quiz 1 msk pathologies Flashcards
TP of L5 fuses to sacrum or ilium on one or both sides is called ____
sacralization
1st and 2nd segments of sacrum fail to fuse and are freely movable - it appears lumbar spine has 6 vertebra is called ______
lumbarization
frozen shoulder stages
freezing = any movement causes pain, ROM decreases
frozen = pain diminishes, becomes stiffer
thawing = ROM improves
- synovial capsule covering the GH joint thickens and tightens
pronator teres syndrom vs anterior interosseous syndrome
PTS = motor and sensory loss, mm atrophy
AINS = motor loss, no mm atrophy
order of stages of RA
SPCFA
synovitis
pannus formation
cartilage erosion
fibrosis
ankylosis
weak, disordered and brittle bones - bone is replaced faster than it is broken down
paget’s
tuberculosis of the spine =
Pott’s
joint pain/swelling/stiffness caused by bacterial infection - synovitis that destroys joint surfaces and underlying bone causing pain and ossification of tendons and ligaments at insertion points is called ______
reactive arthritis
“sausage fingers”
immune system attacks healthy cells causing production of IL-23 a cytokine that produces chronic inflammation in bones, tendon and skin, nails crumble/ look pitted, enthesitis (inflammation where tendon attaches to bone is called _____
psoriatic arthritis
form of arthritis , crystalization of uric acid inside a joint forming tophi surrounding the joint
gout
invasion of a single joint space w bacteria, fungi, virus - causing acutely painful and swollen joints - staph, gonococcal- diagnosed by aspiration of synovial fluid from joint
infectious/ septic arthritis
what is the role of HLA-B27 in AS
defect in the gene called human leukocyte antigen or HLA-B27
90% of sufferers have this mutation
how does pagets disease present radiographically
disorganized type of fibrous collagen connective tissue that doesnt ossify = weak, distorted and brittle
2 stages
1) vascular
2) sclerotic
defect on the pars interarticularis of vertebral arch on vertebra - common in lumbar, from repetitive stress is called _______
Spondylolysis
what is spondylitis
inflammation of intervertebral joints
forward displacement of vertebra on the one below, most often the 5th lumbar vertebra - congenital
spondylolisthesis
degenerative osteoarthritis between centers of spinal vertebral joints around the discs and vertebral bodies at end plates, bone spurs grow - is called _______
spondylosis
fibrosis of palmar fascia causing shortening of digits 3,4,5 causing them to be flexed
nodules develop in palm then form longitudinal cord separate from nearby tendons is called _____
Dupuytren’s contracture
permanent contracture of forearm mm’s including hand, fingers, wrist = claw like deformity due to ichemia
Volkmann’s contracture
how does Klumpke’s occur
traction/ compression to LOWER trunk of brachial plexus C8/T1 = shoulder is pulled laterally at birth causing motor and sensory defects down the arm
how does Erbs occur
traction/ compression to UPPER trunk of brachial plexus at C5/C6, happens at birth - sh is pulled laterally affecting motor and sensory down the arm
how does Horner’s occur
disruption of nerve pathway in the sympathetic division of the ANS from brain to face and eye on ONE side
how does Saturday night palsy occur
compression of the radial nerve by resting arm on the back of a chair
compression neuropathy of median nerve at elbow from repititive grasping causing weakness at flexor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis brevis
pronator teres syndrome
compression of ulnar nerve cubital tunnel causing numbness/tingling in 4th or 5th digit & aching pain on medial side of elbow
cubital tunnel syndrome
what nerve passes through the tunnel of Guyon
ulnar
when compressed = ulnar tunnel syndrome
anterior interosseous nerve syndrome
a motor branch of the median nerve that branches between the 2 heads of pronator teres and run deep along the interosseous membrane - becomes trapped and causes compression
posterior interosseous nerve syndrome
compression of the motor posterior interosseous nerve where it passes through musculotendinous radial tunnel - can cause paralysis of digit and thumb extensor mm’s
softening/ breakdown of cartilage tissue on the underside of the patella causing anterior knee pain
chondromalacia patella
cartilage degenerates from maltracking of patella, abnormal Q angle, trauma to bone causing enzymatic digestion causing chondrocytes to break down
what is jumpers knee
patellar and quadriceps tendinitis
“runner’s knee” pain in and around patella from overuse, repetitive movements
patellofemoral syndrome
inflammation of patellar ligament on tibial tuberosity - common in growth spurt - painful bump below knee
Osgoode schlatters
worsens w activity - from repititive stressed
repetitive traction pulls on the tubercle and the growth plate leading to inflammation in growth plate
what structures are affected w radial nerve compression
finger and wrist drop
affects the posterior interosseous branch
what structures are affected w a suprascapular nerve compression
pain and weakness in infra and supra mm’s
what structures are affected w long thoracic nerve compression
serratus anterior - causing winged scapula
what structures are affected w a median nerve compression
pronator teres mm
anterior interosseous
pain at flexor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis brevis
what structures are affected w compression at the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
burning in upper lateral thigh that can extend to knee
(meralgia paresthetica)
neural tube defect due to lack of folic acid and failure of spinous processes uniting
spina bifida
what are seronegative spondyloarthropathy disorders
a group of disorders characterized by lack of serum markers HLA-B27 causing inflammation of synovial joints
what are the 4 seronegative spondyloarthropathy disorders
- Anklyosing spondylitis
- Reactive arthritis
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Arthritis associated w IBD
crepitus, morning stiffness that improves later, herberden’s nodes
osteoarthritis
how does AS affect the spine and which areas
inflammation in intervertebral joints, tendon and ligament insertion points, fibrosis of joint capsule
sacroiliac, achilles tendon, hips, shoulders, costovertebral joints
hyperkyphosis
what is brittle bone disease called
osteogenesis imperfecta
age related degenerative joint disease - cartilage degenerates from stresses on joints over time
osteoarthritis
proteoglycan levels drop
subchondral bone, bone spurs, osteophytes
form JOINT MICE (loose bits in the cavity)
bone infection caused by bacteria
osteomyelitis
Imbalance between bone deposition (bone making) and bone decomposition causing bone tissue to become porous
More bone is being decomposed then deposited making it weak / brittle
osteoporosis
what are the 4 compartments of the lower leg
anterior
superficial posterior
deep posterior
lateral
how is paget’s disease managed
bisphosphonates or calcitonin
complications = fractures, bow legs, kyphosis, mishapen skull, bone pain
what are some pathological changes occurring in RA
non suppurative synovitis in joints leading to progressive destruction of the articular cartilage and inflammation of synovial membrane
vasodilation, increased permeability and forms exudate which causes red, swollen, painful joint
symmetrical / polyarticular
activation of T helper cells that produce cyokines then activate B cells to produce antibodies
RA deformities
boutonniere deformity - PIP is permanently bent towards palm while the DIP is bent back
ulnar deviation - swelling of MCP causing fingers to displace bending towards 5th digit
swan neck deformity - hyperextension of PIP joint w flexion of DIP joint
form of arthritis characterized by sudden, painful swelling of one or more joints
crystal deposition in the joints made of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
pseudogout
symptoms of pseudogout mimic what 2 pathologies
RA and OA
3 main types of juvenile arthritis
systemic
polyarticular
oligoarticular/pauciarticular
group of bone disorders characterized by faulty bone formation
dysostosis
affects clavicles and facial bones
lateral curvature of the spine occruing at puberty
scoliosis
functional and structural
what does Osgood schlatters affect
knee
what is Sprengles deformity
underdeveloped, elevated, small scapula
what does Sever’s affect
the heel
blood flow disruption to the femoral head is what pathology
legg-calve-perthes
RA is
polyarticular and symmetrical
OA is not symmetrical
in what pathology do vertebra grow unevenly during childhood while growth is still occurring, causing wedging of vertebra and causing spine to curve more than normal
Scheurmann’s disease
cause of psoriatic arthritis
genetic link to environmental factors
immune system attacks healthy cells causing the production of IL-23 - a cytokine that produces chronic inflammation
imbalance between bone deposition and bone decomposition causing the bone tissue to become porous making it weak and brittle
osteoporosis
different causes of central canal stenosis/spinal stenosis
- disc degeneration
- osteophyte formation
- central spinal cord is narrowed by a thickened ligament
- injury compressing spinal cord
