Cephalosporins

Question 1

What is type of antibiotic ?

Answer 1

B-lactam

Question 2

Sourse?

Answer 2

Natural

Question 3

Obtained from ?

Answer 3

Cephalosrium acremonium

Sardiniam fungus

Question 4

Chemical?

Answer 4

All cephalosprins contain the B-lactam ring 7- amino cephalos poranic acid

Question 5

Pharmacokinetiics ?

Answer 5

Have good oral absorption cephalexin,cephradine ,cefaclor , cefadroxil , cefixime ,cefureoxime , so are usually administered by oral route . two cephalosporins are administered only intravenoualy (IV) because intramuscular injection is painful, these are cephatothin and cephapirin . others can be administered either intramuscularly or intravenoualy. Distribution is rapid ,metabolism is hepatic . excretion is mainly by kidneys . cephalosporin which penetrate BBB include cefureoxime, cefotaxime , ceftiloxime

Question 6

Cephalosporins having good oral absorption ?

Answer 6

Cephalexin 
Cephradine 
Cefaclor 
Cefadroxil 
Cefixime 
Cefuroxime

Question 7

Two cephalosporins are administered only intravenoualy (IV) ?

Answer 7

Cephatothin

Cephapirin

Question 8

Why tow cephalosporins are administered only intravenoualy?

Answer 8

Because intramuscular injection is painful

Question 9

Cephalosporins which penetrate BBB include ?

Answer 9

Cefuroxime
Cefotaxime
Ceftiloxime

Question 10

Spectrum

Answer 10

Broad spectrum 
( meke pp)
Moraxella catarrhalis 
E.coli 
Klebsella ssp
Enterobacteriaceae 
Proteus mirabilis 
Pscudomonas aeruginosa

Question 11

Therapentic uses ?

Answer 11

(Up ubrn )
Upper and lower respiratory tract infections 
Post operative prophylaxis 
Urinary tract infections 
Bacterial meningitis 
Resistant pneumonia 
Neisseria gonorrhea

Question 12

Neisseria gonorrhea

Answer 12

Injectable cefuroxime

Question 13

Common use

Answer 13

Cephalexin
Cephradine
Cefuroxime
Cefaclor 
Cefatoxime

Question 14

What is either name of cephalexin

Answer 14

Keflex- Ceporex

Question 15

Cephalexin

Answer 15

Broad spectrum enable use for respiratory infections and renal infections specifically

Question 16

Cephalexin dose

Answer 16

250-500mg 6hourly for at leasr 4days .

Question 17

anther name of cephradine

Answer 17

Velosef

Question 18

Cephradine

Answer 18

Used generally for sensitive systemic infections

Question 19

Dose of cephradine

Answer 19

250-500mg 6 hourly for at least4 days

Question 20

anther name of cefuroxime

Answer 20

Zinacef

Question 21

Cefuroxime

Answer 21

Used generally for gonococcal infections, septicemias and post operatively

Question 22

Dose of cefuroxime

Answer 22

1-3 gram 8 hourly for 3 days administered intravenoualy

Question 23

anther name of cefaclor

Answer 23

Cector

Question 24

Cefaclor

Answer 24

Used for all systemic infections especially urinary tract infections. Can be administered orally or parentrally

Question 25

Dose of cefaclor

Answer 25

1gram every 8 hourly for 3 days at least

Question 26

anther name of cefatoxime

Answer 26

Claforan

Question 27

Cefatoxime

Answer 27

Broad spectrum cephalosporin , but is commonly used for bacterial meningitis because it crosses BBB efficiently

Question 28

Dose of cefatoxime

Answer 28

Intravenoualy 2 gram every 4 to 8 hours

Question 29

Adverse reactions ?

Answer 29

1 hypersensitivity reactions is the most common side effect , is identical to hypersensitivity caused by penicillins ( urticaria , bronchospasm , anaohylaxis) cephalosporins show cross sensitivity with penicillins
2 nephrotoxicity cephalosporins in high doses are nephroxic . severity of nephrotoxicity diifferent type
3 diarrhea is caused by cephalosporins in some patients