quiz 1 msk pathologies Flashcards by ash box

TP of L5 fuses to sacrum or ilium on one or both sides is called ____

sacralization

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1st and 2nd segments of sacrum fail to fuse and are freely movable - it appears lumbar spine has 6 vertebra is called ______

lumbarization

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frozen shoulder stages

freezing = any movement causes pain, ROM decreases

frozen = pain diminishes, becomes stiffer

thawing = ROM improves

synovial capsule covering the GH joint thickens and tightens

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pronator teres syndrom vs anterior interosseous syndrome

PTS = motor and sensory loss, mm atrophy

AINS = motor loss, no mm atrophy

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order of stages of RA
SPCFA

synovitis
pannus formation
cartilage erosion
fibrosis
ankylosis

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weak, disordered and brittle bones - bone is replaced faster than it is broken down

paget’s

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tuberculosis of the spine =

Pott’s

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joint pain/swelling/stiffness caused by bacterial infection - synovitis that destroys joint surfaces and underlying bone causing pain and ossification of tendons and ligaments at insertion points is called ______

reactive arthritis

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“sausage fingers”
immune system attacks healthy cells causing production of IL-23 a cytokine that produces chronic inflammation in bones, tendon and skin, nails crumble/ look pitted, enthesitis (inflammation where tendon attaches to bone is called _____

psoriatic arthritis

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form of arthritis , crystalization of uric acid inside a joint forming tophi surrounding the joint

gout

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invasion of a single joint space w bacteria, fungi, virus - causing acutely painful and swollen joints - staph, gonococcal- diagnosed by aspiration of synovial fluid from joint

infectious/ septic arthritis

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what is the role of HLA-B27 in AS

defect in the gene called human leukocyte antigen or HLA-B27

90% of sufferers have this mutation

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how does pagets disease present radiographically

disorganized type of fibrous collagen connective tissue that doesnt ossify = weak, distorted and brittle

2 stages
1) vascular
2) sclerotic

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defect on the pars interarticularis of vertebral arch on vertebra - common in lumbar, from repetitive stress is called _______

Spondylolysis

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what is spondylitis

inflammation of intervertebral joints

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forward displacement of vertebra on the one below, most often the 5th lumbar vertebra - congenital

spondylolisthesis

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degenerative osteoarthritis between centers of spinal vertebral joints around the discs and vertebral bodies at end plates, bone spurs grow - is called _______

spondylosis

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fibrosis of palmar fascia causing shortening of digits 3,4,5 causing them to be flexed

nodules develop in palm then form longitudinal cord separate from nearby tendons is called _____

Dupuytren’s contracture

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permanent contracture of forearm mm’s including hand, fingers, wrist = claw like deformity due to ichemia

Volkmann’s contracture

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how does Klumpke’s occur

traction/ compression to LOWER trunk of brachial plexus C8/T1 = shoulder is pulled laterally at birth causing motor and sensory defects down the arm

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how does Erbs occur

traction/ compression to UPPER trunk of brachial plexus at C5/C6, happens at birth - sh is pulled laterally affecting motor and sensory down the arm

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how does Horner’s occur

disruption of nerve pathway in the sympathetic division of the ANS from brain to face and eye on ONE side

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how does Saturday night palsy occur

compression of the radial nerve by resting arm on the back of a chair

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compression neuropathy of median nerve at elbow from repititive grasping causing weakness at flexor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis brevis

pronator teres syndrome

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compression of ulnar nerve cubital tunnel causing numbness/tingling in 4th or 5th digit & aching pain on medial side of elbow

cubital tunnel syndrome

what nerve passes through the tunnel of Guyon

ulnar when compressed = ulnar tunnel syndrome

anterior interosseous nerve syndrome

a motor branch of the median nerve that branches between the 2 heads of pronator teres and run deep along the interosseous membrane - becomes trapped and causes compression

posterior interosseous nerve syndrome

compression of the motor posterior interosseous nerve where it passes through musculotendinous radial tunnel - can cause paralysis of digit and thumb extensor mm's

softening/ breakdown of cartilage tissue on the underside of the patella causing anterior knee pain

chondromalacia patella cartilage degenerates from maltracking of patella, abnormal Q angle, trauma to bone causing enzymatic digestion causing chondrocytes to break down

what is jumpers knee

patellar and quadriceps tendinitis

"runner's knee" pain in and around patella from overuse, repetitive movements

patellofemoral syndrome

inflammation of patellar ligament on tibial tuberosity - common in growth spurt - painful bump below knee

Osgoode schlatters worsens w activity - from repititive stressed repetitive traction pulls on the tubercle and the growth plate leading to inflammation in growth plate

what structures are affected w radial nerve compression

finger and wrist drop affects the posterior interosseous branch

what structures are affected w a suprascapular nerve compression

pain and weakness in infra and supra mm's

what structures are affected w long thoracic nerve compression

serratus anterior - causing winged scapula

what structures are affected w a median nerve compression

pronator teres mm anterior interosseous pain at flexor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis brevis

what structures are affected w compression at the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

burning in upper lateral thigh that can extend to knee (meralgia paresthetica)

neural tube defect due to lack of folic acid and failure of spinous processes uniting

spina bifida

what are seronegative spondyloarthropathy disorders

a group of disorders characterized by lack of serum markers HLA-B27 causing inflammation of synovial joints

what are the 4 seronegative spondyloarthropathy disorders

1. Anklyosing spondylitis 2. Reactive arthritis 3. Psoriatic arthritis 4. Arthritis associated w IBD

crepitus, morning stiffness that improves later, herberden's nodes

osteoarthritis

how does AS affect the spine and which areas

inflammation in intervertebral joints, tendon and ligament insertion points, fibrosis of joint capsule sacroiliac, achilles tendon, hips, shoulders, costovertebral joints hyperkyphosis

what is brittle bone disease called

osteogenesis imperfecta

age related degenerative joint disease - cartilage degenerates from stresses on joints over time

osteoarthritis proteoglycan levels drop subchondral bone, bone spurs, osteophytes form JOINT MICE (loose bits in the cavity)

bone infection caused by bacteria

osteomyelitis

Imbalance between bone deposition (bone making) and bone decomposition causing bone tissue to become porous More bone is being decomposed then deposited making it weak / brittle

osteoporosis

what are the 4 compartments of the lower leg

anterior superficial posterior deep posterior lateral

how is paget's disease managed

bisphosphonates or calcitonin complications = fractures, bow legs, kyphosis, mishapen skull, bone pain

what are some pathological changes occurring in RA

non suppurative synovitis in joints leading to progressive destruction of the articular cartilage and inflammation of synovial membrane vasodilation, increased permeability and forms exudate which causes red, swollen, painful joint symmetrical / polyarticular activation of T helper cells that produce cyokines then activate B cells to produce antibodies

RA deformities

boutonniere deformity - PIP is permanently bent towards palm while the DIP is bent back ulnar deviation - swelling of MCP causing fingers to displace bending towards 5th digit swan neck deformity - hyperextension of PIP joint w flexion of DIP joint

form of arthritis characterized by sudden, painful swelling of one or more joints crystal deposition in the joints made of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

pseudogout

symptoms of pseudogout mimic what 2 pathologies

RA and OA

3 main types of juvenile arthritis

systemic polyarticular oligoarticular/pauciarticular

group of bone disorders characterized by faulty bone formation

dysostosis affects clavicles and facial bones

lateral curvature of the spine occruing at puberty

scoliosis functional and structural

what does Osgood schlatters affect

knee

what is Sprengles deformity

underdeveloped, elevated, small scapula

what does Sever's affect

the heel

blood flow disruption to the femoral head is what pathology

legg-calve-perthes

RA is

polyarticular and symmetrical OA is not symmetrical

in what pathology do vertebra grow unevenly during childhood while growth is still occurring, causing wedging of vertebra and causing spine to curve more than normal

Scheurmann's disease

cause of psoriatic arthritis

genetic link to environmental factors immune system attacks healthy cells causing the production of IL-23 - a cytokine that produces chronic inflammation

imbalance between bone deposition and bone decomposition causing the bone tissue to become porous making it weak and brittle

osteoporosis

different causes of central canal stenosis/spinal stenosis

- disc degeneration - osteophyte formation - central spinal cord is narrowed by a thickened ligament - injury compressing spinal cord