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Patho 2 > quiz 1 msk pathologies > Flashcards

quiz 1 msk pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

TP of L5 fuses to sacrum or ilium on one or both sides is called ____

A

sacralization

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2
Q

1st and 2nd segments of sacrum fail to fuse and are freely movable - it appears lumbar spine has 6 vertebra is called ______

A

lumbarization

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3
Q

frozen shoulder stages

A

freezing = any movement causes pain, ROM decreases

frozen = pain diminishes, becomes stiffer

thawing = ROM improves

  • synovial capsule covering the GH joint thickens and tightens
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4
Q

pronator teres syndrom vs anterior interosseous syndrome

A

PTS = motor and sensory loss, mm atrophy

AINS = motor loss, no mm atrophy

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5
Q

order of stages of RA
SPCFA

A

synovitis
pannus formation
cartilage erosion
fibrosis
ankylosis

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6
Q

weak, disordered and brittle bones - bone is replaced faster than it is broken down

A

paget’s

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7
Q

tuberculosis of the spine =

A

Pott’s

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8
Q

joint pain/swelling/stiffness caused by bacterial infection - synovitis that destroys joint surfaces and underlying bone causing pain and ossification of tendons and ligaments at insertion points is called ______

A

reactive arthritis

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9
Q

“sausage fingers”
immune system attacks healthy cells causing production of IL-23 a cytokine that produces chronic inflammation in bones, tendon and skin, nails crumble/ look pitted, enthesitis (inflammation where tendon attaches to bone is called _____

A

psoriatic arthritis

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10
Q

form of arthritis , crystalization of uric acid inside a joint forming tophi surrounding the joint

A

gout

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11
Q

invasion of a single joint space w bacteria, fungi, virus - causing acutely painful and swollen joints - staph, gonococcal- diagnosed by aspiration of synovial fluid from joint

A

infectious/ septic arthritis

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12
Q

what is the role of HLA-B27 in AS

A

defect in the gene called human leukocyte antigen or HLA-B27

90% of sufferers have this mutation

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13
Q

how does pagets disease present radiographically

A

disorganized type of fibrous collagen connective tissue that doesnt ossify = weak, distorted and brittle

2 stages
1) vascular
2) sclerotic

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14
Q

defect on the pars interarticularis of vertebral arch on vertebra - common in lumbar, from repetitive stress is called _______

A

Spondylolysis

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15
Q

what is spondylitis

A

inflammation of intervertebral joints

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16
Q

forward displacement of vertebra on the one below, most often the 5th lumbar vertebra - congenital

A

spondylolisthesis

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17
Q

degenerative osteoarthritis between centers of spinal vertebral joints around the discs and vertebral bodies at end plates, bone spurs grow - is called _______

A

spondylosis

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18
Q

fibrosis of palmar fascia causing shortening of digits 3,4,5 causing them to be flexed

nodules develop in palm then form longitudinal cord separate from nearby tendons is called _____

A

Dupuytren’s contracture

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19
Q

permanent contracture of forearm mm’s including hand, fingers, wrist = claw like deformity due to ichemia

A

Volkmann’s contracture

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20
Q

how does Klumpke’s occur

A

traction/ compression to LOWER trunk of brachial plexus C8/T1 = shoulder is pulled laterally at birth causing motor and sensory defects down the arm

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21
Q

how does Erbs occur

A

traction/ compression to UPPER trunk of brachial plexus at C5/C6, happens at birth - sh is pulled laterally affecting motor and sensory down the arm

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22
Q

how does Horner’s occur

A

disruption of nerve pathway in the sympathetic division of the ANS from brain to face and eye on ONE side

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23
Q

how does Saturday night palsy occur

A

compression of the radial nerve by resting arm on the back of a chair

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24
Q

compression neuropathy of median nerve at elbow from repititive grasping causing weakness at flexor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis brevis

A

pronator teres syndrome

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25
Q

compression of ulnar nerve cubital tunnel causing numbness/tingling in 4th or 5th digit & aching pain on medial side of elbow

A

cubital tunnel syndrome

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26
Q

what nerve passes through the tunnel of Guyon

A

ulnar

when compressed = ulnar tunnel syndrome

27
Q

anterior interosseous nerve syndrome

A

a motor branch of the median nerve that branches between the 2 heads of pronator teres and run deep along the interosseous membrane - becomes trapped and causes compression

28
Q

posterior interosseous nerve syndrome

A

compression of the motor posterior interosseous nerve where it passes through musculotendinous radial tunnel - can cause paralysis of digit and thumb extensor mm’s

29
Q

softening/ breakdown of cartilage tissue on the underside of the patella causing anterior knee pain

A

chondromalacia patella

cartilage degenerates from maltracking of patella, abnormal Q angle, trauma to bone causing enzymatic digestion causing chondrocytes to break down

30
Q

what is jumpers knee

A

patellar and quadriceps tendinitis

31
Q

“runner’s knee” pain in and around patella from overuse, repetitive movements

A

patellofemoral syndrome

32
Q

inflammation of patellar ligament on tibial tuberosity - common in growth spurt - painful bump below knee

A

Osgoode schlatters

worsens w activity - from repititive stressed

repetitive traction pulls on the tubercle and the growth plate leading to inflammation in growth plate

33
Q

what structures are affected w radial nerve compression

A

finger and wrist drop

affects the posterior interosseous branch

34
Q

what structures are affected w a suprascapular nerve compression

A

pain and weakness in infra and supra mm’s

35
Q

what structures are affected w long thoracic nerve compression

A

serratus anterior - causing winged scapula

36
Q

what structures are affected w a median nerve compression

A

pronator teres mm
anterior interosseous
pain at flexor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis brevis

37
Q

what structures are affected w compression at the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

burning in upper lateral thigh that can extend to knee

(meralgia paresthetica)

38
Q

neural tube defect due to lack of folic acid and failure of spinous processes uniting

A

spina bifida

39
Q

what are seronegative spondyloarthropathy disorders

A

a group of disorders characterized by lack of serum markers HLA-B27 causing inflammation of synovial joints

40
Q

what are the 4 seronegative spondyloarthropathy disorders

A
  1. Anklyosing spondylitis
  2. Reactive arthritis
  3. Psoriatic arthritis
  4. Arthritis associated w IBD
41
Q

crepitus, morning stiffness that improves later, herberden’s nodes

A

osteoarthritis

42
Q

how does AS affect the spine and which areas

A

inflammation in intervertebral joints, tendon and ligament insertion points, fibrosis of joint capsule

sacroiliac, achilles tendon, hips, shoulders, costovertebral joints

hyperkyphosis

43
Q

what is brittle bone disease called

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

44
Q

age related degenerative joint disease - cartilage degenerates from stresses on joints over time

A

osteoarthritis

proteoglycan levels drop

subchondral bone, bone spurs, osteophytes

form JOINT MICE (loose bits in the cavity)

45
Q

bone infection caused by bacteria

A

osteomyelitis

46
Q

Imbalance between bone deposition (bone making) and bone decomposition causing bone tissue to become porous

More bone is being decomposed then deposited making it weak / brittle

A

osteoporosis

47
Q

what are the 4 compartments of the lower leg

A

anterior
superficial posterior
deep posterior
lateral

48
Q

how is paget’s disease managed

A

bisphosphonates or calcitonin

complications = fractures, bow legs, kyphosis, mishapen skull, bone pain

49
Q

what are some pathological changes occurring in RA

A

non suppurative synovitis in joints leading to progressive destruction of the articular cartilage and inflammation of synovial membrane

vasodilation, increased permeability and forms exudate which causes red, swollen, painful joint

symmetrical / polyarticular

activation of T helper cells that produce cyokines then activate B cells to produce antibodies

50
Q

RA deformities

A

boutonniere deformity - PIP is permanently bent towards palm while the DIP is bent back

ulnar deviation - swelling of MCP causing fingers to displace bending towards 5th digit

swan neck deformity - hyperextension of PIP joint w flexion of DIP joint

51
Q

form of arthritis characterized by sudden, painful swelling of one or more joints

crystal deposition in the joints made of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

A

pseudogout

52
Q

symptoms of pseudogout mimic what 2 pathologies

A

RA and OA

53
Q

3 main types of juvenile arthritis

A

systemic
polyarticular
oligoarticular/pauciarticular

54
Q

group of bone disorders characterized by faulty bone formation

A

dysostosis

affects clavicles and facial bones

55
Q

lateral curvature of the spine occruing at puberty

A

scoliosis

functional and structural

56
Q

what does Osgood schlatters affect

A

knee

57
Q

what is Sprengles deformity

A

underdeveloped, elevated, small scapula

58
Q

what does Sever’s affect

A

the heel

59
Q

blood flow disruption to the femoral head is what pathology

A

legg-calve-perthes

60
Q

RA is

A

polyarticular and symmetrical
OA is not symmetrical

61
Q

in what pathology do vertebra grow unevenly during childhood while growth is still occurring, causing wedging of vertebra and causing spine to curve more than normal

A

Scheurmann’s disease

62
Q

cause of psoriatic arthritis

A

genetic link to environmental factors

immune system attacks healthy cells causing the production of IL-23 - a cytokine that produces chronic inflammation

63
Q

imbalance between bone deposition and bone decomposition causing the bone tissue to become porous making it weak and brittle

A

osteoporosis

64
Q

different causes of central canal stenosis/spinal stenosis

A
  • disc degeneration
  • osteophyte formation
  • central spinal cord is narrowed by a thickened ligament
  • injury compressing spinal cord

Patho 2 (6 decks)

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