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NUR240 - Pediatrics > Chapter 4: Growth and Development > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Increase in physical size – height, weight, blood pressure, number of words in vocabulary.

A

growth

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2
Q

Increase in capabilities or function – ability to sit without support, throw ball overhand.

A

development

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3
Q

the process by which development proceeds from the head downward through the body and toward the feet

A

cephalocaudal development

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4
Q

the process by which development proceeds from the center of the body outward to the extremities

A

proximodistal development

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5
Q

the process of understanding upcoming developmental needs and then teaching caretakers to meet those needs

A

anticipatory guidance

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6
Q

In normal __________ growth, the child gains control of the head and neck before the trunk and limbs.

a. cephalocaudal
b. proximodistal

A

a. cephalocaudal

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7
Q

In normal __________ growth, the child controls arm movements before hand movements.

a. cephalocaudal
b. proximodistal

A

b. proximodistal

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8
Q

Name this age group.

includes infants or babies up to 1 year of age, all of whom require a high level of care in daily activities

a. infancy; birth-12 months

b. toddlerhood; 1-3 years

c. preschool; 3-6 years

d. school age; 6-12 years

e. adolescence; 12-18 years

A

a. infancy; birth-12 months

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9
Q

Name this age group.

characterized by increased motor ability and independent behavior

a. infancy; birth-12 months

b. toddlerhood; 1-3 years

c. preschool; 3-6 years

d. school age; 6-12 years

e. adolescence; 12-18 years

A

b. toddlerhood; 1-3 years

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10
Q

Name this age group.

refines gross and fine motor ability and language skills and often participates in a learning program

a. infancy; birth-12 months

b. toddlerhood; 1-3 years

c. preschool; 3-6 years

d. school age; 6-12 years

e. adolescence; 12-18 years

A

c. preschool; 3-6 years

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11
Q

Name this age group.

begins with entry into a school system and is characterized by growing intellectual skills, physical ability, and independence

a. infancy; birth-12 months

b. toddlerhood; 1-3 years

c. preschool; 3-6 years

d. school age; 6-12 years

e. adolescence; 12-18 years

A

d. school age; 6-12 years

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12
Q

Name this age group.

mature cognitive thought, formation of identity, and influence of peers are important characteristics

a. infancy; birth-12 months

b. toddlerhood; 1-3 years

c. preschool; 3-6 years

d. school age; 6-12 years

e. adolescence; 12-18 years

A

e. adolescence; 12-18 years

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13
Q

Which physician believed that “early childhood experiences form the unconscious motivation for actions in later life”?

a. Sigmund Freud

b. Erik Erikson

c. Jean Piaget

d. Lawrence Kohlberg

A

a. Sigmund Freud

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14
Q

Which physician believed that “sexual energy is centered in specific parts of the body at certain ages”?

a. Sigmund Freud

b. Erik Erikson

c. Jean Piaget

d. Albert Bandura

A

a. Sigmund Freud

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15
Q

the basic sexual energy that is present at birth and drives the individual to seek please

a. id

b. ego

c. superego

A

a. id

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16
Q

the realistic part of the person, which develops during infancy and searches for acceptable methods of meeting impulses

a. id

b. ego

c. superego

A

b. ego

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17
Q

moral/ethical system, which develops in childhood and contains a set of values and a conscience

a. id

b. ego

c. superego

A

c. superego

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18
Q

techniques used by the ego to unconsciously change reality, thereby protecting itself from excessive anxiety

A

defense mechanisms

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19
Q

Name the stages of Sigmund Freud’s theory in order from youngest to oldest.

A

oral (birth to 1 year)

anal (1 to 3 years)

phallic (3 to 6 years)

latency (6 to 12 years)

genital (12 years to adulthood)

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20
Q

Name this stage of Sigmund Freud’s theory.

derives pleasure largely from the mouth, with sucking and eating as primary desires

a. oral (birth to 1 year)

b. anal (1 to 3 years)

c. phallic (3 to 6 years)

d. latency (6 to 12 years)

e. genital (12 years to adulthood)

A

a. oral (birth to 1 year)

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21
Q

Name this stage of Sigmund Freud’s theory.

pleasure is centered in the anal area, with contorl over body secretions as a prime force in behavior

a. oral (birth to 1 year)

b. anal (1 to 3 years)

c. phallic (3 to 6 years)

d. latency (6 to 12 years)

e. genital (12 years to adulthood)

A

b. anal (1 to 3 years)

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22
Q

Name this stage of Sigmund Freud’s theory.

sexual energy becomes centered in the genitalia as the child works out relationships with parents of the same and opposite sexes

a. oral (birth to 1 year)

b. anal (1 to 3 years)

c. phallic (3 to 6 years)

d. latency (6 to 12 years)

e. genital (12 years to adulthood)

A

c. phallic (3 to 6 years)

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23
Q

Name this stage of Sigmund Freud’s theory.

sexual energy is at rest in the passage between earlier stages and adolescence

a. oral (birth to 1 year)

b. anal (1 to 3 years)

c. phallic (3 to 6 years)

d. latency (6 to 12 years)

e. genital (12 years to adulthood)

A

d. latency (6 to 12 years)

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24
Q

Name this stage of Sigmund Freud’s theory.

mature sexuality is achieved as physical growth is completed and relationships with others occur

a. oral (birth to 1 year)

b. anal (1 to 3 years)

c. phallic (3 to 6 years)

d. latency (6 to 12 years)

e. genital (12 years to adulthood)

A

e. genital (12 years to adulthood)

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25
Q

Name this developmental theory physician.

Child’s view of world influenced by age/maturational ability. Give nurturing experiences, child’s ability to think matures naturally.

a. Sigmund Freud

b. Lawrence Kohlberg

c. Jean Piaget

d. Albert Bandura

A

c. Jean Piaget

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26
Q

Name this developmental theory physician.

Developmental challenges throughout life.

a. Sigmund Freud

b. Erik Erikson

c. Jean Piaget

d. Albert Bandura

A

b. Erik Erikson

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27
Q

Name this development stage of Erik Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory.

the task is to establish trust in the people providing care; trust is fostered by provision of food, clean clothing, touch, and comfort; if basic needs are not met, this age group will eventually learn to mistrust others

a. Trust vs Mistrust (Birth to 1 Year)

b. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 Years)

c. Initiative vs Guilt (3 to 6 Years)

d. Industry vs inferiority (6 to 12 Years)

e. Identity vs Role Confusion (12 to 18 Years)

A

a. Trust vs Mistrust (Birth to 1 Year)

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28
Q

Name this development stage of Erik Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory.

sense of autonomy or independence is shown by controlling bodily excretions, saying no when asked to do something, and directing motor activity and play; children who are consistently criticized for expressions of autonomy or for lack of control will develop a sense of shame about themselves and doubt their actions.

a. Trust vs Mistrust (Birth to 1 Year)

b. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 Years)

c. Initiative vs Guilt (3 to 6 Years)

d. Industry vs inferiority (6 to 12 Years)

e. Identity vs Role Confusion (12 to 18 Years)

A

b. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 Years)

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29
Q

Name this development stage of Erik Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory.

characterized by development of new interests and by involvement in activities; takes pride in accomplishments in sports, school, home, and community; if they cannot accomplish what is expected, they will not feel good enough

a. Trust vs Mistrust (Birth to 1 Year)

b. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 Years)

c. Initiative vs Guilt (3 to 6 Years)

d. Industry vs inferiority (6 to 12 Years)

e. Identity vs Role Confusion (12 to 18 Years)

A

d. Industry vs inferiority (6 to 12 Years)

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29
Q

Name this development stage of Erik Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory.

initiatives new activities and considers new ideas; this interest in exploring the world creates someone who is involved and busy; constant criticism leads to feelings of guilt and lack of purpose

a. Trust vs Mistrust (Birth to 1 Year)

b. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 Years)

c. Initiative vs Guilt (3 to 6 Years)

d. Industry vs inferiority (6 to 12 Years)

e. Identity vs Role Confusion (12 to 18 Years)

A

c. Initiative vs Guilt (3 to 6 Years)

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30
Q

Name this development stage of Erik Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory.

as the body matures and thought processes become more complex, a new sense of self is establish; the self, family, peer group, and community are all examined and redefined; the one who is unable to create a meaningful definition of self will experience hard times in one or more areas of life

a. Trust vs Mistrust (Birth to 1 Year)

b. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 Years)

c. Initiative vs Guilt (3 to 6 Years)

d. Industry vs inferiority (6 to 12 Years)

e. Identity vs Role Confusion (12 to 18 Years)

A

e. Identity vs Role Confusion (12 to 18 Years)

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31
Q

Name Erik Erikson’s developmental stages in order from youngest to oldest. (pediatric ages only)

A

Trust vs Mistrust (Birth to 1 Year)

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 Years)

Initiative vs Guilt (3 to 6 Years)

Industry vs inferiority (6 to 12 Years)

Identity vs Role Confusion (12 to 18 Years)

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32
Q

Which physician believed that “the child’s view of the world is influenced largely by age and maturational ability”?

Which physician believed that “sexual energy is centered in specific parts of the body at certain ages”?

a. Lawrence Kohlberg

b. Erik Erikson

c. Jean Piaget

d. John Watson

A

c. Jean Piaget

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33
Q

the process of incorporating new experiences into an individual’s cognitive awareness; the process of incorporating traits of the new culture within one’s practice

A

assimilation

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34
Q

the process of changing one’s cognitive structures to include data from recent experiences

A

accommodation

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35
Q

Name Jean Piaget’s developmental stages in order from youngest to oldest.

A

sensorimotor (Birth to 2 Years)

preoperational (2 to 7 Years)

concrete operational (7 to 11 Years)

formal operational (11 Years to Adulthood)

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36
Q

Name Jean Piaget’s sensorimotor developmental stages in order from youngest to oldest. (1 to 12 months onlys)

A

Use of Reflexes (Birth to 1 Month)

Primary Circular Reactions (1 to 4 Months)

Secondary Circular Reactions (4 to 8 Months)

Coordination of Secondary Schemes (8 to 12 Months)

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37
Q

Name Jean Piaget’s preoperational developmental stages in order from youngest to oldest.

A

preconceptual stage

intuitive substage

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38
Q

Name this stage of Jean Piaget’s sensorimotor developmental theory.

begins with a set of reflexes such as sucking, rooting, and grasping; by using these reflexes, they receive stimulation via touch, sound, smell, and vision; the reflexes thus pave the way for the first learning to occur

a. Use of Reflexes (Birth to 1 Month)

b. Primary Circular Reactions (1 to 4 Months)

c. Secondary Circular Reactions (4 to 8 Months)

d. Coordination of Secondary Schemes (8 to 12 Months)

A

a. Use of Reflexes (Birth to 1 Month)

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39
Q

Name this stage of Jean Piaget’s sensorimotor developmental theory.

once they start to response reflexively, the pleasure gained from that response causes repetition of the behavior

a. Use of Reflexes (Birth to 1 Month)

b. Primary Circular Reactions (1 to 4 Months)

c. Secondary Circular Reactions (4 to 8 Months)

d. Coordination of Secondary Schemes (8 to 12 Months)

A

b. Primary Circular Reactions (1 to 4 Months)

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40
Q

Name this stage of Jean Piaget’s sensorimotor developmental theory.

awareness of the environment grows as they begin to connect cause and effect; the sounds of bottle preparation will lead to excited behavior; if an object is partially hidden, they will attempt to uncover and retrieve it

a. Use of Reflexes (Birth to 1 Month)

b. Primary Circular Reactions (1 to 4 Months)

c. Secondary Circular Reactions (4 to 8 Months)

d. Coordination of Secondary Schemes (8 to 12 Months)

A

c. Secondary Circular Reactions (4 to 8 Months)

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41
Q

Name this stage of Jean Piaget’s sensorimotor developmental theory.

intentional behavior is observed as they use learned behavior to obtain objects, create sounds, or engage in other pleasurable activities

a. Use of Reflexes (Birth to 1 Month)

b. Primary Circular Reactions (1 to 4 Months)

c. Secondary Circular Reactions (4 to 8 Months)

d. Coordination of Secondary Schemes (8 to 12 Months)

A

d. Coordination of Secondary Schemes (8 to 12 Months)

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42
Q

the knowledge that something continues to exist even when out of sight

A

object permanence

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43
Q

Name this stage of Jean Piaget’s developmental theory.

learn about the world by input obtained through the senses and by their motor activity. Six substages are characteristic of this stage

a. sensorimotor (Birth to 2 Years)

b. preoperational (2 to 7 Years)

c. concrete operational (7 to 11 Years)

d. formal operational (11 Years to Adulthood)

A

a. sensorimotor (Birth to 2 Years)

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44
Q

Name this stage of Jean Piaget’s preoperational developmental theory.

vocab and comprehension increase but they are egocentric

a. preconceptual stage

b. intuitive substage

A

a. preconceptual stage

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45
Q

Name this stage of Jean Piaget’s preoperational developmental theory.

relies on transductive reasoning

a. preconceptual stage

b. intuitive substage

A

b. intuitive substage

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46
Q

Name this stage of Jean Piaget’s developmental theory.

thinks by using words such as symbols, but logic is not well developed

a. preconceptual stage

b. intuitive substage

A

b. intuitive substage

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47
Q

Name this stage of Jean Piaget’s developmental theory.

can reason quite well if concrete objects are used in teaching or experimentation

a. sensorimotor (Birth to 2 Years)

b. preoperational (2 to 7 Years)

c. concrete operational (7 to 11 Years)

d. formal operational (11 Years to Adulthood)

A

c. concrete operational (7 to 11 Years)

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48
Q

Name this stage of Jean Piaget’s developmental theory.

fully mature intellectual thought has now been attained

a. sensorimotor (Birth to 2 Years)

b. preoperational (2 to 7 Years)

c. concrete operational (7 to 11 Years)

d. formal operational (11 Years to Adulthood)

A

d. formal operational (11 Years to Adulthood)

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49
Q

Name Lawrence Kohlberg’s developmental stages in order from youngest to oldest.

A

preconventional (4 to 7 Years)

conventional (7 to 12 Years

postconventional (12 Years and Older)

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50
Q

Name this stage of Lawrence Kohlberg’s developmental theory.

decisions are based on the desire to please others and to avoid punishment

a. preconventional (4 to 7 Years)

b. conventional (7 to 12 Years

c. postconventional (12 Years and Older)

A

a. preconventional (4 to 7 Years)

51
Q

Name this stage of Lawrence Kohlberg’s developmental theory.

conscience, or an intersal set of standards, becomes important; rules are important and must be followed to please other people and “be good”

a. preconventional (4 to 7 Years)

b. conventional (7 to 12 Years

c. postconventional (12 Years and Older)

A

b. conventional (7 to 12 Years

52
Q

Name this stage of Lawrence Kohlberg’s developmental theory.

the individual has internalized ethical standards on which to base decisions; social responsibility is recognized; the value in each of two differing moral approaches can be considered and a decision is made

a. preconventional (4 to 7 Years)

b. conventional (7 to 12 Years

c. postconventional (12 Years and Older)

A

c. postconventional (12 Years and Older)

53
Q

Which physician believed that “children learn attitudes, beliefs, customs, and values through their social contacts with adults and other children”?

a. John Watson

b. Erik Erikson

c. Jean Piaget

d. Albert Bandura

A

d. Albert Bandura

54
Q

Which physician believed that “that an important determinant of behavior is self-efficacy, or the expectation that someone can produce a desired outcome”?

a. Sigmund Freud

b. John Watson

c. Jean Piaget

d. Albert Bandura

A

d. Albert Bandura

55
Q

Which physician believed that “behaviors can be elicited by positive reinforcement, or extinguished by negative reinforcement”?

a. Sigmund Freud

b. John Watson

c. Jean Piaget

d. Albert Bandura

A

b. John Watson

56
Q

Which physician believed that he could make a child into anyone he desired - from a professional to a thief or beggar - simply by reinforcing behavior in certain ways?

a. Sigmund Freud

b. John Watson

c. Jean Piaget

d. Albert Bandura

A

b. John Watson

57
Q

T/F

Behaviorism has been criticized for being simplistic and for its denial of people’s inherent capacity to respond willfully to events in the environment.

A

true

58
Q

behaviorism

a. Sigmund Freud

b. John Watson

c. Jean Piaget

d. Albert Bandura

A

b. John Watson

59
Q

T/F

Both nature and nurture are important in determining individual patterns of development.

A

true

60
Q

By what age does teeth begin to erupt?

a. right away at birth

b. 1 month

c. 6 months

d. 9 months

A

c. 6 months

61
Q

T/F

Physical growth is not associated with type and quality of feeding.

A

false; it is closely associated

62
Q

T/F

Reflexes help infant receive input, nourishment, comfort.

A

true

63
Q

when infants play by themselves

A

solitary play

64
Q

The play of infants begins in a __________ manner.

A

reflexive

65
Q

T/F

When an infant moves extremities or grasps objects, the foundations of play are established.

A

true

66
Q

T/F

Play is not a reflection of every aspect of development, as well as a method for enhancing learning and maturation.

A

false; play IS a reflection

67
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

physical growth
- gains 5 to 7 oz in a week
- grows 1.5 cm in the first month
- head circumferences increased 1.5 cm a month

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 - 12 months

A

a. birth to 1 month

68
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

fine motor ability
- holds hand in fist
- draws arms and legs to body when crying

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 - 12 months

A

a. birth to 1 month

69
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

gross motor ability
- inborn reflexes such as startle and rooting are predominant activity
- may lift head briefly if prone
- alerts to high-pitched voices
- comforts with touch

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 - 12 months

A

a. birth to 1 month

70
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

sensory ability
- prefers to look at faces and black-and-white geometric designs
- follows objects in line of vision

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 - 12 months

A

a. birth to 1 month

71
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

physical growth
- gains 140–200 g/week
- grows 1.5 c m month
- head Head circumference increases 1.5 c m month
- posterior fontanelle closes
- ingests 120 mL/k g/24 hr

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 - 12 months

A

b. 2 to 4 months

72
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

fine motor ability
- holds rattle and other objects when placed in hand
- looks at and plays with own fingers
- brings hands to midline

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 - 12 months

A

b. 2 to 4 months

73
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

gross motor ability
- moro reflex fading in strength
- can turn from side to back and then return
- decrease in head lag when pulled to sitting position; sits with head held in midline with some bobbing
- when prone, holds head and supports weight on forearms

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 - 12 months

A

b. 2 to 4 months

74
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

sensory ability
- follows objects 180 degrees
- turns head to look for voices and sounds

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 - 12 months

A

b. 2 to 4 months

75
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

physical growth
- Gains 140–200 g/week
- doubles birth weight at 5–6 months
- grows 1.5 cm month
- head circumference increases 1.5 c m one half inches month
- teeth may begin erupting by 6 months
- ingests 100 mL/k g/24 hr

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 - 12 months

A

c. 4 to 6 months

76
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

fine motor ability
- grasps rattles/other objects at will; drops to pick up another offered object
- mouths objects
- holds feet and pulls to mouth
- holds bottle
- grasps with whole hand
- manipulates objects

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 - 12 months

A

c. 4 to 6 months

77
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

gross motor ability
- head held steady when sitting
- no head lag when pulled to sitting
- turns from abdomen to back by 4 months and then back to abdomen by 6 months
- when held standing supports much of own weight

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 - 12 months

A

c. 4 to 6 months

78
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

sensory ability
- examines complex visual images
- watches the course of a falling object

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 - 12 months

A

c. 4 to 6 months

79
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

physical growth
- gains 85–140 g/week
- grows 1 cm/month
- growth rate slower than first 6 months

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 - 12 months

A

d. 6 to 8 months

80
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

fine motor ability
- bangs objects held in hands
- transfers objects from one hand to the other
- beginning pincer grasp at times

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 to 12 months

A

d. 6 to 8 months

81
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

gross motor ability
- most inborn reflexes extinguished
- sits alone steadily without support by 8 months
- likes to bounce on legs when held in standing position

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 to 12 months

A

d. 6 to 8 months

82
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

sensory ability
- responds readily to sounds
- recognizes own name and responds by looking and smiling
- enjoys small and complex objects at play

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 to 12 months

A

d. 6 to 8 months

83
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

physical growth
- gains 85–140 g (3–5 oz)/week
- grows 1 cm/month

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 to 12 months

A

e. 8 to 10 months

84
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

fine motor ability
- picks up small objects
- uses pincer grasp well

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 to 12 months

A

e. 8 to 10 months

85
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

gross motor ability
- crawls or pulls whole body along floor by arms
- creeps by using hands and knees to keep trunk off floor
- pulls self to standing and sitting by 10 months
- recovers balance when sitting

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 to 12 months

A

e. 8 to 10 months

86
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

sensory ability
- understands words such as “no” and “cracker”
- may say one word in addition to “mama” and “dada”

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 to 12 months

A

e. 8 to 10 months

87
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

physical growth
- gains 85–140 g/week
- grows 1 cm/month
- head circumference equals chest circumference
- triples birth weight by 1 year

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 to 12 months

A

f. 10 to 12 months

88
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

fine motor ability
- may hold crayon or pencil and make mark on paper
- places objects into containers through holes

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 to 12 months

A

f. 10 to 12 months

89
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

gross motor ability
- stands alone
- walks holding onto furniture
- sits down from standing

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 to 12 months

A

f. 10 to 12 months

90
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

sensory ability
- plays peek-a-boo and patty cake

a. birth to 1 month

b. 2 to 4 months

c. 4 to 6 months

d. 6 to 8 months

e. 8 to 10 months

f. 10 to 12 months

A

f. 10 to 12 months

91
Q

__________ is sometimes called the first adolescence.

A

toddlerhood

92
Q

Two toddlers tend to play with similar objects side by side, occasionally trading toys and words.

A

parallel play

93
Q

__________ communication includes pointing, pulling an adult over to a room or object, and speaking in expressive jargon.

A

toddler

94
Q

using unintelligible words with normal speech intonations as if truly communicating in words

A

expressive jargon

95
Q

T/F

Sometimes an upset toddler responds well to holding, rocking, and stroking.

A

true

96
Q

T/F

The nurse shouldn’t allow the toddler to cry. Do not acknoelwdge the fear.

A

false

97
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

physical growth
- gains 227 g or more per month
- grows 9-12 cm during the year
- anterior fontanelle closes

a. 1 to 2 years

b. 2 to 3 years

c. 3 to 4 years

d. 4 to 5 years

A

a. 1 to 2 years

98
Q

What is the correct way to restrain a toddler?

A

above or below joints

99
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

fine motor ability
- by end of second year, builds a tower of 4 blocks
- scribbles on paper
- can undress self
- throws a ball

a. 1 to 2 years

b. 2 to 3 years

c. 3 to 4 years

d. 4 to 5 years

A

a. 1 to 2 years

100
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

gross motor skills
- runs
- shows growing ability to walk and finally walks with ease
- walks up and down stairs a few months after learning to walk with ease
- likes push-and-pull toys

a. 1 to 2 years

b. 2 to 3 years

c. 3 to 4 years

d. 4 to 5 years

A

a. 1 to 2 years

101
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

physical growth
- gains 1.4-2.3 kg/year
- grows 5.6 cm/year

a. 1 to 2 years

b. 2 to 3 years

c. 3 to 4 years

d. 4 to 5 years

A

b. 2 to 3 years

102
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

fine motor ability
- draws a circle and other rudimentary forms
- learns to pour learning to dress self

a. 1 to 2 years

b. 2 to 3 years

c. 3 to 4 years

d. 4 to 5 years

A

b. 2 to 3 years

103
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

gross motor ability
- jumps
- kicks ball
- throws ball overhand

a. 1 to 2 years

b. 2 to 3 years

c. 3 to 4 years

d. 4 to 5 years

A

b. 2 to 3 years

104
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

plays and toys
- refines fine motor skills by use of cloth books, large pencil and paper, wooden puzzles
- facilitates imitative behavior by playing kitchen, grocery shopping, toy telephone

a. infant to 1 year

b. 1 to 3 years

c. 3 to 6 years

d. 6 to 9 years

A

b. 1 to 3 years

105
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

play and toys
- learns gross motor activities by riding Big Wheel tricycle, playing with soft ball and bat, molding water and sand, tossing ball or bean bag
- cognitive skills develop with exposure to educational television, shows, music, stories, and books

a. infant to 1 year

b. 1 to 3 years

c. 3 to 6 years

d. 6 to 9 years

A

b. 1 to 3 years

106
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

communication
- increasingly enjoys talking
- exponential growth of vocabulary, especially when spoken and read to

a. infant to 1 year

b. 1 to 3 years

c. 3 to 6 years

d. 6 to 9 years

A

b. 1 to 3 years

107
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

communication
- needs to release stress by pounding board, frequent gross motor activities, and occasional temper tantrums
- likes contact with other children and learns from interpersonal skills

a. infant to 1 year

b. 1 to 3 years

c. 3 to 6 years

d. 6 to 9 years

A

b. 1 to 3 years

108
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

physical growth
- gains 1.5-2.5 kg/year
- grows 4-6 cm/year

a. infant to 1 year

b. 1 to 3 years

c. 3 to 6 years

d. 6 to 9 years

A

c. 3 to 6 years

109
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

fine motor ability
- uses scissors
- draws circle, square, cross
- draws at least a six-part person

a. infant to 1 year

b. 1 to 3 years

c. 3 to 6 years

d. 6 to 9 years

A

c. 3 to 6 years

110
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

fine motor ability
- enjoys art projects such as pasting, stringing beads, using clay
- learns to tie shoes at end of preschool years
- buttons clothes

a. infant to 1 year

b. 1 to 3 years

c. 3 to 6 years

d. 6 to 9 years

A

c. 3 to 6 years

111
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

fine motor ability
- brushes teeth
- uses spoon, fork, knife
- eats three meals with snacks

a. infant to 1 year

b. 1 to 3 years

c. 3 to 6 years

d. 6 to 9 years

A

c. 3 to 6 years

112
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

gross motor ability
- throws a ball overhand
- climbs wall
- rides bicycle

a. infant to 1 year

b. 1 to 3 years

c. 3 to 6 years

d. 6 to 9 years

A

c. 3 to 6 years

113
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

sensory ability
- visual acuity continues to improve
- can focus on and learn letters and numbers

a. infant to 1 year

b. 1 to 3 years

c. 3 to 6 years

d. 6 to 9 years

A

c. 3 to 6 years

114
Q
A
115
Q

Where does the most growth occur in preschool children?

a. the short bones of the arms and legs

b. the long bones of the hands and feets

c. the long bones of the arms and legs

d. the shorts bones of the hands and feet

A

c. the long bones of the arms and legs

116
Q

The preschool exhibits characteristics of __________ thought.

a. sensorimotor

b. preoperational

c. concrete operational

d. formal operational

A

b. preoperational

117
Q

ability to see things only from one’s point of view

a. egocentrism

b. transductive reasoning

c. centration

d. animism

A

a. egocentrism

118
Q

connecting two events in a cause-and-effect relationship simply because they occur together in time

a. egocentrism

b. transductive reasoning

c. centration

d. animism

A

b. transductive reasoning

119
Q

focusing on only one particular aspect of a situation

a. egocentrism

b. transductive reasoning

c. centration

d. animism

A

c. centration

120
Q

giving lifelike qualities to nonliving things

a. egocentrism

b. transductive reasoning

c. centration

d. animism

A

d. animism

121
Q

T/F

preschoolers do not interact with others during play

A

false

122
Q

when children interact with one another, engaging in similar activities and participating in groups

A

associative play

123
Q

a child acts out the drama of daily life or in which medical situations encountered are reenacted by the child

A

dramatic play

124
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

play and toys
- associative play is facilitated by simple games, puzzles, nursery rhymes, songs
- dramatic play is fostered by dolls and doll clothes, play houses and hospitals, dress-up clothes, puppers

a. infant to 1 year

b. 1 to 3 years

c. 3 to 6 years

d. 6 to 9 years

A

c. 3 to 6 years

125
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

play and toys
- stress is relieved by pens, paper, glue, scissors
- cognitive growth is fostered by educational television shows, music, stories, and books

a. infant to 1 year

b. 1 to 3 years

c. 3 to 6 years

d. 6 to 9 years

A

c. 3 to 6 years

126
Q

Match the milestone with the correct age group.

communication
- all parts of speech are developed and used, occasionally incorrectly
- communicates with a widening array of people
- play with other children is a favorite activity

a. infant to 1 year

b. 1 to 3 years

c. 3 to 6 years

d. 6 to 9 years

A

c. 3 to 6 years

NUR240 - Pediatrics (4 decks)

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