Quickfire anatomy Flashcards
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis and Teres Minor
What does the axillary nerve supply?
Motor: Deltoid, teres minor
Sensory: Regimental badge
What is the spinal nerve innervation of axillary nerve?
C5, C6
What does the radial nerve supply?
Posterior arm and posterior forearm
What is the spinal nerve innervation of radial nerve?
C5 - T1
What does the posterior interosseous nerve supply?
Motor to posterior forearm
What does the superficial radial nerve supply?
Cutaneous only to dorsum of hand
What does musculocutaneous nerve supply?
Anterior compartment of the arm
What is the spinal nerve innervation of musculocutaneous nerve?
C5 - C7
What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply?
cutaneous only to anterolateral surface of forearm
What does the median nerve supply?
Forearm: all anterior compartment except 1.5 (FCU and 1/2 FDP)
Hand:
-sensory to lateral aspect of palm and and lateral three and a half fingers on palmar surface
-motor to thenar eminence and lumbricals 1 & 2
What is the spinal nerve innervation of the median nerve?
C5 - T1
What does the ulnar nerve supply?
Forearm: FCU and 1/2 FDP
Hand: All intrinsic muscles except thenar eminence and lumbricals 1 & 2
What is the spinal nerve innervation of ulnar nerve?
C8 and T1
What are some symptoms of ulnar nerve lesion?
Guttering of hand, unusual limb position, Klumpke’s paralysis
What are the muscles in the most superficial layer of anterior compartment of the forearm?
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
What muscle is in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
What muscles are in the deepest layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
What are the muscles in the superficial layer of posterior compartment of forearm?
Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, anconeus
What are the muscles in the deep layer of posterior compartment of forearm?
Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis
Draw out the brachial plexus
…
What is the golden rule of anterior forearm innervation?
Everything is median nerve supplied EXCEPT 1.5 muscles:
-Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
-Ulnar half of Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) to fingers 4 & 5
What are the borders of the anatomical snuffbox?
Lateral border: abductor pollicis longus tendon and extensor pollicis brevis tendon
Medial border: extensor pollicis longus tendon
What passes through the anatomical snuffbox?
cephalic vein, radial artery, cutaneous branch of radial nerve
What passes through extensor tendon compartment 1 of the wrist?
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
What passes through extensor tendon compartment 2 of the wrist?
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
What passes through extensor tendon compartment 3 of the wrist?
-Extensor pollicis longus
What passes through extensor tendon compartment 4 of the wrist?
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor indicis
What passes through extensor tendon compartment 5 of the wrist?
-Extensor digit minimi
What passes through extensor tendon compartment 6 of the wrist?
-Extensor carpi ulnaris
What problem can happen with extensor wrist compartment 1?
Repetitive movements –> De Quervains tenosynovitis
“Mommy’s thumb”
What problem can happen with extensor wrist compartment 3?
EPL can wear on the dorsal radial tubercle and rupture
What problem can happen with extensor wrist compartment 6?
ECU can wear on the ulnar styloid process and rupture
What are the muscles of the anterior arm compartment?
BBC
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
Where is the biceps brachii, what does it do and what is it’s innervation?
Anterior arm
Flexes shoulder and elbow, supinates forearm
Musculocutaneous nerve
Where is coracobrachialis, what does it do and what is its innervation?
Anterior arm
Adducts arm
Musculocutaneous nerve
Where is brachialis, what does it do and what is its innervation?
Anterior arm
Flexes elbow
Musculocutaneous n. & radial n.
Where is triceps brachii, what does it do and what is its innervation?
Posterior arm
Shoulder and elbow extension
Radial nerve
What muscles cause pronation of the hand?
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
What muscles cause supination of the hand?
Supinator and biceps brachii
What can a fracture to the neck of the radius damage?
Posterior interosseous nerve
What are the borders of the anconeus triangle?
- Radial head
- Lateral epicondyle
- Olecranon
What nerve controls pronation?
Median nerve
What nerve controls supination?
Musculocutaneous n. and radial n.
What are the borders of the cubital fossa?
lateral border - brachioradialis
superior border - interepicondylar line
medial border - pronator teres
What covers the roof of the cubital fossa and what is the purpose of this?
Bicipital aponeurosis
Protects median nerve and brachial artery
What is found in the cubital fossa?
From lateral to medial = ‘TAN’ (Tendon, Artery, Nerve) Biceps Tendon Brachial Artery Median Nerve
What are the muscles of anterior compartment of the thigh?
QUADRICEPS
1) Rectus femoris
2) Vastus intermedius - lies under rectus femoris
3) Vastus lateralis
4) Vastus medialis
5) Sartorius
What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4)
What is the function of Sartorius?
Thigh abductor and lateral rotator. (Sartorius runs infero-medially)
What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
ADDUCTORS
1) Pectineus (Femoral nerve)
2) Adductor longus
3) Adductor magnus
4) Adductor brevis
5) Gracilis
What is the innervation of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Obturator nerve (L2, 3, 4) Except pectineus which is innervated by femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4)
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
HAMSTRINGS
1) Semimembranosus
2) Semitendinosus
3) Biceps femoris
What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Tibial part of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
What innervates the short head of biceps femoris?
Common fibular part of sciatic nerve
What is the blood supply to the anterior thigh compartment?
femoral artery
What is the blood supply to the medial thigh compartment?
obturator artery
What is the blood supply to the posterior thigh compartment?
Branches of deep femoral artery (profounda femoris)