choroid/o
tapetum lucidum = irridescent reflective layer of choroid
219
retina
inner eye layer
nervous tissue, receives images
retin/o
220
accomodation
eye adjusts. tosee objects at various distances
221
fluorescein dye stain
detects corneal injury
222
opthalmoscopy
examine inner eye
223
PLR
pupillary light reflex
224
tonometry
measure intraocular pressure
225
anisocoria
unequal pupil size
226
blepharospasm
contractions of eyelid
227
cataract
cloudiness of lens
228
keratoconjunctivitis
inflammation of cornea and conjunctiva
229
proptosis
displacement of eye from orbit
230
keratocentesis
cornea punctured to aspirate aqueous humor
231
ear
audit/o /i
ot/o
hearing:
acoust/o
acous/o
232
pinna (auricle)
catches and transmits sound waves
pinn/i
aur/i /o = external ear
233
external auditory canal
tube that transmits sound from pinna to tympanic membrane
- cerumen secreted here
234
tympanic membrane
eardrum
transmits sound waves to ossicles (ear bones)
tympan/o
myring/o
235
cochlea
hearing organ
cochle/o = snail/spiral
236
otitis interna
inflammation of inner ear
panotitis = inflammation of all ear
237
otopyorrhea
pus discharge from ear
238
ablation
removal of a part
239
myringectomy
removal of eardrum
240
sight/sound abbreviations
AD = right ear (a: auris)
AS = left ear
AU = both ears
OD = right eye (O: oculus)
OS = left eye
OU = both eyes
241
iris
colored muscular part of eye surrounding pupil
242
nystagmus
involuntary rhythmic movement of eyeball
243
glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure
244
cornea
fibrous layer of clear tissue over anterior eye, continuous with sclera
245
optic disk
region where nerve endings of retina gather to form optic nerve
246
lens
transparent, focuses light on the retina
avascular
247
mydriasis
pupil dilation
248
lacrimation
tear production
249
fovea centralis
area of retina w/ sharpest vision
250
aqueous humor
in posterior eye
251
acuity
sharpness of vision
252
tarsus
platelike frame in upper and lower eyelids
253
uvea
iris, ciliary body, choroid
254
ampulla
dilated area in the semicircular canals
255
otoliths
small stones in the saccule and utricle
256
tympanic bulla
osseous chamber at base of skull
257
incus
auditory ossicle AKA anvil
258
stapes
auditory ossicle AKA stirrup
259
malleus
auditory ossicle AKA hammer
260
eustachian tube
narrow duct from middle ear to nasopharynx
261
external auditory canal
transmits sound from pinna to eardrum
262
KCS
keratoconjunctivitis sicca
263
ectropion
eversion of eyelid
entropion = inversion
264
blepharitis
eyelid inflammation
265
enucleation
eyeball removal
266
strabismus
eyes not parallel
267
dacryocystotomy
incision into lacrimal sac
268
nictitating membrane
third eyelid
269
corneal ulceration
depression in cornea
270
photophobia
intolerance to light
271
opthalmoplegia
eye paralysis
272
limbus
corneal sclera junction
273
keratotomy
cornea incision
274
tarsorrhaphy
suturing eyelids together
275
labyrinth
maze of inner ear
276
ruminants
cud-chewing animals with forestomachs that ferment
277
balling gun
administers pills to livestock
278
cull
removal of an animal
279
malpresentation
abnormal fetal position
280
tail jacking/tailing
restraint for cattle where tail lifted vertically
281
dry
not lactating
282
cud
regurgitated food
283
finishing
fattening cattle up
284
roughage
high fiber low nutrient
285
chute
mechanical device to restrain cattle
286
hutch
individual housing pen for calves
287
stanchion
restraint device that secures cattle around neck
288
tetanus
highly fatal bacterial disease
289
cleaning a cow
removing retained placenta
290
offal
inedible organs/tissue
291
streak canal
passage from teat cistern to outside udder
292
silage
fermented plant feed
293
parturient paresis
hypocalcemic disorder in late pregnancy/early lactation
