Cardiology Flashcards
A mother brings in her 3 week old infant. The baby has a heart rate of 80. Is this ok?
No, it is low.
< 1 mo: 80 is low
A mother brings in her 2 month old infant. The baby’s heart rate is 160. Is this ok?
No, it is high.
< 1 mo: 160 is high
If a baby is 1-3 months, what is a low heart rate?
80
If a baby is 1-3 months, what is a high heart rate?
200
If a baby is between 2-24 months what is a low heart rate? What is a high one?
Low: 70
High: 120
If a child has a heart rate of 60, what age group would this be considered low?
2-10 years
If a child has a heart rate of 90, what ages would this be considered high?
2-10 years AND 11-18 years
Basically: 2-18 years
A mother brings in her child and her heart rate is 40 and is considered low. What age range would you expect the child to be?
11-18 years
Which genetic syndrome is most predisposed to Atrial Septal Defect?
Down Syndrome patients
T/F: Doctors do not recommend surgery for children with ASD that are < 1 year old.
False. It IS recommended
What kind of shunt is ASD?
Left to right
A child is brought in with complaints of: -Difficulty and rapid breathing -Wheezing -Fatigue -Lack of appetite -Poor weight gain -Pale skin color -Bluish discoloration of the lips and skin -Excessive sweating -Irregular or rapid heartbeat -Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet What is the baby's most likely diagnosis?
Atrial Septal Defect
In layman’s terms, what is ASD?
A hole in the heart between the atria
In ASD, which atria has the higher pressure?
Left
If an infant has ASD, when do they become symptomatic?
Within the first few weeks of life
Which genetic syndrome is most predisposed to Coarctation of the aorta?
Turner’s Syndrome patients
What is coarctation of the aorta?
Narrowing of the aorta
Where does coarctation of the aorta usually occur?
The descending section
If a baby has coarctation of the aorta, what effect will you see in the pulses?
UE pulses will be bounding
LE pulses will be very faint
If a baby is born with severe coarctation of the aorta, when will they be symptomatic?
Shortly after birth
A mother brings in her baby. She claims the baby has had difficulty breathing and feeding. You inspect the baby and note heavy sweating; the baby is irritable and has pale skin. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Coarctation of the aorta
A father brings in his son. The boy says he’s had a horrible headache and chest pain for days, and his legs and feet are cramping. He says when he plays basketball when his friends, his muscles feel weak. His dad added that he’s had nosebleeds a lot recently. What is his most likely diagnosis?
Coarctation of the aorta
What is the treatment for coarctation of the aorta?
Ballooning the aorta
Bicuspid Aortic Valve disease is seen with what other cardiac disease?
Coarctation of the aorta
What genetic condition is most predisposed to Aortic dissection/Aneurysm?
Marfans syndrome
How does Marfans syndrome affect the aorta?
it causes a weakening of the aortic walls
What condition is described as “the inner layer of the aorta tears”?
Aortic Aneurysm
What is occurring during Aortic aneurysm?
Blood surges through the tear causing the inner and middle layers of the aorta to separate.
When can aortic aneurysm be fatal?
If the blood filled channel ruptures through the outside aortic wall
T/F: Aortic dissection may present with symptoms of a heart attack.
True
T/F: Turners Syndrome may have Mitral regurgitation.
False: Marfans syndrome may have mitral regurgitation
A patient comes in with her son who has been complaining of sudden severe chest pain that radiates to the neck. He was at T ball practice and loss consciousness (fainted). The boy mentions he feels short of breath; while he’s talking to you, you notice he is having trouble talking and is squinting at you. You inquire about his vision and he states recently it has been blurry. You check his pulses and note the pulse on one arm is stronger than another. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Aortic Dissection/Aneurysm
If you perform a valsalva test with a patient who has a murmur–you find that the murmurs increases. What could it be?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What are contraindications for sports participation?
- Acute myocarditis or pericarditis
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What is the tx for prophylaxis of SBE?
-Amoxicillin 50mg/kg orally 1 hr prior to the procedure
What medications should be given for SBE prophylaxis if the patient is Penicillin allergic?
Clindamycin Cephalexin Cefadroxil Azithromycin Clarithromycin
Downs patients are susceptible to what?
Tetralogy of Fallot
ASD
VSD
PDA
Turner’s patients are susceptible to what?
Bicuspid aortic valve
Coarctation
Marfan syndrome patients are susceptible to what?
Mitral valve regurgitation
Aortic aneurism
Arrhythmia
Who is at Moderate risk for SBE?
- Mitral valve prolapse (adolescent girls)
- Acquired valvular dysfunction (can be caused by rheumatic fever)
- Uncorrected CHD
