Chapter 8: Health Promotion and Maintenance for the Toddler and Preschooler

Question 1

T/F

Growth is a primary way of evaluating the child’s nutritional status.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

The sense of one’s body position and movement.

Answer 2

kinesthesia

Question 3

By what year of age should the child have made a first visit to the dentist?

Answer 3

by 1 year of age

Question 4

By what age should the toddler have a full set of 20 primary teeth?

Answer 4

by age 2

Question 5

Primary set of 20 teeth that is complete by about 2 years of age and will be lost during childhood, beginning at about 6 years.

Answer 5

deciduous teeth

Question 6

T/F

By the age of 6, young children have discontinued using pacifiers and thumb-sucking.

Answer 6

false; ages 2-4

Question 7

Infant’s ability to maintain state and self-console (e.g., by sucking the fingers to stay calm instead of crying).

Answer 7

self-regulation

Question 8

How many hours a night should a toddler sleep?

Answer 8

10-12 hours

Question 9

How many hours of sleep should the preschooler get?

Answer 9

9 to 11 hours

Question 10

Preschoolers need to begin developing relationships with other adults and children in order to adapt to the school setting at about _____ years of age.

Answer 10

5

Question 11

What is the primary goal when establishing a relationship with the family in a healthcare setting?

a) To provide immediate medical treatment

b) To establish a partnership in the care of the child

c) To assess the family’s financial status

d) To determine the child’s educational needs

Answer 11

b) To establish a partnership in the care of the child

Question 12

How should healthcare providers approach families who are new to the healthcare home?

a) By immediately starting medical procedures

b) By welcoming them warmly and expressing interest in them as individuals and parents

c) By instructing them on healthcare policies

d) By asking them to complete paperwork

Answer 12

b) By welcoming them warmly and expressing interest in them as individuals and parents

Rationale: Healthcare providers should approach families who are new to the healthcare home by welcoming them warmly and expressing interest in them as individuals and parents to establish positive rapport.

Question 13

During a health supervision visit for a preschool child, what should be assessed?

a) The child’s social skills and motor activities
b) The child’s ability to solve math problems
c) The child’s reading skills
d) The child’s height and weight only

Answer 13

a) The child’s social skills and motor activities

Question 14

What observations are made regarding parental discipline and interaction style during health supervision visits?

a) Whether the child follows complex instructions
b) If the parent responds to the child’s questions
c) The parent’s job status
d) The child’s favorite television show

Answer 14

b) If the parent responds to the child’s questions

Question 15

Why is it important to observe if the child is alert and observant of the environment during health supervision visits?

a) To evaluate the child’s intelligence

b) To assess the child’s awareness and cognitive development

c) To determine the child’s favorite toys

d) To check if the child can recognize healthcare staff

Answer 15

b) To assess the child’s awareness and cognitive development

Question 16

At what age is Body Mass Index (BMI) first calculated for a child?

a) At birth
b) At 6 months
c) At 1 year
d) At 2 years

Answer 16

d) At 2 years

Question 17

What measurement is typically discontinued after the child reaches 2 years of age?

a) Weight

b) Length

c) Head circumference

d) Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 17

c) Head circumference

Question 18

For a child under the 5th percentile for weight or BMI, which of the following actions should be taken?

a) Begin detailed recording of nutritional intake

b) Perform a detailed physical activity history

c) Monitor for infectious diseases

d) Assess cognitive development

Answer 18

a) Begin detailed recording of nutritional intake

Question 19

Why are growth measurements crucial in evaluating a child’s health?

a) They help in diagnosing infectious diseases

b) They assess the child’s cognitive abilities

c) They provide clues about conditions such as endocrine, cardiac, or other disorders

d) They determine the child’s academic performance

Answer 19

c) They provide clues about conditions such as endocrine, cardiac, or other disorders

Question 20

What approach should be taken when performing physical assessments on preschoolers?

a) Conduct intrusive procedures first

b) Ignore the child’s questions

c) Integrate techniques that make the examination playful and interactive

d) Avoid explaining the procedures to the child

Answer 20

c) Integrate techniques that make the examination playful and interactive

Question 21

Why is good nutrition important during the toddler and preschool years?

a) It solely helps prevent tooth decay

b) It promotes normal growth patterns and prevents disorders such as anemia

c) It improves the child’s academic performance

d) It primarily focuses on reducing calorie intake

Answer 21

b) It promotes normal growth patterns and prevents disorders such as anemia

Question 22

What should be the focus of questions for families with toddlers regarding nutrition?

a) The child’s academic performance

b) Introduction of foods and the child’s eating patterns

c) The family’s income level

d) The child’s physical activity

Answer 22

b) Introduction of foods and the child’s eating patterns

Rationale: For toddlers, questions should focus on the introduction of foods, the child’s eating patterns, and transition from breast or bottle to other liquids.

Question 23

What should parents be encouraged to do when eating out to promote healthy nutrition for their children?

a) Order french fries and milkshakes regularly

b) Limit fast-food meals to no more than one or two weekly

c) Allow children to choose any food they want

d) Avoid eating out entirely

Answer 23

b) Limit fast-food meals to no more than one or two weekly

Question 24

What health promotion concept encourages the consumption of five servings of fruits and vegetables daily?

a) “5 a week”
b) “5 a day”
c) “3 a day”
d) “2 a day”

Answer 24

b) “5 a day”

Question 25

At what age do children typically gain more independence about food choices? a) During infancy b) During adolescence c) During the toddler and preschool years d) During adulthood

Answer 25

c) During the toddler and preschool years

Question 26

What should parents be encouraged to find out when their child is in a childcare center? a) The cost of childcare b) The types of activities provided c) The food provided for the child d) The number of children in the center

Answer 26

c) The food provided for the child

Question 27

What should be the focus of health maintenance activities related to nutrition for young children? a) Disease and injury prevention b) Academic success c) Physical exercise d) Financial budgeting

Answer 27

a) Disease and injury prevention Rationale: Health maintenance activities related to nutrition for young children focus primarily on disease and injury prevention, such as ensuring safe feeding practices and limiting fruit juice intake to prevent dental caries and excessive caloric intake.

Question 28

What is the minimum amount of unstructured physical activity recommended per day for toddlers and preschoolers by the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE)? a) 30 minutes b) 60 minutes c) 90 minutes d) 120 minutes

Answer 28

b) 60 minutes

Question 29

During toddler years, what is the main emphasis for encouraging motor development? a) Academic learning b) Developing reading skills c) Engaging in sedentary activities d) Providing experiences that encourage further motor development

Answer 29

d) Providing experiences that encourage further motor development

Question 30

Why are physical activities important for preschoolers, including those with developmental disabilities? a) To reduce academic workload b) To improve social media skills c) To enhance coordination and balance d) To limit physical exertion

Answer 30

c) To enhance coordination and balance

Question 31

What recommendation is given to limit sedentary behavior in children, according to NASPE? a) No more than 60 minutes of sedentary behavior at one time b) No more than 45 minutes of sedentary behavior at one time c) No more than 30 minutes of sedentary behavior at one time d) No more than 90 minutes of sedentary behavior at one time

Answer 31

a) No more than 60 minutes of sedentary behavior at one time

Question 32

What role does the nurse play in promoting physical activity during health supervision visits? a) Solely instruct parents on academic improvement b) Focus only on the child’s diet c) Partner with parents in planning activities and setting guidelines d) Avoid discussing physical activity

Answer 32

c) Partner with parents in planning activities and setting guidelines

Question 33

Which health promotion teaching should be imparted to parents regarding the benefits of physical activity? a) It primarily improves academic performance b) It limits social interactions c) It focuses solely on weight loss d) It promotes a healthy immune and cardiovascular system

Answer 33

d) It promotes a healthy immune and cardiovascular system

Question 34

Why should children not have television and computers in their bedrooms? a) To improve their academic scores b) To prevent disturbing their sleep and to encourage learning through play c) To reduce energy consumption d) To promote solitary play

Answer 34

b) To prevent disturbing their sleep and to encourage learning through play

Question 35

What is an expected outcome of health promotion and supervision related to physical activity in young children? a) Improved financial budgeting skills b) Daily inclusion of at least 60 minutes of physical activity c) Increased screen time d) Enhanced academic performance

Answer 35

b) Daily inclusion of at least 60 minutes of physical activity

Question 36

What is the definition of early childhood caries (ECC)? a) One or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in a child aged 71 months or younger b) Tooth decay that affects only primary teeth c) Dental issues arising after the age of 6 d) Irreversible tooth damage in children aged 5 years or older

Answer 36

a) One or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in a child aged 71 months or younger

Question 37

By what age should a child have made their first visit to the dentist? a) 6 months b) 1 year c) 2 years d) 3 years

Answer 37

b) 1 year

Question 38

Why are the primary (deciduous) teeth important? a) They are permanent and will not be lost b) They help maintain space for permanent teeth c) They do not require regular dental care d) They do not influence eating habits or language development

Answer 38

b) They help maintain space for permanent teeth

Question 39

At what age should pacifiers be gradually removed to prevent harm when permanent teeth begin erupting? a) 6 months b) 1 to 2 years c) 3 to 4 years d) 5 to 6 years

Answer 39

b) 1 to 2 years

Question 40

What should parents do to help a child discontinue thumbsucking? a) Punish the child for thumbsucking b) Ignore the behavior c) Praise the child for not sucking and find alternative sources of comfort d) Encourage continued use until the child is older

Answer 40

c) Praise the child for not sucking and find alternative sources of comfort

Question 41

What should be used for brushing children at moderate or high risk of dental caries? a) Nonfluoridated toothpaste b) Fluoridated toothpaste in a "smear" amount c) Baking soda d) Water only

Answer 41

b) Fluoridated toothpaste in a "smear" amount

Question 42

What should the nurse evaluate when assessing a young child's teeth? a) Number and condition of the teeth b) Tooth color only c) Whether the child uses toothpaste d) The child's favorite foods

Answer 42

a) Number and condition of the teeth

Question 43

When do the first of the deciduous teeth typically begin to be lost? a) At the end of preschool b) At the age of 3 years c) During infancy d) After the age of 8 years

Answer 43

a) At the end of preschool

Question 44

What outcome is desired for oral health in young children? a) Regular consumption of sweets b) Lack of dental visits c) Eruption of a normal set of deciduous teeth and regular dental care d) Use of nonfluoridated toothpaste only

Answer 44

c) Eruption of a normal set of deciduous teeth and regular dental care

Question 45

What is the primary role of the family in a young child's mental health? a. Providing academic education b. Fostering a positive self-image c. Encouraging competitive behavior d. Teaching self-defense techniques

Answer 45

b. Fostering a positive self-image

Question 46

Which observation is important when assessing a family's influence on a child's mental health? a. Communication and interactions within the family b. The family's financial status c. The child's height and weight d. The family's medical history

Answer 46

a. Communication and interactions within the family

Question 47

Which activities are associated with a child's sense of self and mental status? (SATA) a. Tooth brushing b. Using crayons c. Playing video games d. Toilet training e. Watching TV

Answer 47

a. Tooth brushing b. Using crayons d. Toilet training

Question 48

How can parents help toddlers and preschoolers develop self-regulation? a. Through the use of positive discipline techniques b. By giving in to all their demands c. By ignoring undesirable behaviors d. By allowing them to make all decisions

Answer 48

a. Through the use of positive discipline techniques

Question 49

What is the recommended amount of sleep for toddlers? a. 6-8 hours per night b. 8-10 hours per night c. 10-12 hours per night with one or two naps d. 12-14 hours per night without naps

Answer 49

c. 10-12 hours per night with one or two naps

Question 50

Which objects are important for providing comfort and maintaining normal routines for toddlers during childcare experiences? a. Educational toys b. Interactive books c. Electronic gadgets d. Transitional objects such as blankets or toys

Answer 50

d. Transitional objects such as blankets or toys

Question 51

What should parents do if a preschooler experiences nightmares? a. Allow the child to sleep in the parental bed b. Ignore the child until they fall back asleep c. Reassure the child, provide comfort, and repeat a bedtime routine d. Wake the child up and turn on the lights

Answer 51

c. Reassure the child, provide comfort, and repeat a bedtime routine

Question 52

What is the main difference between nightmares and night terrors in preschoolers? a. Nightmares occur during deep sleep, while night terrors occur during light sleep b. Night terrors involve the child being fully awake, while nightmares do not c. Night terrors involve tachycardia and tachypnea, while nightmares do not d. Nightmares are associated with eating habits, while night terrors are not

Answer 52

c. Night terrors involve tachycardia and tachypnea, while nightmares do not

Question 53

How should parents handle occasional bowel and bladder accidents in preschoolers? a. By punishing the child b. By restricting fluids c. By ignoring the child d. By treating accidents with understanding rather than blame

Answer 53

d. By treating accidents with understanding rather than blame

Question 54

What role does the family's spiritual orientation play in a young child's development? a. It has no influence on the child's development b. It enlarges the child's microsystem influences to include that of the religious group c. It restricts the child's social interactions d. It determines the child's academic success

Answer 54

b. It enlarges the child's microsystem influences to include that of the religious group

Question 55

What is a key aspect of the microsystem for toddlers and preschoolers? a. Family members b. School environment c. Community services d. Social media

Answer 55

a. Family members

Question 56

How can a nurse assess the impact of stress on a family? a. By measuring the child's height and weight b. By inquiring about the family's general well-being and any issues concerning siblings c. By reviewing the family's financial status d. By assessing the family's dietary habits

Answer 56

b. By inquiring about the family's general well-being

Question 57

Which factors are considered strengths in a family environment? (SATA) a. Parents being proud of the child's accomplishments b. Family spending time together each day c. Childcare center personnel and family members interacting regularly d. Parents focusing solely on one child’s needs e. Teen mother being estranged from her own family

Answer 57

a. Parents being proud of the child's accomplishments b. Family spending time together each day c. Childcare center personnel and family members interacting regularly

Question 58

Which of the following is a risk factor for a child's mental health? a. The family goes on regular vacations b. The child has frequent playdates c. The mother has been diagnosed with depression d. The child sleeps through the night

Answer 58

c. The mother has been diagnosed with depression

Question 59

What type of play is typical for toddlers? a. Cooperative play b. Parallel play c. Structured play d. Solitary play

Answer 59

b. Parallel play

Question 60

How do preschoolers typically interact during play? a. Independently without any interaction b. In parallel play c. In cooperative play involving activities and roles d. By observing other children play

Answer 60

c. In cooperative play involving activities and roles

Question 61

What language milestone is expected by the age of 3 years? a. Saying a few words b. Using two-word phrases c. Stating three-word sentences d. Recognizing letters and numbers

Answer 61

c. Stating three-word sentences

Question 62

Which activities promote successful social skills in young children? (SATA) a. Spending time away from parents b. Developing relationships with other adults and children c. Avoiding interactions with peers d. Engaging in cooperative play e. Isolating themselves from social settings

Answer 62

a. Spending time away from parents b. Developing relationships with other adults and children d. Engaging in cooperative play e. Isolating

Question 63

How should parents handle their child's separation anxiety when leaving them in a secure setting? a. Stay until the child falls asleep b. Provide a favorite object and leave promptly c. Allow the child to follow them out d. Avoid saying goodbye

Answer 63

a. Stay until the child falls asleep

Question 64

What are the expected outcomes of health promotion and maintenance activities for young children? a. Improved academic performance b. Enhanced social skills, temperament management, and language/communication skills c. Increased physical strength d. Reduction in screen time

Answer 64

b. Enhanced social skills, temperament management, and language/communication skills

Question 65

How many upper respiratory infections do toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience annually? a. 2-4 b. 4-6 c. 6-10 d. 10-12

Answer 65

c. 6-10

Question 66

What is a key preventive measure to reduce the incidence of upper respiratory infections in young children? a. Regular physical exercise b. Good hygiene practices c. Limiting outdoor activities d. Increased fluid intake

Answer 66

b. Good hygiene practices

Question 67

Which screenings should be included in health supervision visits for toddlers and preschoolers? (SATA) a. Vision b. Hearing c. Blood pressure d. Developmental milestones e. Dental examination

Answer 67

a. Vision b. Hearing d. Developmental milestones

Question 68

Why is it important to review and update immunization records at the end of the preschool period? a. To ensure the child has no allergies b. To administer any needed immunizations before school entry c. To evaluate the child's growth progress d. To check for any genetic disorders

Answer 68

b. To administer any needed immunizations before school entry

Question 69

What environmental factor should nurses inquire about to assess potential health risks for children? a. The family's dietary habits b. The amount of physical activity c. Exposure to lead in the home d. The child's academic performance

Answer 69

c. Exposure to lead in the home

Question 70

What is a desired outcome for disease prevention strategies in young children? a. Increased screen time b. Prompt treatment of acute diseases c. Avoidance of immunizations d. Isolation from peers

Answer 70

b. Prompt treatment of acute diseases

Question 71

Why are toddlers and preschoolers at particular risk for injuries? a. They are more susceptible to illnesses b. They have poor dietary habits c. They have limited physical activity d. They lack understanding of the presence of hazards

Answer 71

d. They lack understanding of the presence of hazards

Question 72

What car safety recommendation should be reinforced for children under 4 years old? a. Using a booster seat in the front seat b. Using a forward-facing car seat in the front seat c. Using a rear-facing car seat in the back seat d. Allowing children to sit without a car seat

Answer 72

c. Using a rear-facing car seat in the back seat

Question 73

What are common safety hazards for toddlers and preschoolers that should be directly addressed? a. Falls b. Drowning c. Food allergies d. Poisoning e. Burns

Answer 73

a. Falls b. Drowning d. Poisoning e. Burns

Question 74

What is the recommendation for swimming lessons according to the AAP (2013)? a. Swimming lessons are recommended for all children by age 4 years b. Swimming lessons should be avoided for young children c. Swimming lessons should start only after age 5 d. Swimming lessons are not necessary

Answer 74

a. Swimming lessons are recommended for all children by age 4 years

Question 75

What is a key aspect of every health supervision visit for young children? a) Focus solely on the child's physical health b) Address parental questions and concerns c) Avoid involving the parents d) Assess only the child's nutritional status

Answer 75

b) Address parental questions and concerns

Question 76

Why is developmental surveillance important at every healthcare visit for young children? a) To screen for developmental delays and provide anticipatory guidance b) To monitor only physical growth c) To assess the child's academic performance d) To evaluate the child's dietary habits

Answer 76

a) To screen for developmental delays and provide anticipatory guidance

Question 77

At what ages should standardized developmental screening occur? a) 9, 18, and 24 to 30 months b) 6, 12, and 18 months c) 1, 2, and 3 years d) 4, 5, and 6 years

Answer 77

a) 9, 18, and 24 to 30 months

Question 78

Which nursing diagnosis might be established for a toddler or preschooler with sunburn? a) Anxiety related to change of environment b) Knowledge, Readiness for Enhanced, related to parental desire for safety information c) Skin Integrity, Impaired, related to hyperthermia d) Development: Delayed, Risk for, related to lead exposure

Answer 78

c) Skin Integrity, Impaired, related to hyperthermia

Question 79

What type of concerns do parents commonly want addressed during health supervision visits for their young children? a) Financial concerns b) Academic concerns c) Developmental concerns d) Nutritional concerns only

Answer 79

c) Developmental concerns

Question 80

Why are parents considered partners in the care of the child during health supervision visits? a) They provide financial support b) Their observations are invaluable in the assessment process c) They are responsible for diagnosing conditions d) They conduct the physical examination

Answer 80

b) Their observations are invaluable in the assessment process

Question 81

*What should be explained during height and weight measurements? a) The child’s future academic potential b) The significance of the measurements and their relation to dietary intake and family food patterns c) The cost of medical care d) The child's physical exercise routine

Answer 81

b) The significance of the measurements and their relation to dietary intake and family food patterns

Question 82

What should the examination of toddlers and preschoolers include? a) Academic achievements b) Only nutritional assessment c) All areas on the American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric Health Care d) Only oral health examination

Answer 82

c) All areas on the American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric Health Care

Question 83

Why are opportunities for daily active periods necessary for young children? a) To enhance academic performance b) For healthy growth c) To reduce screen time d) For financial planning

Answer 83

b) For healthy growth

Question 84

What are administered to prevent infectious diseases during healthcare visits for toddlers and preschoolers? a) Antibiotics b) Immunizations c) Nutritional supplements d) Physical exercises

Answer 84

b) Immunizations