Quinolones

Question 1

What is sourse?

Answer 1

Synthestic

Question 2

Chemically ?

Answer 2

derivatives of adouble ringed hetrocyclic nucleus known as quonoline

Question 3

Mode of action?

Answer 3

Act by inhibition of the enzyme DNA gyrase leading to blocking of DNA replication of sensitive bacteria

Question 3

Mode of action?

Answer 3

Act by inhibition of the enzyme DNA gyrase leading to blocking of DNA replication of sensitive bacteria

Question 4

What is first clinincally used quinolone ?

Answer 4

Nalidixic acid

Question 5

Chemically have 6 fluoro ?

Answer 5

Yes to increase specturm , stability of drug

Question 6

Secnd name of DNA gyrase ?

Answer 6

Topoisomerase ll in (-)

Topoisomerase lV in(+)

Question 7

Spectrum ?

Answer 7

With exception of nalidix acid ,which is active only against gram negative bacilli , other quinolones have broad spectrum

Question 8

Spectrum including ?

Answer 8

Esheria coli 
Salmonella ssp 
Shigella
Enterobacter
Campylobacter
Neisseria ssp
Pseudomonas aurigenosa 
Enterococci
Pneumococci
Staphyllococci

Question 9

Pharmacokinetics?

Answer 9

Well absorbed orally and widely distributed in body tissues , peak serum concentration is reached within 1- 3 hours . can pass BBB metabolized in liver , most are excreted urinary

Question 10

What is therapeutic uses ?

Answer 10

1 urinary tract infections ( UTI)
2 prostatitis cased by sensitive bacteria
3sexully transmitted diseases ( syphillis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis )
4 gastrointestinal and abdominal infections
5 respiratory tract infections
6 bone joint and soft tissue infection

Question 11

Adverse effects ?

Answer 11

Mild effects including , nausea , abdominal discomfort , headache , dizziness and rashes
- interact Ca , antiacids
× in children , lactation

Question 12

Name same quinolones ?

Answer 12

Nitrofurantoin
Nalidixic acid
Norfloxacin
Ciprofloxacin

Question 13

Dose of nitrofurantoin ( furadantin ) ?

Answer 13

50-100 mg ( with meals and at bedtime ) for 7-14 days

Question 14

Dose of nalidixic acid ( wintomylon )?

Answer 14

Used only for UTI

500 mg every 6 hour for at least one week

Question 15

Dose of norfloxacin ( anquin ) ?

Answer 15

400mg every 12 hors for 5 days

Question 16

Dose of ciprofloxacin ?

Answer 16

250-500 mg every 12 hours for 5 days , for gonorrhea asingle dose of 500 mg is sufficient . effective in treatment of typhoid fever (500 mg every 12 hours for 10 days )

Question 17

Dose of ciprofloxacin ?

Answer 17

250-500 mg every 12 hours for 5 days , for gonorrhea asingle dose of 500 mg is sufficient . effective in treatment of typhoid fever (500 mg every 12 hours for 10 days )