2017 General Peds PPT Flashcards
From birth to 12 months, where does the baby’s nutrition come from (food)?
- Breast milk (if only breast milk, you need to supplement with Vitamin D)
- Formula
When can the baby be introduced to cereal? And why?
4-6 months
Because at this age, the baby can sit with good head and neck control, shows readiness for varied textures by placing toys. hands in their mouth–they can also lean forward and open their mouth
When can a baby eat pureed fruits, veggies, and grains to sustained foods with meats?
6-9 months
When can a child have non-choking finger foods?
9-12 months
When should a baby discontinue breast milk and introduce whole milk?
12 months
What foods should you AVOID until the baby is 12 months/1year?
Honey (the spores in the honey can kill the baby)
If there is a family Hx of allergies, what foods should be avoided until 1-2 years of age?
- Nuts
- Eggs
- Milk products
- Wheat
- Shellfish (crab, lobster, and shrimp)
Why should you avoid fruit juice?
Because it contributes to obesity
When should you screen for oral health in a baby?
Every visit
When should the child begin dentist appointments?
1 year of age
When should you screen for autism in a baby?
Regular screening at 9, 18, and (24 or 30)months
When should you screen for lead in a baby?
Risk assessment starting at 6 months
The screening is performed at 12-24 months
When should you start screening for anemia in a baby?
Risk assessment starts at 6 months
Hct at 12 months
T/F: The newborns hearing screen usually waits to be done 3-5 days after birth.
False: it is completed prior to leaving the nursery
When does a vision screening take place for a child?
Risk assessment begins in newborn period
Screening begins at 3, 4, 5, 6, and then every 2 years
When does a child’s hearing screening take place?
Risk assessment begins in the newborn period
Screening begins at 4,5,6 then every 2 years
What is an active immunization?
Administration of all or part of an organism OR a modified product of a microorganism which evokes an immunologic response to mimic a natural infection
What is HERD immunity?
critical portion of the community is immunized against a contagious disease so there is little opportunity for outbreak
What is the benefit of HERD immunity?
It helps protect people not eligible for vaccines such as: immunocompromised (HIV), pregnant women, and infants
What is a live attenuated vaccine?
It fights the virus, and contains a weakened living version of the virus
DOES NOT CAUSE DISEASE IF THE PERSON IS HEALTHY
What are some examples of a live attenuated vaccine?
MMR
Influenza
Varicella
What is an Inactivated vaccine?
It fights the virus and contains KILLED virus
Usually need multiple doses to build up immunity
What are some examples of an Inactivated vaccine?
Polio
What are toxoid vaccines?
They fight the bacteria that produce toxins
Toxins are weakened to toxoids and this leads to the immune system learning how to fight the natural toxin
Which type of vaccine do you USUALLY need multiple doses to build up immunity?
- Inactivated (MMR)
- Some people have immunity with one, but most need a second or a booster later in life.
What is an example of a toxoid vaccine?
DTaP (Tetanus and Diphtheria are toxoids)
Which type of vaccine do you NEED multiple doses to maintain immunity?
Toxoid
What are subunit vaccines?
Fight viruses and bacteria
Parts of viruses or bacteria = essential antigens
less side effects
What is an example of a subunit vaccine?
DTaP = pertussis portion
What is a conjugate vaccine?
- Fight bacteria with polysaccharide coatings that disguise the antigen
- Connect (conjugate) the polysaccharide to the antigen so the immune system reacts to the coating
What are some examples of a conjugate vaccine?
Hib
PCV (pneumococcal conjugate)
Why don’t catch up schedules for vaccines have the same number of vaccinations?
Because the immune system is more mature
How many doses should a child receive of the influenza vaccine?
2 doses for best protection
Virus changes annually* = shots annually
What are the contraindications to vaccines?
- Anaphylaxis/severe allergy to previous vaccine or component
- Encephalopathy within 7 days of DTP/DTaP
- Live vaccines in pregnancy and immune compromised patients
T/F: Non-severe illness is a contraindication to vaccines.
FALSE
