Peds Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
When does a child’s brain reach 2/3 of its final size?
A
Age 2-3
2
Q
Weight change in the first year of life
A
Birth weight triples
3
Q
At what age should the weight be at or above the birth weight?
A
2 weeks
4
Q
What should the weight be at 2 weeks?
A
At or above birth weight
5
Q
At what age does a child regard faces?
A
2 weeks
6
Q
Age of rolling from stomach to back
A
4 months
7
Q
Age when laughter begins
A
4 months
8
Q
Age when head is lifted 90’ without lag
A
4 months
9
Q
Age what child babbles or makes “raspberry” sound
A
4 months
10
Q
Age when child sits with support
A
4 months
11
Q
When should you introduce solids for formula-fed babies?
A
4 months
12
Q
When should you check for strabismus?
A
4 months
13
Q
Age of reaching/scooping up cheerios using thumb
A
6 months
14
Q
Age at which child sits momentarily
A
6 months
15
Q
Age child imitates “bye-bye”
A
6 months
16
Q
Age when child transfers objects
A
6 months
17
Q
Age when child rolls from back to stomach
A
6 months
18
Q
Age when AAP recommends floride supplementation
A
6 months
19
Q
Age at which you should screen for anemia?
A
6 months
20
Q
Age when child stands
A
12 months
21
Q
Age when child cruises/begins walking
A
12 months
22
Q
Age when child develops a good pincer grasp
A
12 months
23
Q
Age when child uses 2-3 words and points to desired things
A
12 months
24
Q
Age when child should get table food and milk
A
12 months
25
Age when you should screen for lead and anemia
12 months
26
Age when child should hop on one foot
4 years
27
Age when child should throw a ball
4 years
28
Age when child should cut with scissors
4 years
29
Age when child should copy a circle or cross
4 years
30
Age when child should count and recognize colors
4 years
31
Age when child should understand the word "stranger"
4 years
32
Age when child should dress themselves (except shoes)
4 years
33
Age when child should self-care at the toilet
4 years
34
Good to excellent APGAR score
7 - 10
35
Fair APGAR score
4-6
36
Poor APGAR score
< 4
37
APGAR score of < 4
Poor
38
APGAR score of 4-6
Fair
39
APGAR score of 7-10
Good-excellent
40
Normal respiratory rate of a newborn
30-60
41
Normal HR of a newborn
100-160
42
Normal BP of a newborn
60/35
43
Normal temperature of a newborn
99.1
44
What should you think if you have abdominal distention in a newborn?
Celiac Disease
45
How does celiac disease usually present under age 2?
- Failure to thrive
- malabsorption
- bloating
- foul, explosive stools
- vomiting
46
What should you think if you observe an olive-shaped mass to the right of the midline?
Pyloric stenosis
47
How might pyloric stenosis present?
- With an olive-shaped mass to the right of the midline
- Projectile vomiting
- Sometimes can see visual peristalsis after feeding
48
What causes pyloric stenosis?
-Hypertrophy of muscles of the pylorus with elongation and thickening leading to obstruction
49
Evidence of hip dislocation/dysplasia in children > 1 year
-Galeazzi sign
50
In what age group is knock-knee normal?
2-8 years
51
In what age group are flat feet normal?
-Infants and toddlers
52
In what age group is in-toeing common?
Until age 8
53
Reflex involving the turning of the infant's mouth toward the stimulus when the cheek is stroked
Rooting
54
Reflex involving the curling of fingers around an object placed within them, without spontaneously letting go
Palmar grasp-curling
55
Reflex involving rapid abduction and extension of arms followed by an embracing motion
Moro (startle)
56
Reflex involving the turning of the infant's head to one side, leading to extension of the extremities on that side and flexion on the contralateral side
Asymmetric tonic neck
57
When does rooting disappear?
3-4 months
58
When does palmar grasp disappear?
3-4 months
59
When does the Moro (startle) reflex disappear?
4-6 months
60
When does the asymmetric tonic neck reflex disappear?
4-6 months
61
When does placing-stepping disappear?
3-4 months
62
Which reflexes disappear at 3-4 months?
- Rooting
- Palmar grasp
- Place-stepping
63
Which reflexes disappear at 4-6 months?
- Moro (startle)
| - Asymmetric tonic neck
64
Where is the needle for a lumbar puncture inserted?
Between the 3rd and 4th vertebrae
65
Describe the cellular, glucose, protein, gram stain, and culture findings for bacterial meningitis
- Cells: 1,000-50,000
- Type: neutrophils
- Glucose: low
- Protein: high
- Gram stain: +/-
- Culture: (+)
66
Describe the cellular, glucose, protein, gram stain, and culture findings for Viral meningitis
- Cells: < 1000
- Type: lymphocytes
- Glucose: normal
- Protein: normal-high
- Gram stain: (-)
- Culture: (-)
67
Describe the cellular, glucose, protein, gram stain, and culture findings for TB meningitis
- Cells: <500
- Type: lymphocytes
- Glucose: low
- Protein: high
- Gram stain: (-)
- Culture: (-)
68
- Cells: <500
- Type: lymphocytes
- Glucose: low
- Protein: high
- Gram stain: (-)
- Culture: (-)
TB meningitis
69
- Cells: < 1000
- Type: lymphocytes
- Glucose: normal
- Protein: normal-high
- Gram stain: (-)
- Culture: (-)
Viral meningitis
70
- Cells: 1,000-50,000
- Type: neutrophils
- Glucose: low
- Protein: high
- Gram stain: +/-
- Culture: (+)
Bacterial meningitis
71
Major problem of the early phase of asthma
Bronchospasm
72
Major problem of the late phase of asthma
Inflammation
73
Which phase of asthma is worse?
Late
74
Cystic fibrosis is due to a mutation on what chromosome?
7
75
Median survival of CF patients
35 years
76
Pathology involving:
- Abnormal chloride transport
- Lack of normal exocrine pancreatic digestive enzymes
- Mucoid obstruction of the airways
Cystic fibrosis
77
Common etiology of pneumonia in older children and adolescents
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Chlamydia
- Viral: influenza and measles
- Bacterial: pneumococcus, S. aureus
78
What should you think if you see:
- Webbed neck
- Swelling of the hands and feet
- Infertility
Turner's syndrome
79
What should you think if you hospitalize a FTT infant and find that the infant feeds fine and gains weight?
The diet at home is lacking
80
What should you think if you hospitalize a FTT infant and find that the infant feeds fine, but doesn't gain weight?
Malabsorption problems
81
What can you give infants for prophylaxis against neonatal conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatrorum)?
Erythromycin ointment
82
How can you treat N. gonorrhea conjunctivitis?
Single does of Ceftriaxone
83
Major cause of blindness world-wide
Chlamydia trachomatis
84
When does chlamydia conjunctivitis appear in infants?
5 days to several weeks
85
What's the big way to prevent anterior epistaxis?
Discourage nose-picking!!!
86
What's an appropriate way to treat a vomiting child?
- Ice chips
- Very small sips of ice water
- Ice pops from pedialyte
87
Congenital condition involving improper nerve impulses to the muscles of the bowel, resulting in large intestinal blockage
Hirschsprung's
88
Hirschsprungs treatment
Surgery
89
When does Hirschsprungs commonly "start"?
Early infancy
90
Describe the stool of Hirschsprungs disease
Small, ribbon-like
91
How does a child with Hirschsprungs appear?
Chronically ill
92
Is FTT common or rare in Hirschsprungs disease?
Common
93
Describe the anal tone of Hirschsprungs disease
Tight
94
Chromosome with the abnormality is Puetz-Jegher syndrome
19
95
Peutz-Jegher syndrome
- Inherited polyps of the small intestine with melanin lips, mucosa, fingers and toes
- Anemia often results from the polyps' bleeding
96
Most common UTI pathogen
E. coli
97
Factors that promote bacterial access to genital tract
- Poor hygiene
| - Anatomical obstruction
98
In which age group is it most common to find FTT and/or feeding problems as a result of a UTI?
Newborn - 1 month
99
In which age group is it most common to find vomiting/diarrhea as a result of a UTI?
1 month- 2 years
100
In which age group is it most common to find CNS symptoms as a result of a UTI?
Newborn - 1 month
101
In which age group is it most common to find unexplained fever that ends up being the result of a UTI?
2-6 years
102
In which age group is it most common to find strong urine as a result of a UTI?
2-6 years
103
Cardinal sign of right ventricular failure?
Hepatomegaly
104
Does JVD appear before or after hepatomegaly in RV failure in children?
- Later
| - Because liver is more distensible
105
Where do you best hear pulmonic stenosis?
ULSB
106
Where do you best hear ASD?
ULSB
107
Where do you best hear PDA?
ULSB
108
Where do you best hear aortic stenosis?
URSB
109
Where do you best hear venous hum?
URSB
110
Where do you best hear VSD?
LLSB
111
Where do you best hear Tricuspid regurgitation?
LLSB
112
Where do you best hear Mitral regurg?
Apex
113
How can you determine if persistent hypoxemia is cardiac or pulmonary-related?
100% oxygen test
114
What should you think if you have persistent hypoxemia in the setting of 100% O2?
Cardiac sources
115
Color change in skin
Macule
116
Macule
Color change in skin
117
Papule
- Solid
- Raised
- < 1cm
118
- Solid
- Raised
- < 1cm
Papulse
119
Vesicle
- < 1cm
| - Clear serous fluid
120
Bulla
- > 1cm
| - Clear serous fluid
121
> 1cm, filled with clear serous fluid
Bulla
122
< 1cm, filled with clear serous fluid
Vesicle
123
Skin lesion containing purulent exudate
Pustule
124
Nodule
Mass that elevates the skin
125
Elevation of the skin from edema (like with uticaria)
Wheal
126
Wheal
Elevation of the skin from edema (like with uticaria)
127
Most common pediatric endocrine disease
DM Type 1
128
Symptoms of DM Type 1 don't appear until what percentage of pancreatic beta cells have been destroyed?
90%
129
What is the second-most common chronic illness?
DM Type 1
130
Disease involving a deficiency of the enzyme Glucocerebrosidase, caused by a genetic mutation received from both parents
Gaucher Disease
131
Child appears with a rash that's spread down to the trunk from the face. Rash was preceded a prodrome with a fever. You note Koplik spots.
Rubeola (common measles)
132
Blueberry muffin baby
Congenital rubella
133
Triad that accompanies congenital rubella
- Deafness
- Cataracts
- CHD's
134
Cause of Roseola
HSV 6 or 7
135
Which HSV strain tends to cause roseola later in life?
HSV 7
136
"Dewdrops on rose petals" lesions
Varicella (Chickenpox)
137
Skin lesions form in "crops" and itch severely
Varicella (chickenpox)
138
Where do varicella lesions usually begin on the body?
Trunk
139
Cause of Fifth disease
Parvovirus B19
140
Numerous, tiny red papules that cause a sandpaper-like feel to the skin
Scarlet fever
141
Where is the scarlet fever rash the most dense?
On the trunk
142
What parts of the body are affected last by the rash of scarlet fever?
Palms and soles
143
Where does the scarlet fever rash begin and travel?
Begins on neck, then travels to the trunk and extremities
144
Associated with "strawberry tongue" and cervical lymphadenopathy
Scarlet fever
145
Scarlet fever treatment
- Benzathine Penicillin G
| - Penicillin VK
146
Autoimmune disease in which the arteries throughout the body become inflamed
Kawasaki disease
147
- Marked erythema of the conjunctivae, oral mucosa, tongue (strawberry tongue), and lips
- Accompanied by cervical lymphadenopathy and lymph edema
Kawasaki disease
148
How do you confirm the dx of pinworms?
Tape test
149
Home remedy for head lice
Mayonnaise
150
Creams/shampoos for head lice
- Permethrine
- Lindane
- Pyrethrins
151
Is the rash associated with Mono diffuse or focal?
Diffuse
152
Does Kawasaki disease respond to antibiotics?
No
153
How should you treat a newborn if Mom is Hep B positive?
- Give HBIG (HepB Immunoglobulin)
| - And Hep B ASAP followed by 2 doses of Hep B at 1 and 6 months
154
How should you treat a newborn if you don't know if Mom is Hep B positive or not?
-Test the baby, but give baby Hep B vaccine in 12 hours
155
How should you treat a premature newborn if Mom is Hep B positive?
- Give HBIG at birth
| - Give the 3 vaccine Hep B series when weight reaches 2000g (4.4lbs)
