Peds Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Categories of APGAR test
A
- heart rate
- respiratory effort
- muscle tone
- response to cath in nose
- color
2
Q
APGAR scores
A
- 7-10: excellent
- 4-6: fair
- < 4: poor
3
Q
When is APGAR test performed?
A
- 1 min
- 5 mins
- 10 minutes in severely depressed infants
4
Q
Most common autosomal chromosomal abnormality causing mental retardation?
A
Down’s Syndrome
5
Q
Down’s patients make up what percentage of mental retardation cases?
A
about 1/3
6
Q
Disorders that are associated with Down’s
A
- hypothyroidism
- hearing loss
- leukemia
- atlanto-axial instability (ligament laxity)
- developmental hip dysplasia
7
Q
Patau Syn
A
Trisomy 13
8
Q
Edward’s Syn
A
trisomy 18
9
Q
disorder involving only one X chromosome
A
Turner’s syndrome
10
Q
disorder involving multiple X chromosomes of a male
A
Klinefelter’s syndrome
11
Q
cause of Fragile X syndrome
A
chromatin gap on the X chromosome
12
Q
defects associated with Fragile X syndrome
A
- mitral valve prolapse
- strabismus
- connective tissue defects
- moderate to severe mental retardation
- hyperarousal, anxiety, mood swings
13
Q
what is the most common inheritable cause of mental retardation in males?
A
Fragile X syndrome
14
Q
Most common drug-induced congenital defect
A
Fetal alcohol syndrome
15
Q
3rd most common cause of mental retardation
A
-fetal alcohol syndrome
16
Q
Congenital syndrome associated with:
- dysmorphic fetures
- heart defects
- short stature
A
Down’s syndrome
17
Q
Congenital syndrome associated with:
- webbing of the neck
- edema of the hands and feet
A
Turner’s syndrome
18
Q
Congenital syndrome associated with:
- tall stature
- diminished male pattern hair
- female type pubic hair
- gynecomastia
A
Klinefelter’s syndrome
19
Q
Congenital syndrome associated with:
- growth retardation
- microcephaly
- flattened mid-face
- short nose
- indistinct philtrum
- thin upper lip
A
Fetal Alcohol syndrome
20
Q
Cause of Marfan Syndrome
A
-genetic mutation resulting in reduced production of fibrillin
21
Q
Congenital syndrome associated with:
- long, spindly extremities
- spider fingers
- joint hyperreflexia
A
Marfan Syndrome
22
Q
What should you think if you observe decreased femoral pulses in a neonate?
A
coarctation of the aorta
23
Q
what should you think if you observe bounding pulses in a neonate?
A
Patent ductus arteriosis
24
Q
Bilirubin levels associated with physiologic jaundice
A
- > 5mg/dL
- Usually peaks at 14-15mg/dL by day 3-5
25
Bilirubin levels associated with significant jaundice
>20mg/dL
26
Cause of breast milk jaundice
- prolonged increased circulation of bilirubin
| - may be due to increased fatty acids in the milk
27
History associated with "Breast feeding associated jaundice"
- decreased stooling
- crying from hunger
- weight loss of 10% from birth
28
Follow-up recommended for jaundiced or breast-fed neonates?
2-3 days
29
When do you give Prevnar?
2, 4, 6, 12-15 months
30
When do you give DTAP?
- 2, 4, 6, 12-15 months
| - And 4-6 years
31
When do you give TdaP?
11-13 years
32
When do you give IPV vaccine?
- 2, 4, 6-18 months
| - and 4-6 years
33
When do you give HIB vaccine?
- 2, 4, and 6 months
| - booster at 12-15 months
34
When do you give Hep B vaccine?
- 2, 4, and 6 months
- given ASAP when mom is positive
- given within 12 hours if mom in unknown
35
When do you give MMR?
- twice at 12-15 months
| - then again at 2-6 years
36
When do you give varicella vaccine?
12 months - 12 years
37
When do you give Hep A vaccine?
- 1st injection at year 1
| - 2nd injection 6 months later
38
When do you give MCV4 vaccine?
11-18 years
39
When do you give Gardasil?
- First dose at 11-12 years
- second dose 2 months after 1st dose
- third dose 6 months after 1st dose
40
Most common pathogens for otitis media
- S. pneumococcus is #1
- H. influenza
- M. catarrhalis
41
Pathogens associated with Swimmer's ear?
- S. aureus
| - Pseudomonas
42
Pathogens associated with acute sinusitis?
- pneumococcus
- H. influenza
- M. catarrhalis
43
Pathogens associated with pharyngitis/tonsilitis?
- 90% viral
| - group A beta hemolytic strep
44
oral motor period
0-6 months
45
infant-parent bonding period
1-3 months
46
infant-parent attachment period
3-6 months
47
manipulative play period
6-12 months
48
Stranger anxiety period
6-9 months
49
Separation anxiety play
9-12 months
50
Functional play period
12-24 months
51
Imaginary play period
>24 months
52
supplementation recommended for strictly breast fed babies?
Trivisol
53
Reflexes that disappear by 3-4 months
- rooting
- palmar grasp-curl
- placing-stepping
54
Reflexes that disappear by 4-6 months
- Moro startle
| - asymmetric tonic neck
55
What is a "white pupil" called?
Leukocoria
56
Onset of neonatal conjunctivitis caused by gonorrhea?
2-4 days
57
Onset of neonatal conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia
3-10 days (most by day 5)
58
Onset of neonatal conjunctivitis caused by HSV
2-16 days
59
most common pediatric ocular problem
bacterial conjunctivits
60
treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Ocuflox or vigamox drops
61
pathogens causing bacterial conjunctivitis?
- pneumococus
- S. aureus
- H. influenzae
62
What eye pathology should you think of when you see pre-auricular lymphadenopathy?
viral conjunctivitis
63
What sort of conjunctivitis should you think of when you see cobblestoning?
allergic
64
allergic conjunctivitis treatment
- vasoconstrictors
- topical cromolyn
- oral antihistamines
65
inflammation of the lid margins
Blepharitis
66
treatment for gonorrhea conjunctivitis
single dose of Ceftriaxone
67
treatment for chlamydia conjunctivitis
oral and ointment erythromycin
68
treatment for HSV conjunctivitis
-viroptic solution
| acyclovir
69
infected gland of Zeis at the base of the eyelash
hordeolum (stye)
70
chronic inflammatory lesion involving hte Meibomian gland
-Chalazion
71
infection of the nasolacrimal duct
dacrocystitis
72
Infecting pathogens associated with orbital cellulitis
- H. influenza
- S. pyogenes
- pneumococcus
- S. aureus
73
Orbital cellulitis treatment
-IV ceftriaxone, vancomycin, ampicillin
74
Abdominal mass + distension of the abdomen
celiac disease
75
olive-shaped mass to the right of the midline
pyloric stenosis
76
nephrotic syndrome definition
excessive urinary excretion of plasma proteins sufficient to cause hypoalbuminemia
77
hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome
- edema
- proteinuria
- hypoproteinemia
- hyperlipidemia
78
Treatment of GER and GERD
- rantidine
| - metoclopramide
79
bacteremia etiology
- strep pneumo: 50-80%
| - H. influenza 2nd cause
80
bacteremia treatment
IV ceftriaxone in the hospital
81
neonatal bacterial meningitis treatment
- Ampicillin
| - Cefotaxime
82
Child bacterial meningitis treatment
- cefotaxime
| - ceftriaxone
83
lumbar puncture location
-between 3rd and 4th vertebrae
84
preferred asthma treatment
-corticosteroids and B2 agonists
85
is croup bacterial or viral?
viral
86
croup most common cause
parainfluenza virus
87
Chromosome mutation for cystic fibrosis?
7
88
what is the most common lethal genetic disease?
cystic fibrosis
89
cause of bronchiolitis?
main etiology is RSV
90
most common cause of epiglottis?
H. influenza B
91
x-ray identification of epiglottitis
thumb sign
92
cause of pertussis?
Bordetella pertussis
93
neonate pneumonia pathogens
- GBS
- chlamydia
- cytomegalovirus
94
1-3 months pneumonia pathogens
- RSV
- parainfluenza
- influenza
- S. aureus
- aspirated anaerobes
95
4month to 5 year pneumonia pathogens
- RSV, parainfluenza, influenza, adenoirus, measles, HIV
| - pneumococcus, H. influenza, S. aureus, B. pertusses
96
pneumonia pathogens in older children/adolescents
- mycoplasma
- chlamyida
- influenza
- measles
- pneumococcus
- S. aureus
97
where is pneumonia usually located in babies?
upper lobes
98
where is pneumonia usually locatd in older children?
lower lobes
99
What should you think when you see tea-colored urine?
glomerulonephritis
100
Berger's disease
IgA nephropathy that presents 1-2 days after febrile URI
101
progressive HTN, deafness, renal failure
Alport's syndrome
