Quiz 1 Flashcards
Composition of umbilical cord
2 arteries and 1 vein
Times to do APGAR evaluations
1 minute and 5 minutes
Categories of the APGAR test
- Heart rate
- Respiratory effort
- Muscle tone
- Response to cath in nostril
- Color
Good-excellent APGAR score
7-10
Fair APGAR score
4-6
Poor APGAR score
<4
Condition in which two or more digits are fused together
Syndactyly
Condition of being born with an extra digit
Polydactyly
ideal respiratory rate of newborn
30-60
ideal heart rate of newborn
100-160
ideal blood pressure of newborn
60/35
ideal rectal temp of newborn
99.1
most common presenting symptom of sepsis in a newborn
respiratory distress due to pneumonia
Caput Succedaneum
- swelling of a newborn’s scalp
- brought on by pressure in uterus or vagina
- crosses the suture lines
Cephalohematoma
- a hemorrhage of blood between the skull and the periosteum of a newborn
- within the suture lines
What should you think when a newborn has a bounding pulse?
patent ductus arteriosus
tracheomalacia
-narrowing/collapse tracheal structures -resolves by 18 mos
Types of hernias that are more common
umbilical and inguinal
types of hernias that are uncommon
femoral and epigastric
cause of elevated bilirubin in newborns
high turnover of RBCs and hepatic immaturity
serum levels of bilirubin in normal, physiologic jaundice
<14mg/dl
serum levels of bilirubin in severe hyperbilirubinemia
> 15-20mg/dl
the most common cause of respiratory distress in preterm babies
hyaline membrane disease in which there is a surfactant deficiency
most common autosomal chromosomal abnormality causing mental retardation
Down’s Syndrome
what signs of Turner syndrome are evident at birth?
- webbing on neck
- edema of hands and feet
mental development of Turner syndrome patients
normal
Turner syndrome treatment
-estrogen and maybe GH
Kleinfelter’s Syndrome
- more than one “X” chromosome in males
- Ex: XXY, XXXY
Kleinfelter’s syndrome treatment
testosterone therapy at puberty
Fragile X Syndrome
- due to the presence of a “fragile” site on the X chromosome where’s there’s a gap in the chromatin
- often involves mitral valve prolapse, strabismus, and connective tissue defects
- patients often have hyper-arousal, anxiety, mood swings, and moderate-severe retardation
What is the most common hereditary cause of mental retardation in males?
Fragile X Syndrome
What facial anomalies are associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?
- Microcephaly
- Strabismus, ptosis
- Flattened mid-face, short nose
- Indistinct philtrum
- Thin upper lip
- Micrognathia-smallness of jaw (usually lower)
Marfan Syndrome
- due to gene mutations resulting in reduced production of fibrillin
- resulting connective tissue disorders involve: long extremities, joint hyperreflexia, aortic root weakness/aneurysms/enlargement, lens subluxation
