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Locomotion > Joints and joint disease > Flashcards

Joints and joint disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of aggrecan in cartilage ECM?

A

Aggrecan is a proteoglycan and contains GAGs (glycosaminoglycans), which are hydrophomoc and so absorb water and help with shock absorbing and resisting compressive forces.

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2
Q

Does cartilage have a blood supply?

A

NOOO! It is avascular!

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3
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage and Elastic

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4
Q

What type of collagen fibres do hyaline cartilage contain?

A

Type II collagen fibres

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5
Q

What type of collagen fibres do fibrocartilage contain?

A

Type I collagen fibres

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6
Q

What type of collagen fibres do elastic cartilage contain?

A

Abundant elastic fibres interspersed with bundles of Type II collagen fibres

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7
Q

Where do chondrocytes lay in?

A

Lacuna - in the perichondrium

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8
Q

How do chondrocytes initiate cartilage growth and repair?

A

In perichondrium, differentiate into chondroblasts and secrete matrix

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9
Q

Is syndesmosis a fibrous or cartilaginous joint?

A

Fibrous

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10
Q

What type of arthritis is more common?

A

Osteoarthritis

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11
Q

What are osteophytes?

A

Outgrowths of bone

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12
Q

What are the radiographic changes seen in osteoarthritis?

A

Joint space narrowing
Subchondral cysts and sclerosis
Osteophytes
Malalignment

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13
Q

In osteoarthritis, when is joint stiff predominantly seen?

A

short-lived morning stiffness and post-inactivity stiffness

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14
Q

What nodes form at the distal interphalangeal joints?

A

Herberden’s nodes (Rheumatoid arthritis - has bouchard’s nodes) (B comes before H, so B nodes are more proximal)

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15
Q

What do monosodium urate crystals in the synovial fluid/around joint cause?

A

Gout - hyperuricaemia

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16
Q

What can happen as a result of hyperuricaemia?

A

Tophi

17
Q

Which disease has crystals are needle shaped and negatively birefringent under polarised light?

A

Gout

18
Q

What are the radiographic changes seen in gout?

A 
Joint effusion
'Punched out' bony erosions
Tophi
Soft tissue swelling
Joint space narrowing
19
Q

What medication (methods) can you use to manage gout?

A

NSAIDS (acute)
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor (dec uric acid synthesis)
Excretion of uric acid
(can’t use diurectics! - if patients are taking it, stop them)

20
Q

What general measures can you take to manage gout?

A

reduce alcohol intake
avoid purine-rich foods
loose weight
review medication - stop diuretics

21
Q

What happens when there are depositions of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals in articular and periarticular tissue?

A

Pseudogout

22
Q

What kind of crystals form in pseudogout?

A

Rhomboid shaped and positively birefringent.

Locomotion (26 decks)

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