Chapter 3 Flashcards
ossification
bone forming from fibrous tissue
osteoblasts
immature bone cells that make bone tissue
osteoclasts
phagocytic bone cells that eat bony tissue away from the medullary cavity of the long bone
osteocytes
matures bone cells
medullary cavity
inner space of long bone, contains yellow marrow
articular cartilage
covers joint surfaces of bones
meniscus
curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints that cushions
synarthroses joint
no movement, eg suture (jagged line where bones meet)
amphiarthroses joint
slight movement (eg symphysis: 2 bones join and function as 1, mandible)
AKA cartilaginous joint
diarthroses joint
free movement (eg. synovial joints - ball and socket)
fontanelle
soft spot remaining at junction of sutures, usually closes after birth
enarthrosis
ball and socket joints
cortical bone
hard outer layer AKA compact
cortex
bark/shell
cancellous bone
spongy inner bone
epiphysis
wide end of long bone (proximal and distal ends)
cancellous
diaphysis
shaft of long bone
compact
physis
cartilage of long bone AKA growth plate AKA epiphyseal cartilage
metaphysis
wide part of long bone adjacent to physis
- considered part of epiphysis in adults
periosteum
fibrous tissue covering outer bone
endosteum
fibrous tissue lining medullary cavity
long bones
shaft + 2 ends + marrow cavity
short bones
cube, no marrow cavity
flat bones
thin (pelvis)
pneumatic bones
sinus containing bones
irregular bones
unpaired (vertebrae)
sesamoid bones
embedded in a tendon (patella)
arthrodial/condyloid joints
joints with oval projections that fit in a socket (carpal joints)
trochoid/pivot joints
pulley-shaped (atlas-axis connection)
saddle joints
only one = carpometacarpal of thumb. allows it to be opposable, can move any way
hinge/ginglymus joints
motion in one plane (elbow)
gliding joints
glide over each other (between vertebrae)
ligament
band of fibrous CT that connects one bone to another
tendon
band of CT that connects muscle to bone
bursa
fibrous sac that acts as a cushion in areas of friction
(more than 1 = bursae)
synovial membrane
in bursae and synovial joints
secretes synovial fluid to allow for smooth movement
foramen
opening in bone for tissues to pass
sinuses
air or fluid filled spaces in skull
brachycephalic
short wide skull
dolichocephalic
long narrow skull
mesocephalic
average skull
trochanters
large flat broad projections on femur
condyles
rounded projection on bone
aperture
opening
canal
tunnel
crest
high projection
crista
ridge
dens
toothlike structure on bone
eminence
surface projection
facet
smooth area
fissure
deep cleft
fossa
hollow depressed area
fovea
small pit
head
major protrusion
lamina
thin flat plate
line
low projection/ridge
malleolus
rounded projection
meatus
passage
process
projection
protuberance
projecting part
ramus
branch/smaller structure given off by larger structure
sinus
space/cavity
spine
sharp projection
sulcus
groove
suture
seam
trochlea
pulley-shaped structure in which other structures articulate
tubercle
small rounded projection
tuberosity
projecting part
arththrocentesis
puncture of joint to remove fluid
arthrography
injection of joint with contrast material for radiography
arthroscopy
visual exam of joint with scope
densitometer
device that measures bone density using x-rays
goniometer
instrument that measures angles of joints
radiology
study of internal structures after exposing them to radiation
ankylosis
loss of mobility from disease/injury
arthralgia
joint pain
arthritis
joint inflammation
arthrodynia
joint pain
arthropathy
joint disease
bursitis
bursa inflammation