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Terminology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

ossification

A

bone forming from fibrous tissue

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2
Q

osteoblasts

A

immature bone cells that make bone tissue

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3
Q

osteoclasts

A

phagocytic bone cells that eat bony tissue away from the medullary cavity of the long bone

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4
Q

osteocytes

A

matures bone cells

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5
Q

medullary cavity

A

inner space of long bone, contains yellow marrow

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6
Q

articular cartilage

A

covers joint surfaces of bones

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7
Q

meniscus

A

curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints that cushions

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8
Q

synarthroses joint

A

no movement, eg suture (jagged line where bones meet)

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9
Q

amphiarthroses joint

A

slight movement (eg symphysis: 2 bones join and function as 1, mandible)

AKA cartilaginous joint

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10
Q

diarthroses joint

A

free movement (eg. synovial joints - ball and socket)

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11
Q

fontanelle

A

soft spot remaining at junction of sutures, usually closes after birth

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12
Q

enarthrosis

A

ball and socket joints

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13
Q

cortical bone

A

hard outer layer AKA compact

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14
Q

cortex

A

bark/shell

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15
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy inner bone

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16
Q

epiphysis

A

wide end of long bone (proximal and distal ends)
cancellous

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17
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of long bone
compact

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18
Q

physis

A

cartilage of long bone AKA growth plate AKA epiphyseal cartilage

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19
Q

metaphysis

A

wide part of long bone adjacent to physis
- considered part of epiphysis in adults

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20
Q

periosteum

A

fibrous tissue covering outer bone

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21
Q

endosteum

A

fibrous tissue lining medullary cavity

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22
Q

long bones

A

shaft + 2 ends + marrow cavity

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23
Q

short bones

A

cube, no marrow cavity

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24
Q

flat bones

A

thin (pelvis)

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25
Q

pneumatic bones

A

sinus containing bones

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26
Q

irregular bones

A

unpaired (vertebrae)

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27
Q

sesamoid bones

A

embedded in a tendon (patella)

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28
Q

arthrodial/condyloid joints

A

joints with oval projections that fit in a socket (carpal joints)

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29
Q

trochoid/pivot joints

A

pulley-shaped (atlas-axis connection)

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30
Q

saddle joints

A

only one = carpometacarpal of thumb. allows it to be opposable, can move any way

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31
Q

hinge/ginglymus joints

A

motion in one plane (elbow)

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32
Q

gliding joints

A

glide over each other (between vertebrae)

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33
Q

ligament

A

band of fibrous CT that connects one bone to another

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34
Q

tendon

A

band of CT that connects muscle to bone

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35
Q

bursa

A

fibrous sac that acts as a cushion in areas of friction

(more than 1 = bursae)

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36
Q

synovial membrane

A

in bursae and synovial joints
secretes synovial fluid to allow for smooth movement

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37
Q

foramen

A

opening in bone for tissues to pass

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38
Q

sinuses

A

air or fluid filled spaces in skull

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39
Q

brachycephalic

A

short wide skull

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40
Q

dolichocephalic

A

long narrow skull

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41
Q

mesocephalic

A

average skull

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42
Q

trochanters

A

large flat broad projections on femur

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43
Q

condyles

A

rounded projection on bone

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44
Q

aperture

A

opening

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45
Q

canal

A

tunnel

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46
Q

crest

A

high projection

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47
Q

crista

A

ridge

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48
Q

dens

A

toothlike structure on bone

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49
Q

eminence

A

surface projection

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50
Q

facet

A

smooth area

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51
Q

fissure

A

deep cleft

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52
Q

fossa

A

hollow depressed area

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53
Q

fovea

A

small pit

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54
Q

head

A

major protrusion

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55
Q

lamina

A

thin flat plate

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56
Q

line

A

low projection/ridge

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57
Q

malleolus

A

rounded projection

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58
Q

meatus

A

passage

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59
Q

process

A

projection

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60
Q

protuberance

A

projecting part

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61
Q

ramus

A

branch/smaller structure given off by larger structure

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62
Q

sinus

A

space/cavity

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63
Q

spine

A

sharp projection

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64
Q

sulcus

A

groove

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65
Q

suture

A

seam

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66
Q

trochlea

A

pulley-shaped structure in which other structures articulate

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67
Q

tubercle

A

small rounded projection

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68
Q

tuberosity

A

projecting part

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69
Q

arththrocentesis

A

puncture of joint to remove fluid

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70
Q

arthrography

A

injection of joint with contrast material for radiography

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71
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual exam of joint with scope

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72
Q

densitometer

A

device that measures bone density using x-rays

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73
Q

goniometer

A

instrument that measures angles of joints

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74
Q

radiology

A

study of internal structures after exposing them to radiation

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75
Q

ankylosis

A

loss of mobility from disease/injury

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76
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

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77
Q

arthritis

A

joint inflammation

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78
Q

arthrodynia

A

joint pain

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79
Q

arthropathy

A

joint disease

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80
Q

bursitis

A

bursa inflammation

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81
Q

chondromalacia

A

cartilage softening

82
Q

chondropathy

A

cartilage disease

83
Q

discospondylitis

A

inflammation of intervertebral disc and vertebrae

84
Q

epiphysitis

A

growth plate inflammation

85
Q

exostisis

A

growth on bony surface

86
Q

gouty arthritis

A

inflammation of uric acid crystals in joint

87
Q

hip dysplasia

A

growth on pelvic joint causing head of femur and acetabulum to not align

88
Q

herniated disc/ruptured disc

A

intervertebral disc disease, rupture or protrusion of cushioning disc resulting in pressure on spinal cord

89
Q

kyphosis

A

dorsal curvature of spine (hunchback)

90
Q

lordosis

A

ventral curve of spine (swayback)

91
Q

luxation

A

dislocation of bone from its joint

92
Q

myeloma

A

tumor of cells from hematopoietic tissues of bone marrow

93
Q

ostealgia

94
Q

osteitis

A

bone inflammation

95
Q

osteoarthritis

A

degenerative joint disease

96
Q

osteochondrosis

A

degeneration of bone and cartilage followed by recalcification

97
Q

osteochondrosis dissecans

A

degeneration of bone and cartilage followed by recalcification with dissecting flap of articular cartilage (osteophyte)

98
Q

osteophyte

A

detached piece of articular cartilage AKA joint mice

99
Q

osteomalacia

A

bone softening

100
Q

osteomyelitis

A

bone + marrow inflammation

101
Q

osteonecrosis

A

death of bone tissue

102
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of bone density and increase of porosity

103
Q

osteosclerosis

A

hardening of bone

104
Q

periostitis

A

inflammation of outermost covering of bone

105
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disorder of CT and joints

106
Q

sequestrum

A

piece of dead bone partially/fully detached from healthy bone

107
Q

spondylitis

A

vertebrae inflammation

108
Q

spondylosis

A

any degenerative vertebrae disorder

109
Q

spondylosis deformans

A

degeneration of articular processes of vertebrae

110
Q

spur

A

bony projection

111
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation

112
Q

synovitis

A

synovial membrane inflammation

113
Q

avulsion fracture

A

site of muscle/tendon/ligament is detached by forceful pull

114
Q

callus

A

bulging deposit around area of bone fracture that may become bone

115
Q

closed fracture

A

no open wound on skin AKA simple fracture

116
Q

comminuted fracture

A

splintered into multiple pieces

117
Q

compression fracture

A

bones pressed together

118
Q

crepitation

A

audible cracking when broken bones move together

119
Q

displaced fracture

A

fractured parts out of line

120
Q

greenstick fracture

A

broken only on one side, other bent AKA incomplete fracture

121
Q

immobilization

A

putting a cast on

122
Q

manipulation AKA reduction

A

attempted realignment of bone

123
Q

oblique fracture

A

break diagonal to long axis

124
Q

open fracture

A

open wound on skin AKA compound fracture

125
Q

pathologic fracture

A

broken in area weakens by disease

126
Q

physeal fracture

A

broken at epiphyseal line/growth plate

127
Q

spiral fracture

A

bone is twisted apart

128
Q

stress fracture

A

broken by repetitive local stress

129
Q

transverse fracture

A

broke straight across

130
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of a joint or spinal vertebrae

131
Q

chemonucleolysis

A

dissolving center of intervertebral disc by injecting foreign substance

132
Q

craniotomy

A

incision into skull

133
Q

external fixation

A

immobilizing bone near fracture through casts, splints, rods, pins

134
Q

laminectomy

A

removal of dorsal arch of vertebrae

135
Q

internal fixation

A

immobilization directly on fracture through pins, plates, wires, screws

136
Q

ostectomy

A

removal of bone

137
Q

osteocentesis

A

puncture of bone

138
Q

osteodesis

A

fusion of bone

139
Q

osteopexy

A

fixation of bone to body wall

140
Q

osteoplasty

A

repair of bone

141
Q

osteostomy

A

permanent new opening in bone

142
Q

osteotomy

A

incision on bone

143
Q

trephination

A

cutting into bone with trephine (circular saw)

144
Q

vertebral extension

A

ventral arching

145
Q

vertebral flexion

A

dorsal arching

146
Q

fixation

A

joint immobilized in a fixed position

147
Q

malarticulations

A

connections between bones not lined up

148
Q

ambulation

A

moving from one place to another

149
Q

fascia

A

sheet of fibrous CT

150
Q

lines alba

A

fibrous band of CT where abdominal muscles attach (eg of a tendon)

151
Q

aponeurosis

A

fibrous sheet where muscle fibers can attach

152
Q

synergists/agonistic

A

muscles that’s contract at the same time as another muscle

153
Q

neuromuscular junction

A

point where nerve endings meet muscle cells

154
Q

tonus

A

balanced muscles tension

155
Q

muscle origin

A

where a muscle begins

156
Q

muscle insertion

A

where a muscle ends

157
Q

flexor

A

muscles that bends at joint

158
Q

extensor

A

muscle that straightens a limb

159
Q

levator

A

muscle that raises

160
Q

depressor

A

muscle that lowers

161
Q

rotator

A

muscles that turns body part on its axis

162
Q

supinator

A

muscle that rotates palmar/plantar surface upward

163
Q

pronator

A

muscle that rotated palmar/plantar surface downward

164
Q

pectoral muscles

165
Q

epaxial muscles

A

above pelvic axis

166
Q

intercostal muscles

A

between ribs

167
Q

infraspinatus muscles

A

beneath spine

168
Q

supraspinatus muscles

A

above spine

169
Q

orbicularis muscles

A

surround another structure

170
Q

azyguous

A

not paired

171
Q

latissimus

A

broad muscle

172
Q

gracilis

A

narrow muscle

173
Q

deltoid

A

triangle shaped muscles

174
Q

quadratus

A

square shaped muscles

175
Q

rhomboideus

A

diamond shaped muscles

176
Q

scalenus

A

unequally 3 sided muscles

177
Q

serratus

A

saw-toothed muscles

178
Q

teres

A

cylindrical muscles

179
Q

electromyography

A

recording muscle strength

180
Q

ataxia

A

lack of control of muscle movement, wobbly

181
Q

atonic

A

lacking muscle tone

182
Q

fascitis

A

fascia inflammation

183
Q

fibroma

184
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of body part through containing tissues

185
Q

laxity

186
Q

leiomyoma

A

smooth muscle tumor

187
Q

leiomyositis

A

smooth muscle inflammation

188
Q

myasthenia

A

muscles weakness

189
Q

myoclonus

A

muscle spasm

190
Q

myoma

A

muscle tumor

191
Q

myopathy

A

muscle disease

192
Q

myositis

A

muscle inflammation

193
Q

myotonia

A

delayed relaxation of muscle after contracting

194
Q

rhabdomyona

A

tumor of striated muscle

195
Q

tendinitis

A

tendon inflammation

196
Q

tetany

197
Q

myectomy

A

removal of muscle

198
Q

myoplasty

A

repair of muscle

199
Q

myotomy

A

incision in muscle

200
Q

tenectomy

A

removal of tendon

201
Q

tenotomy

A

incision in tendon

Terminology (22 decks)

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