QUIZ 1: Origins of Cognitive Neuroscience & Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Trepanation refers to

Answer 1

A surgical intervention in which a hole is made in the human skull

Question 2

Behaviorism

Answer 2

An approach of studying Psychology that’s focused on external behavior

Question 3

What historical (and problematic precursor to modern psychology is associated with Franz Joseph Gall?

Answer 3

Phrenology

Question 4

What is Phrenology the study of

Answer 4

the study of how bumps on the skull relate to mental functions

Question 5

Jean Pierre Flourens argued against localization of function on the basis of null effect (ex: no change in behavior after a lesion). What makes interpreting a null effect difficult in this context?

Answer 5

Perhaps the test of behavior was not sensitive enough to reveal an effect when there really was one

• lack of differences isn’t interpretable

Question 6

The observation by Hughlings Jackson that some seizures involve a stereotypical progression of movement across the body was early evidence for

Answer 6

Functional localization within the motor system
(this type of seizure progresses across the cortex, diff regions that control diff parts of the body become involved, leading to this pattern)

Question 7

The concept that the brain is composed of different subsystems (or modules), located in specific regions of rain tissue is known as:

Answer 7

Localization of function

Question 8

The method that allows scientists to make inferences to make inferences abt what function a brain region performs from observing what behaviors are comprised or absent after damage region is known as:

Answer 8

Lesion method
(lesion refers to an area of damaged tissue in the brain)

Question 9

A double dissociation occurs when…

Answer 9

one brain lesion causes a disruption in Function A but not Function B, whereas a different lesion causes a disruption in Function B but not Function A
(concept of “double dissociation” could be applied to other types of studies”)

Question 10

Unlike MRI, position emission tomography (PET) involves radioactive molecules

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Surgically severing the fibers of the corpus callosum does what?

Answer 11

Disconnects the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 12

Which type of receptor channel allows for the electrochemical gradient in neurons to come back to a baseline?

Answer 12

Na+/K+ pumps

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Answer 13

Glutamate
(makes a neuron MORE likely to fire)

Question 14

Which term refers to the front of the brain?

Answer 14

Anterior
(refers to “towards the front”)

Question 15

The major lobes of the cerebral cortex are

Answer 15

frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe

Question 16

Binding of GABA w postsynaptic GABA receptors would make the postsynaptic neuron more likely to:

Answer 16

Hyerpolarize
(GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter –> makes it less likely for neuron to fire)

Question 17

Which is the term for the bumps (or “hills) on the surface of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 17

Gyri

Question 18

The primary somatosensory cortex is _____ to the central sulcus

Answer 18

Posterior
(means “behind”)

Question 19

What is the correct sequence of events in an action potential:

Answer 19

Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

Question 20

The inferior of the brain is at the:

Answer 20

Bottom

Question 21

Cells in the dorsal section of the spinal cord:

Answer 21

receive sensory information

Question 22

what does the blood-brain barrier do?

Answer 22

protects neural tissue from toxins that could be present in the bloodstream

Question 23

What brainstem structure is located directly superior to the spinal cord?

Answer 23

Medulla
(the medulla is where most motor fibers ross from one side to the other)

Question 24

What structure controls behavior that helps the body satisfy its needs so it can maintain equilibrium (homeostasis)?

Answer 24

Hypothalamus