Quiz 1 Flashcards
the process of understanding upcoming developmental needs and then teaching caretakers to meet those needs
anticipatory guidance
A 2-month-old infant comes in for a well-child visit. Which of the following vaccines should the nurse prepare to administer?
A. MMR
B. Varicella
C. Hepatitis B, DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV13, and RV
D. Influenza
C. Hepatitis B, DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV13, and RV
The parent of a 4-year-old child asks about the vaccines needed for school entry. The nurse should recommend which of the following?
A. Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B
B. DTaP, IPV, MMR, and Varicella
C. Influenza and Hepatitis A
D. RV and Hib
B. DTaP, IPV, MMR, and Varicella
A nurse is preparing to administer the first dose of the MMR vaccine. What is the minimum age at which the MMR vaccine can be administered?
A. 6 months
B. 9 months
C. 12 months
D. 15 months
C. 12 months
A 6-month-old infant receives their first dose of the influenza vaccine. What should the nurse tell the parents regarding follow-up?
A. No further doses are needed for the rest of the season
B. A booster dose is needed in 6 months
C. A second dose is needed at least 4 weeks later
D. The vaccine will last for 3 years
C. A second dose is needed at least 4 weeks later
Which of the following children would be eligible for the HPV vaccine?
A. A 9-year-old boy
B. A 4-year-old girl
C. A 6-month-old infant
D. An 18-month-old boy
A. A 9-year-old boy
A 15-month-old child is in the clinic for routine vaccines. Which vaccine is contraindicated if the child has a history of an anaphylactic reaction to gelatin?
A. Hib
B. DTaP
C. Hepatitis A
D. MMR
D. MMR
A mother brings her 2-month-old infant for their well visit. She reports the baby received the first Hepatitis B vaccine at birth. What should the nurse do next?
A. Administer only DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV13, and RV
B. Administer the second dose of Hepatitis B along with other recommended vaccines
C. Skip Hepatitis B entirely at this visit
D. Check for Hepatitis B immunity before giving another dose
B. Administer the second dose of Hepatitis B along with other recommended vaccines
A child receives the varicella vaccine at 12 months. When should the nurse schedule the next dose?
A. At 15 months
B. At 4–6 years
C. At 18 months
D. No additional dose is needed
B. At 4–6 years
Which statement by a parent indicates understanding of the Rotavirus vaccine schedule?
A. “It’s okay to start the first dose after 15 weeks.”
B. “My baby can receive the last dose at 10 months.”
C. “The vaccine is given orally.”
D. “It protects against measles.”
C. “The vaccine is given orally.”
A 12-year-old is due for their annual wellness visit. Which vaccine should the nurse recommend?
A. Tdap booster
B. Hepatitis B booster
C. Varicella vaccine
D. RV vaccine
A. Tdap booster
The parent of a 6-month-old asks why their child is receiving the PCV13 vaccine. What is the correct explanation?
A. It protects against polio.
B. It helps prevent bacterial infections like pneumonia.
C. It prevents hepatitis.
D. It provides immunity against measles.
B. It helps prevent bacterial infections like pneumonia.
According to Freud’s theory of development, which intervention best addresses the oral stage for an infant after a painful procedure?
A. Encouraging parents to hold the infant frequently
B. Speaking softly to the infant
C. Allowing the infant to explore toys in the crib
D. Providing a pacifier for comfort
D. Providing a pacifier for comfort
A hospitalized infant cries during painful procedures. According to Erikson’s theory of trust versus mistrust, which action by the nurse best promotes trust?
A. Holding and providing comfort to the infant
B. Allowing the infant to cry without intervening
C. Offering the infant a new toy
D. Asking the parents to leave during procedures
A. Holding and providing comfort to the infant
A nurse is using Piaget’s sensorimotor stage to plan care for a hospitalized infant. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
A. Reading a story to the infant
B. Engaging the infant in simple puzzles
C. Providing brightly colored crib mobiles
D. Teaching the infant new words
C. Providing brightly colored crib mobiles
When admitting a toddler to the hospital, which action is consistent with Freud’s anal stage?
A. Encouraging parents to bring a favorite toy from home
B. Asking about the toddler’s toilet training habits and routines
C. Offering a wide range of food choices
D. Reading a story before bedtime
B. Asking about the toddler’s toilet training habits and routines
During a procedure requiring immobilization of a toddler, what is the best action according to Erikson’s autonomy versus shame and doubt stage?
A. Providing lengthy explanations before the procedure
B. Allowing the toddler to perform tasks independently before immobilization
C. Restricting parent involvement during the procedure
D. Proceeding quickly while offering brief explanations
D. Proceeding quickly while offering brief explanations
When planning care for a toddler in the preoperational stage of Piaget’s theory, which of the following is the best approach?
A. Providing detailed explanations of complex procedures
B. Allowing the child to manipulate objects safely
C. Limiting verbal interaction to reduce confusion
D. Insisting on structured play only
B. Allowing the child to manipulate objects safely
A 4-year-old child blames themselves for their sibling’s illness. According to Piaget’s preoperational stage, what should the nurse do?
A. Provide factual explanations about the illness
B. Avoid discussing the illness to reduce guilt
C. Encourage the child to draw pictures of their feelings
D. Tell the child not to worry
A. Provide factual explanations about the illness
When caring for a preschooler in the initiative versus guilt stage (Erikson), which of the following is the best approach to reduce anxiety during a procedure?
A. Allow the child to choose which arm to use for a blood draw
B. Provide a strict schedule with no deviation
C. Avoid any discussion about the procedure
D. Offer medical equipment for play beforehand
D. Offer medical equipment for play beforehand
A 3-year-old child shows a preference for female nurses. Which theory best explains this behavior?
A. Freud’s phallic stage
B. Erikson’s trust versus mistrust stage
C. Piaget’s sensorimotor stage
D. Freud’s anal stage
A. Freud’s phallic stage
The nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a preschooler who feels guilty for being sick. What is the best intervention based on Erikson’s theory?
A. Ignoring expressions of guilt to prevent reinforcement
B. Reassuring the child that they did nothing to cause their illness
C. Providing strict routines and minimal interaction
D. Encouraging the child to be completely independent
B. Reassuring the child that they did nothing to cause their illness
In Piaget’s sensorimotor stage, what type of toy is most appropriate for a 9-month-old infant?
A. A complex puzzle with small pieces
B. A picture book with text-heavy pages
C. A soft toy that squeaks when squeezed
D. An electronic game with advanced settings
C. A soft toy that squeaks when squeezed
A 2-year-old regresses in toilet training during hospitalization. How should the nurse respond according to Freud’s anal stage?
A. Implement a strict toilet training schedule
B. Punish the child for accidents
C. Accept and support the regression as normal
D. Restrict fluid intake
C. Accept and support the regression as normal
Which statement by the nurse is appropriate for a preschooler in the preoperational stage before a minor procedure?
A. “You are brave, and this procedure will make you stronger.”
B. “This is happening because you were naughty.”
C. “This procedure will not hurt at all.”
D. “This is to help you feel better, and you did nothing wrong.”
D. “This is to help you feel better, and you did nothing wrong.”
A hospitalized infant displays signs of discomfort. What intervention best aligns with Erikson’s trust versus mistrust stage?
A. Providing minimal contact to encourage independence
B. Meeting the infant’s needs promptly for food, comfort, and hygiene
C. Encouraging total self-soothing behaviors
D. Leaving the infant alone to sleep uninterrupted
B. Meeting the infant’s needs promptly for food, comfort, and hygiene
The nurse encourages a toddler to remove their own socks and shoes. This action supports which stage in Erikson’s theory?
A. Trust versus mistrust
B. Initiative versus guilt
C. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
D. Integrity versus despair
C. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
During an assessment, the nurse observes a toddler exploring the room, touching objects, and asking questions. This behavior aligns with which developmental theory?
A. Freud’s oral stage
B. Erikson’s autonomy versus shame and doubt stage
C. Piaget’s preoperational stage
D. Piaget’s sensorimotor stage
B. Erikson’s autonomy versus shame and doubt stage
The nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child who has been hospitalized. Which intervention best supports the child’s development according to Erikson’s initiative versus guilt stage?
A. Strictly controlling the child’s playtime activities
B. Offering medical equipment for play
C. Encouraging the child to remain silent during procedures
D. Avoiding all discussions about their feelings
B. Offering medical equipment for play
When discussing care with the parents of an infant, the nurse emphasizes the importance of providing consistent care and meeting basic needs promptly. Which developmental theorist’s work supports this approach?
A. Piaget
B. Kohlberg
C. Freud
D. Erikson
D. Erikson
A nurse observes a preschooler showing a strong preference for a female caregiver. Which stage of Freud’s theory does this behavior most closely align with?
A. Oral stage
B. Anal stage
C. Phallic stage
D. Latency stage
C. Phallic stage
A nurse provides a 3-year-old with a toy medical kit before a procedure. This action aligns with which developmental theory?
A. Freud’s anal stage
B. Erikson’s autonomy versus shame and doubt stage
C. Erikson’s initiative versus guilt stage
D. Piaget’s sensorimotor stage
C. Erikson’s initiative versus guilt stage
According to Piaget’s preoperational stage, what is the primary way a preschool-aged child views illness?
A. As a natural, inevitable part of life
B. As punishment for misbehavior
C. As an opportunity for personal growth
D. With a logical understanding of cause and effect
B. As punishment for misbehavior
The nurse needs to obtain a blood sample from a toddler. According to Erikson’s theory, what is the best approach to minimize stress?
A. Ignoring the toddler’s questions to keep them calm
B. Quickly immobilizing the toddler without warning
C. Giving simple, reassuring explanations before and during the procedure
D. Asking the parents to leave during the procedure
C. Giving simple, reassuring explanations before and during the procedure
A nurse is using Piaget’s sensorimotor stage concepts to promote development in an infant. Which intervention is most effective?
A. Encouraging the infant to name objects
B. Providing soft, safe objects to grasp and explore
C. Teaching the infant to recognize colors
D. Leading a structured, story-based activity
B. Providing soft, safe objects to grasp and explore
During a routine check-up, a nurse observes a toddler experiencing difficulty with toilet training due to a recent hospitalization. How should the nurse respond?
A. Enforce strict toilet training routines to regain control
B. Encourage continued attempts despite the stress
C. Accept the regression and provide support and encouragement
D. Limit fluid intake to prevent accidents
C. Accept the regression and provide support and encouragement
The parents of a preschooler express concern that their child feels guilty about a recent family illness. What should the nurse explain based on Piaget’s preoperational stage?
A. “This guilt is normal due to their egocentric view.”
B. “It is uncommon for children to feel guilty at this age.”
C. “Your child should already understand the illness logically.”
D. “Guilt means your child is intentionally misbehaving.”
A. “This guilt is normal due to their egocentric view.”
A school-age child is hospitalized for several weeks. According to Erikson’s stage of development, which activity should the nurse encourage to promote a sense of industry?
A. Isolating the child to prevent infection
B. Providing puzzles and solitary games
C. Encouraging completion of schoolwork during the hospital stay
D. Allowing unrestricted TV viewing
C. Encouraging completion of schoolwork during the hospital stay
While preparing a school-age child for a medical procedure, what strategy should the nurse use according to Piaget’s concrete operational stage?
A. Providing abstract explanations about the procedure
B. Using playful distractions to minimize anxiety
C. Providing detailed explanations about sexuality and reproductive health
D. Demonstrating the use of equipment that will be used during the procedure
D. Demonstrating the use of equipment that will be used during the procedure
The nurse enters the room of a hospitalized school-age child. To support the child’s need for privacy, which action should the nurse take in accordance with Freud’s latency stage?
A. Immediately assess the child without explanation
B. Knock on the door before entering
C. Ask other caregivers to be present during assessments
D. Avoid discussing the child’s condition with them
B. Knock on the door before entering
According to Erikson’s theory of identity versus role confusion, which approach is best when working with hospitalized adolescents?
A. Encouraging parents to remain present at all times
B. Involving peers with similar health problems in social activities
C. Providing toys and games suitable for younger children
D. Emphasizing strict rules and routines
B. Involving peers with similar health problems in social activities
A nurse is teaching a 13-year-old about disease management for a chronic illness. Which approach aligns with Piaget’s formal operational stage?
A. Using abstract reasoning and detailed explanations
B. Providing only basic instructions due to limited comprehension
C. Focusing solely on written materials for self-study
D. Ignoring the adolescent’s questions to prevent confusion
A. Using abstract reasoning and detailed explanations
When educating an adolescent female on gynecologic care, which nursing action best reflects Freud’s genital stage?
A. Providing information about menstruation only if requested
B. Ignoring questions related to relationships and sexuality
C. Ensuring access to gynecologic care and offering privacy during discussions
D. Using child-appropriate language for health explanations
C. Ensuring access to gynecologic care and offering privacy during discussions
The nurse is taking the health history of a 16-year-old. Which approach best supports Erikson’s identity versus role confusion stage?
A. Conducting the interview in the presence of the parents
B. Taking the health history privately, without the parents present
C. Limiting questions to basic, factual topics only
D. Ignoring any questions related to peer influence
B. Taking the health history privately, without the parents present
An adolescent with a chronic illness expresses frustration with their treatment plan. According to Piaget’s formal operational stage, what response should the nurse provide?
A. “You don’t need to understand all the details.”
B. “Your parents will handle everything for you.”
C. “You must strictly follow the treatment without question.”
D. “It’s normal to feel this way. Let’s talk about what’s bothering you.”
D. “It’s normal to feel this way. Let’s talk about what’s bothering you.”
To support the developmental needs of a school-age child, what should the nurse encourage while the child is hospitalized?
A. Total isolation from friends and family
B. Participation in quiet, individual activities only
C. Engagement in activities that reflect their hobbies and interests
D. Avoidance of socialization to reduce stress
C. Engagement in activities that reflect their hobbies and interests
When educating a 14-year-old about a treatment plan, what strategy aligns with Piaget’s formal operational stage?
A. Providing verbal instructions only
B. Offering detailed, abstract reasoning about treatment choices
C. Using only pictures and illustrations to explain concepts
D. Providing no opportunity for questions
B. Offering detailed, abstract reasoning about treatment choices
A nurse notices that an adolescent avoids eye contact and becomes quiet during discussions of sexuality. What action is most appropriate based on Freud’s genital stage?
A. Offering age-appropriate, educational brochures and private discussions
B. Avoiding further conversations about the topic
C. Discussing the topic openly in front of family members
D. Ignoring any references to relationships
A. Offering age-appropriate, educational brochures and private discussions
The nurse is caring for a hospitalized 7-year-old. According to Erikson’s theory, what intervention best fosters a sense of industry?
A. Minimizing any activities that resemble schoolwork
B. Encouraging participation in crafts and games
C. Allowing unrestricted use of electronics without structure
D. Avoiding any challenges to prevent frustration
B. Encouraging participation in crafts and games
According to Piaget’s concrete operational stage, which approach should a nurse take when teaching a school-age child about their upcoming surgery?
A. Provide a brief verbal description and avoid any demonstrations
B. Use detailed and abstract explanations of the procedure
C. Show the child pictures of surgical instruments and explain their functions
D. Offer no details to minimize anxiety
C. Show the child pictures of surgical instruments and explain their functions
A nurse is preparing to take a health history from a 15-year-old adolescent. Which action best supports Erikson’s identity versus role confusion stage?
A. Allowing the parents to remain in the room during the interview
B. Asking the adolescent’s peers to assist with the interview
C. Providing only written questions for the adolescent to complete
D. Conducting the interview in private to promote trust and independence
D. Conducting the interview in private to promote trust and independence
When teaching a hospitalized school-age child about their illness, what strategy should the nurse employ based on Piaget’s concrete operational stage?
A. Use simple, concrete examples to explain concepts
B. Avoid providing any explanations
C. Offer vague information to minimize anxiety
D. Focus on abstract reasoning and complex terms
A. Use simple, concrete examples to explain concepts
During a health teaching session with an adolescent, which strategy best aligns with Piaget’s formal operational stage?
A. Providing basic, child-like explanations of their condition
B. Engaging in abstract, detailed discussions about their care plan
C. Avoiding any in-depth explanations to reduce anxiety
D. Using purely visual aids without explanation
B. Engaging in abstract, detailed discussions about their care plan
A nurse notices that an adolescent patient frequently seeks approval from peers about their condition. Which developmental stage does this behavior reflect according to Erikson?
A. Industry versus inferiority
B. Identity versus role confusion
C. Trust versus mistrust
D. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
B. Identity versus role confusion
How should a nurse approach an educational session with a school-age child regarding a chronic illness?
A. Use abstract examples to explain disease progression
B. Avoid discussing the illness in detail to prevent fear
C. Offer age-appropriate, concrete examples and visual aids
D. Focus solely on how the illness impacts their future life
C. Offer age-appropriate, concrete examples and visual aids
When preparing a school-age child for surgery, which intervention best supports Freud’s latency stage?
A. Discussing the surgery in front of a large group of caregivers
B. Providing privacy by using gowns and covers, and explaining procedures
C. Using complex terminology to describe the procedure
D. Ignoring any questions related to body changes
B. Providing privacy by using gowns and covers, and explaining procedures
Elicited when an object is placed in the newborn’s mouth or anything touches the lips.
a. Sucking reflex
b. Rooting reflexes
c. Palmar grasp
d. Plantar grasp
a. Sucking reflex
When does the sucking reflex disappear?
by 12 months
Stroking infant’s cheek or the edge of and infant’s mouth, the infant turns their head toward the side that is touched and starts to suck (if not fed recently)
a. Sucking reflex
b. Rooting reflexes
c. Palmar grasp
d. Plantar grasp
b. Rooting reflexes
nonnutritive sucking
Newborns suck even when sleeping.
Elicited by stimulating the newborn’s palm with a finger or object; the newborn grasps and holds the object or finger firmly enough to be lifted momentarily from the crib.
a. Sucking reflex
b. Rooting reflexes
c. Palmar grasp
d. Plantar grasp
c. Palmar grasp
Touching sole of foot, toes curl downward
a. Sucking reflex
b. Rooting reflexes
c. Palmar grasp
d. Plantar grasp
d. Plantar grasp
Elicited when the newborn is startled by a loud noise or lifted slightly above the crib and then suddenly lowered. In response the newborn straightens arms and hands outward while the knees flex. Slowly the arms return to the chest, as in an embrace. The fingers spread, forming a C, and the newborn may cry.
a. moro reflex
b. tonic neck reflex
c. babinski reflex
d. stepping reflex
a. moro reflex
The moro reflex may persist until about _____ months of age.
6
T/F
Absence of Moro reflex in newborn infants is normal.
false
Elicited when the newborn is supine, and the head is turned to one side. In response, the extremities on the same side straighten, whereas on the opposite side they flex.
a. moro reflex
b. tonic neck reflex
c. babinski reflex
d. stepping reflex
b. tonic neck reflex
Stroking the outer edge of the sole of an infant’s foot up toward the toes, toes fan upward
a. moro reflex
b. tonic neck reflex
c. babinski reflex
d. stepping reflex
c. babinski reflex
A Babinski response in children over 2 years of age can indicate ________ disease.
neurological
When held upright with one foot touching a flat surface the newborn puts one foot in front of the other and “walks.”
a. moro reflex
b. tonic neck reflex
c. babinski reflex
d. stepping reflex
d. stepping reflex
This reflex is more pronounced at birth and lost in 4 to 8 weeks.
a. moro reflex
b. tonic neck reflex
c. babinski reflex
d. stepping reflex
d. stepping reflex
When does the anterior fontanelle close?
12-18 mos
When does the posterior fontanelle close?
2-3 mos
What age does the infant usually sit with support?
The infant will sit with support by 6 months. By 8 months the infant should be able to sit alone without support.
object permanence
developmental task for a 9-month-old - They can look for toys that are placed in front of them.
What are some prenatal influences that affect the baby during the pregnancy?
Harmful maternal illnesses: HIV; Rubella, Hep B, radiation, nutrition, drugs/alcohol, chemical exposure
Nutrition, general sate of health, smoking, medications
What is a family-centered approach to patient care?
Family-centered approach is by case management, patient education, advocacy but not by researchers; Recognizes that families are a constant in a child’s life – Empowerment, cultural sensitivity, participation
What influences a child’s meeting their milestones?
Nutrition, cultural practices, social situations
What kind of education will give to a family, care givers, or parents regarding infant care?
Teaching: Do not prop bottles, teach foods that are choking hazards, give iron fortified foods such as infant cereal.
Do not add honey to formula.
Give formula or breast milk until they are 12 months.
T/F
Regression can happen with hospitalization.
true
What is cephalocaudal?
Proceeds from head downward
What is proximodistal growth?
Proceeds from center of body outward
What is sensorimotor stage in Piaget cognitive stage?
Birth to 2yrs: Infants learn about the world by input obtained through the senses and by their motor activity.
When do you do the ear and eye examination on an infant?
Around 3-6mos, even if no apparent vision or hearing problems
When does separation anxiety begins?
Around 10mos
When would you reweigh an infant?
About every 3mos(?)
What is a normal assessment in a newborn or infant?
Weight, length, head circumference
When will the infant’s head stop lagging?
4 to 6 months
Is tissue edema that crosses the suture line normal post-vaginal delivery for the newborn?
Yes, Caput succedaneum causes swelling (edema) on the top of the scalp that is usually noticeable at birth. This swelling causes the scalp to feel sponges, does cross suture lines, and starts to go down soon after birth.
Is acrocyanosis normal with a newborn?
Yes – means blue hands and feet, due to blood carrying oxygen to their vital organs first, like lungs, kidneys and brain.
When do you draw labs for hemogram and lead level?
Hemogram is done before baby leaves hospital usually 1-2 days old;
Lead level checked around 15 months
Why is it okay to do a respiratory count when child is calm in parents or caregivers’ arm?
Helps to reassure accurate RR
What are the newborn medications given at right after birth?
They are hepatis B vaccine, vitamin K, and erythromycin eye ointment.
What should the infant weight at 6 months?
DOUBLE the weight from birth
What should the infant weight at 12 months?
TRIPLE the weight from birth
