Chapter 8: Health Promotion and Maintenance for the Toddler and Preschooler Flashcards
T/F
Growth is a primary way of evaluating the child’s nutritional status.
true
The sense of one’s body position and movement.
kinesthesia
By what year of age should the child have made a first visit to the dentist?
by 1 year of age
By what age should the toddler have a full set of 20 primary teeth?
by age 2
Primary set of 20 teeth that is complete by about 2 years of age and will be lost during childhood, beginning at about 6 years.
deciduous teeth
T/F
By the age of 6, young children have discontinued using pacifiers and thumb-sucking.
false; ages 2-4
Infant’s ability to maintain state and self-console (e.g., by sucking the fingers to stay calm instead of crying).
self-regulation
How many hours a night should a toddler sleep?
10-12 hours
How many hours of sleep should the preschooler get?
9 to 11 hours
Preschoolers need to begin developing relationships with other adults and children in order to adapt to the school setting at about _____ years of age.
5
What is the primary goal when establishing a relationship with the family in a healthcare setting?
a) To provide immediate medical treatment
b) To establish a partnership in the care of the child
c) To assess the family’s financial status
d) To determine the child’s educational needs
b) To establish a partnership in the care of the child
How should healthcare providers approach families who are new to the healthcare home?
a) By immediately starting medical procedures
b) By welcoming them warmly and expressing interest in them as individuals and parents
c) By instructing them on healthcare policies
d) By asking them to complete paperwork
b) By welcoming them warmly and expressing interest in them as individuals and parents
Rationale: Healthcare providers should approach families who are new to the healthcare home by welcoming them warmly and expressing interest in them as individuals and parents to establish positive rapport.
During a health supervision visit for a preschool child, what should be assessed?
a) The child’s social skills and motor activities
b) The child’s ability to solve math problems
c) The child’s reading skills
d) The child’s height and weight only
a) The child’s social skills and motor activities
What observations are made regarding parental discipline and interaction style during health supervision visits?
a) Whether the child follows complex instructions
b) If the parent responds to the child’s questions
c) The parent’s job status
d) The child’s favorite television show
b) If the parent responds to the child’s questions
Why is it important to observe if the child is alert and observant of the environment during health supervision visits?
a) To evaluate the child’s intelligence
b) To assess the child’s awareness and cognitive development
c) To determine the child’s favorite toys
d) To check if the child can recognize healthcare staff
b) To assess the child’s awareness and cognitive development
At what age is Body Mass Index (BMI) first calculated for a child?
a) At birth
b) At 6 months
c) At 1 year
d) At 2 years
d) At 2 years
What measurement is typically discontinued after the child reaches 2 years of age?
a) Weight
b) Length
c) Head circumference
d) Body Mass Index (BMI)
c) Head circumference
For a child under the 5th percentile for weight or BMI, which of the following actions should be taken?
a) Begin detailed recording of nutritional intake
b) Perform a detailed physical activity history
c) Monitor for infectious diseases
d) Assess cognitive development
a) Begin detailed recording of nutritional intake
Why are growth measurements crucial in evaluating a child’s health?
a) They help in diagnosing infectious diseases
b) They assess the child’s cognitive abilities
c) They provide clues about conditions such as endocrine, cardiac, or other disorders
d) They determine the child’s academic performance
c) They provide clues about conditions such as endocrine, cardiac, or other disorders
What approach should be taken when performing physical assessments on preschoolers?
a) Conduct intrusive procedures first
b) Ignore the child’s questions
c) Integrate techniques that make the examination playful and interactive
d) Avoid explaining the procedures to the child
c) Integrate techniques that make the examination playful and interactive
Why is good nutrition important during the toddler and preschool years?
a) It solely helps prevent tooth decay
b) It promotes normal growth patterns and prevents disorders such as anemia
c) It improves the child’s academic performance
d) It primarily focuses on reducing calorie intake
b) It promotes normal growth patterns and prevents disorders such as anemia
What should be the focus of questions for families with toddlers regarding nutrition?
a) The child’s academic performance
b) Introduction of foods and the child’s eating patterns
c) The family’s income level
d) The child’s physical activity
b) Introduction of foods and the child’s eating patterns
Rationale: For toddlers, questions should focus on the introduction of foods, the child’s eating patterns, and transition from breast or bottle to other liquids.
What should parents be encouraged to do when eating out to promote healthy nutrition for their children?
a) Order french fries and milkshakes regularly
b) Limit fast-food meals to no more than one or two weekly
c) Allow children to choose any food they want
d) Avoid eating out entirely
b) Limit fast-food meals to no more than one or two weekly
What health promotion concept encourages the consumption of five servings of fruits and vegetables daily?
a) “5 a week”
b) “5 a day”
c) “3 a day”
d) “2 a day”
b) “5 a day”
At what age do children typically gain more independence about food choices?
a) During infancy
b) During adolescence
c) During the toddler and preschool years
d) During adulthood
c) During the toddler and preschool years
What should parents be encouraged to find out when their child is in a childcare center?
a) The cost of childcare
b) The types of activities provided
c) The food provided for the child
d) The number of children in the center
c) The food provided for the child
What should be the focus of health maintenance activities related to nutrition for young children?
a) Disease and injury prevention
b) Academic success
c) Physical exercise
d) Financial budgeting
a) Disease and injury prevention
Rationale: Health maintenance activities related to nutrition for young children focus primarily on disease and injury prevention, such as ensuring safe feeding practices and limiting fruit juice intake to prevent dental caries and excessive caloric intake.
What is the minimum amount of unstructured physical activity recommended per day for toddlers and preschoolers by the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE)?
a) 30 minutes
b) 60 minutes
c) 90 minutes
d) 120 minutes
b) 60 minutes
During toddler years, what is the main emphasis for encouraging motor development?
a) Academic learning
b) Developing reading skills
c) Engaging in sedentary activities
d) Providing experiences that encourage further motor development
d) Providing experiences that encourage further motor development
Why are physical activities important for preschoolers, including those with developmental disabilities?
a) To reduce academic workload
b) To improve social media skills
c) To enhance coordination and balance
d) To limit physical exertion
c) To enhance coordination and balance
What recommendation is given to limit sedentary behavior in children, according to NASPE?
a) No more than 60 minutes of sedentary behavior at one time
b) No more than 45 minutes of sedentary behavior at one time
c) No more than 30 minutes of sedentary behavior at one time
d) No more than 90 minutes of sedentary behavior at one time
a) No more than 60 minutes of sedentary behavior at one time
What role does the nurse play in promoting physical activity during health supervision visits?
a) Solely instruct parents on academic improvement
b) Focus only on the child’s diet
c) Partner with parents in planning activities and setting guidelines
d) Avoid discussing physical activity
c) Partner with parents in planning activities and setting guidelines
Which health promotion teaching should be imparted to parents regarding the benefits of physical activity?
a) It primarily improves academic performance
b) It limits social interactions
c) It focuses solely on weight loss
d) It promotes a healthy immune and cardiovascular system
d) It promotes a healthy immune and cardiovascular system
Why should children not have television and computers in their bedrooms?
a) To improve their academic scores
b) To prevent disturbing their sleep and to encourage learning through play
c) To reduce energy consumption
d) To promote solitary play
b) To prevent disturbing their sleep and to encourage learning through play
What is an expected outcome of health promotion and supervision related to physical activity in young children?
a) Improved financial budgeting skills
b) Daily inclusion of at least 60 minutes of physical activity
c) Increased screen time
d) Enhanced academic performance
b) Daily inclusion of at least 60 minutes of physical activity
What is the definition of early childhood caries (ECC)?
a) One or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in a child aged 71 months or younger
b) Tooth decay that affects only primary teeth
c) Dental issues arising after the age of 6
d) Irreversible tooth damage in children aged 5 years or older
a) One or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in a child aged 71 months or younger
By what age should a child have made their first visit to the dentist?
a) 6 months
b) 1 year
c) 2 years
d) 3 years
b) 1 year
Why are the primary (deciduous) teeth important?
a) They are permanent and will not be lost
b) They help maintain space for permanent teeth
c) They do not require regular dental care
d) They do not influence eating habits or language development
b) They help maintain space for permanent teeth
At what age should pacifiers be gradually removed to prevent harm when permanent teeth begin erupting?
a) 6 months
b) 1 to 2 years
c) 3 to 4 years
d) 5 to 6 years
b) 1 to 2 years
What should parents do to help a child discontinue thumbsucking?
a) Punish the child for thumbsucking
b) Ignore the behavior
c) Praise the child for not sucking and find alternative sources of comfort
d) Encourage continued use until the child is older
c) Praise the child for not sucking and find alternative sources of comfort
What should be used for brushing children at moderate or high risk of dental caries?
a) Nonfluoridated toothpaste
b) Fluoridated toothpaste in a “smear” amount
c) Baking soda
d) Water only
b) Fluoridated toothpaste in a “smear” amount
What should the nurse evaluate when assessing a young child’s teeth?
a) Number and condition of the teeth
b) Tooth color only
c) Whether the child uses toothpaste
d) The child’s favorite foods
a) Number and condition of the teeth
When do the first of the deciduous teeth typically begin to be lost?
a) At the end of preschool
b) At the age of 3 years
c) During infancy
d) After the age of 8 years
a) At the end of preschool
What outcome is desired for oral health in young children?
a) Regular consumption of sweets
b) Lack of dental visits
c) Eruption of a normal set of deciduous teeth and regular dental care
d) Use of nonfluoridated toothpaste only
c) Eruption of a normal set of deciduous teeth and regular dental care
What is the primary role of the family in a young child’s mental health?
a. Providing academic education
b. Fostering a positive self-image
c. Encouraging competitive behavior
d. Teaching self-defense techniques
b. Fostering a positive self-image
Which observation is important when assessing a family’s influence on a child’s mental health?
a. Communication and interactions within the family
b. The family’s financial status
c. The child’s height and weight
d. The family’s medical history
a. Communication and interactions within the family
Which activities are associated with a child’s sense of self and mental status? (SATA)
a. Tooth brushing
b. Using crayons
c. Playing video games
d. Toilet training
e. Watching TV
a. Tooth brushing
b. Using crayons
d. Toilet training
How can parents help toddlers and preschoolers develop self-regulation?
a. Through the use of positive discipline techniques
b. By giving in to all their demands
c. By ignoring undesirable behaviors
d. By allowing them to make all decisions
a. Through the use of positive discipline techniques
What is the recommended amount of sleep for toddlers?
a. 6-8 hours per night
b. 8-10 hours per night
c. 10-12 hours per night with one or two naps
d. 12-14 hours per night without naps
c. 10-12 hours per night with one or two naps
Which objects are important for providing comfort and maintaining normal routines for toddlers during childcare experiences?
a. Educational toys
b. Interactive books
c. Electronic gadgets
d. Transitional objects such as blankets or toys
d. Transitional objects such as blankets or toys
What should parents do if a preschooler experiences nightmares?
a. Allow the child to sleep in the parental bed
b. Ignore the child until they fall back asleep
c. Reassure the child, provide comfort, and repeat a bedtime routine
d. Wake the child up and turn on the lights
c. Reassure the child, provide comfort, and repeat a bedtime routine
What is the main difference between nightmares and night terrors in preschoolers?
a. Nightmares occur during deep sleep, while night terrors occur during light sleep
b. Night terrors involve the child being fully awake, while nightmares do not
c. Night terrors involve tachycardia and tachypnea, while nightmares do not
d. Nightmares are associated with eating habits, while night terrors are not
c. Night terrors involve tachycardia and tachypnea, while nightmares do not
How should parents handle occasional bowel and bladder accidents in preschoolers?
a. By punishing the child
b. By restricting fluids
c. By ignoring the child
d. By treating accidents with understanding rather than blame
d. By treating accidents with understanding rather than blame
What role does the family’s spiritual orientation play in a young child’s development?
a. It has no influence on the child’s development
b. It enlarges the child’s microsystem influences to include that of the religious group
c. It restricts the child’s social interactions
d. It determines the child’s academic success
b. It enlarges the child’s microsystem influences to include that of the religious group
What is a key aspect of the microsystem for toddlers and preschoolers?
a. Family members
b. School environment
c. Community services
d. Social media
a. Family members
How can a nurse assess the impact of stress on a family?
a. By measuring the child’s height and weight
b. By inquiring about the family’s general well-being and any issues concerning siblings
c. By reviewing the family’s financial status
d. By assessing the family’s dietary habits
b. By inquiring about the family’s general well-being
Which factors are considered strengths in a family environment? (SATA)
a. Parents being proud of the child’s accomplishments
b. Family spending time together each day
c. Childcare center personnel and family members interacting regularly
d. Parents focusing solely on one child’s needs
e. Teen mother being estranged from her own family
a. Parents being proud of the child’s accomplishments
b. Family spending time together each day
c. Childcare center personnel and family members interacting regularly
Which of the following is a risk factor for a child’s mental health?
a. The family goes on regular vacations
b. The child has frequent playdates
c. The mother has been diagnosed with depression
d. The child sleeps through the night
c. The mother has been diagnosed with depression
What type of play is typical for toddlers?
a. Cooperative play
b. Parallel play
c. Structured play
d. Solitary play
b. Parallel play
How do preschoolers typically interact during play?
a. Independently without any interaction
b. In parallel play
c. In cooperative play involving activities and roles
d. By observing other children play
c. In cooperative play involving activities and roles
What language milestone is expected by the age of 3 years?
a. Saying a few words
b. Using two-word phrases
c. Stating three-word sentences
d. Recognizing letters and numbers
c. Stating three-word sentences
Which activities promote successful social skills in young children? (SATA)
a. Spending time away from parents
b. Developing relationships with other adults and children
c. Avoiding interactions with peers
d. Engaging in cooperative play e. Isolating themselves from social settings
a. Spending time away from parents
b. Developing relationships with other adults and children
d. Engaging in cooperative play e. Isolating
How should parents handle their child’s separation anxiety when leaving them in a secure setting?
a. Stay until the child falls asleep
b. Provide a favorite object and leave promptly
c. Allow the child to follow them out
d. Avoid saying goodbye
a. Stay until the child falls asleep
What are the expected outcomes of health promotion and maintenance activities for young children?
a. Improved academic performance
b. Enhanced social skills, temperament management, and language/communication skills
c. Increased physical strength
d. Reduction in screen time
b. Enhanced social skills, temperament management, and language/communication skills
How many upper respiratory infections do toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience annually?
a. 2-4
b. 4-6
c. 6-10
d. 10-12
c. 6-10
What is a key preventive measure to reduce the incidence of upper respiratory infections in young children?
a. Regular physical exercise
b. Good hygiene practices
c. Limiting outdoor activities
d. Increased fluid intake
b. Good hygiene practices
Which screenings should be included in health supervision visits for toddlers and preschoolers? (SATA)
a. Vision
b. Hearing
c. Blood pressure
d. Developmental milestones
e. Dental examination
a. Vision
b. Hearing
d. Developmental milestones
Why is it important to review and update immunization records at the end of the preschool period?
a. To ensure the child has no allergies
b. To administer any needed immunizations before school entry
c. To evaluate the child’s growth progress
d. To check for any genetic disorders
b. To administer any needed immunizations before school entry
What environmental factor should nurses inquire about to assess potential health risks for children?
a. The family’s dietary habits
b. The amount of physical activity
c. Exposure to lead in the home
d. The child’s academic performance
c. Exposure to lead in the home
What is a desired outcome for disease prevention strategies in young children?
a. Increased screen time
b. Prompt treatment of acute diseases
c. Avoidance of immunizations
d. Isolation from peers
b. Prompt treatment of acute diseases
Why are toddlers and preschoolers at particular risk for injuries?
a. They are more susceptible to illnesses
b. They have poor dietary habits
c. They have limited physical activity
d. They lack understanding of the presence of hazards
d. They lack understanding of the presence of hazards
What car safety recommendation should be reinforced for children under 4 years old?
a. Using a booster seat in the front seat
b. Using a forward-facing car seat in the front seat
c. Using a rear-facing car seat in the back seat
d. Allowing children to sit without a car seat
c. Using a rear-facing car seat in the back seat
What are common safety hazards for toddlers and preschoolers that should be directly addressed?
a. Falls
b. Drowning
c. Food allergies
d. Poisoning
e. Burns
a. Falls
b. Drowning
d. Poisoning
e. Burns
What is the recommendation for swimming lessons according to the AAP (2013)?
a. Swimming lessons are recommended for all children by age 4 years
b. Swimming lessons should be avoided for young children
c. Swimming lessons should start only after age 5
d. Swimming lessons are not necessary
a. Swimming lessons are recommended for all children by age 4 years
What is a key aspect of every health supervision visit for young children?
a) Focus solely on the child’s physical health
b) Address parental questions and concerns
c) Avoid involving the parents
d) Assess only the child’s nutritional status
b) Address parental questions and concerns
Why is developmental surveillance important at every healthcare visit for young children?
a) To screen for developmental delays and provide anticipatory guidance
b) To monitor only physical growth
c) To assess the child’s academic performance
d) To evaluate the child’s dietary habits
a) To screen for developmental delays and provide anticipatory guidance
At what ages should standardized developmental screening occur?
a) 9, 18, and 24 to 30 months
b) 6, 12, and 18 months
c) 1, 2, and 3 years
d) 4, 5, and 6 years
a) 9, 18, and 24 to 30 months
Which nursing diagnosis might be established for a toddler or preschooler with sunburn?
a) Anxiety related to change of environment
b) Knowledge, Readiness for Enhanced, related to parental desire for safety information
c) Skin Integrity, Impaired, related to hyperthermia
d) Development: Delayed, Risk for, related to lead exposure
c) Skin Integrity, Impaired, related to hyperthermia
What type of concerns do parents commonly want addressed during health supervision visits for their young children?
a) Financial concerns
b) Academic concerns
c) Developmental concerns
d) Nutritional concerns only
c) Developmental concerns
Why are parents considered partners in the care of the child during health supervision visits?
a) They provide financial support
b) Their observations are invaluable in the assessment process
c) They are responsible for diagnosing conditions
d) They conduct the physical examination
b) Their observations are invaluable in the assessment process
*What should be explained during height and weight measurements?
a) The child’s future academic potential
b) The significance of the measurements and their relation to dietary intake and family food patterns
c) The cost of medical care
d) The child’s physical exercise routine
b) The significance of the measurements and their relation to dietary intake and family food patterns
What should the examination of toddlers and preschoolers include?
a) Academic achievements
b) Only nutritional assessment
c) All areas on the American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric Health Care
d) Only oral health examination
c) All areas on the American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric Health Care
Why are opportunities for daily active periods necessary for young children?
a) To enhance academic performance
b) For healthy growth
c) To reduce screen time
d) For financial planning
b) For healthy growth
What are administered to prevent infectious diseases during healthcare visits for toddlers and preschoolers?
a) Antibiotics
b) Immunizations
c) Nutritional supplements
d) Physical exercises
b) Immunizations
