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Locomotion > Pectoral Girdle, Shoulder, Arm > Flashcards

Pectoral Girdle, Shoulder, Arm Flashcards

1
Q

What passes through the intertubercular groove?

A

The tendon of the biceps

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2
Q

What can regional tenderness of inter tubercular groove indicate?

A

Biceps tendon inflammation

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3
Q

Where is the coracoid process palpable?

A

Palpable below the lateral third of the clavicle

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4
Q

What is superior to the spine of the scapula?

A

Supraspinous fossa where the supraspinatus muscle attaches

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5
Q

What is inferior to the spine of the scapula?

A

Infraspinous fossa where the infraspinatus muscle attaches

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6
Q

What is the inferior angle of the scapula useful for?

A

Auscultation triangle (for lungs) sits medially to the inferior angle

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7
Q

What spinous processes do the superior and inferior angles of the scapula mark?

A

T2-T7 spinous processes

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8
Q

What spinous process does the medial spine of scapula mark?

A

T3 spinous process

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9
Q

What is the medial border of the scapula of an abducted upper limb useful for?

A

Approximates the position of the oblique lung fissure

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10
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Synovial plane joint. Dislocation possible

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11
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket joint. Dislocation rare

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12
Q

Why must sternoclavicular joint injection/aspiration take place under ultrasound guidance?

A

Could pierce apex of lungs, cause pneumothorax

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13
Q

What can cause clavicle fracture?

A

FOOSH (fall onto an outstretched hand) or fall onto the lateral shoulder

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14
Q

What ligaments support the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Coracoclavicular ligaments (trapezoid and conoid)

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15
Q

What is the only joint between the upper limb and axial skeleton? and what is it supported by?

A

Sternoclavicular joint - it is supported by the costoclavicular ligament.

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16
Q

How can the coracoclavicular ligaments be torn?

A

Can be torn by AC joint dislocation

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17
Q

What does the coracoacromial ligament do?

A

Supports the shoulder joint superiorly

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18
Q

How can the coracoacromial ligament be damaged?

A

Can be ruptured by superiorly directed forces.

Can impinge supraspinatus/subacromial bursa

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19
Q

What is the order of frequency of fractures of the clavicle?

A

middle 1/3 > lateral 1/3 > medial 1/3

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20
Q

What can happen to the separated parts of the clavicle following a fracture?

A

The separated parts of the clavicle move in opposite directions due to muscle contraction and gravity

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21
Q

What structure is at risk if the surgical neck of humerus is fractured?

A

Axillary nerve

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22
Q

What structures are at risk in mid-shaft humerus fractures?

A

Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

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23
Q

Compare the glenoid fossa to the acetabulum

A

Glenoid fossa is a shallow socket (less surface area) which ensures wide range of movement but less stability

24
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

Fibrocartilage rim deepening glenoid fossa socket and stabilising joint.

25
What can happen with trauma to or overuse of glenoid labrum?
Tear injury - can produce a snapping sensation or pain on abduction or lateral rotation
26
What properties of the shoulder joint capsule mean it is more likely to dislocate?
The supporting tissues of the shoulder joint are relatively lax thus allowing a wide range of motion. The lower part of the joint capsule is lax and folded to permit free movement. Downward force applied to an abducted arm can dislocate the shoulder. ​
27
What are the glenohumeral ligaments?
There are three of them. They pass from the margins of the glenoid to the humerus and support the shoulder anteriorly
28
What does the trapezius do and what is it innervated by?
``` Elevates, retracts and depresses the scapula. Accessory nerve (CN XI) ```
29
What does the elevator scapulae do and what is it innervated by?
Elevates and rotates scapula. | Dorsal scapula nerve and C3, C4
30
What does latissimus dorsi do and what is it innervated by?
Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus; can raise the trunk to the arm eg. dips/climbing. Thoracodorsal nerve
31
What do rhomboid minor and rhomboid major do and what are they innervated by?
retract and fix position of scapula. | Dorsal scapula nerve
32
What does teres major do and what is it innervated by?
Adduction and medial rotation of humerus. | Lower sub scapular nerve
33
What are the borders of the triangle of auscultation?
Trapezius, rhomboid major and latissimus dorsi
34
What does pectoralis major do and what is it innervated by?
Adducts and medially rotates the should and acts as an accessory breathing muscle. Medial and lateral pectoral nerve
35
What are the attachment points of pectoralis major?
Attaches to clavicle, sternum and adjacent costal cartilages and the lateral side of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
36
What does pectoralis minor do and what is it innervated by?
Depresses and protracts the scapula. | Medial pectoral nerve
37
What are the attachment points of pectoralis minor?
Attaches to ribs 3-5 and the coracoid process
38
What does the deltoid do and what is it innervated by?
Deltoid can bring about all shoulder movements except adduction. Axillary nerve
39
What are the attachment points of the deltoid?
Attaches to lateral clavicle, acromion, scapula spine and humerus
40
What can damage axillary nerve?
1) Shoulder dislocation 2) surgical neck of humerus fracture 3) Intramuscular injection
41
In which direction does shoulder dislocation most commonly occur?
Anteriorly
42
What can happen if the axillary nerve is damaged?
1) Paralysis and wasting of deltoid and teres minor 2) Limb to hang limp by side 3) Loss of shoulder contour 4) Sensory loss over lateral shoulder (regimental badge region)
43
Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles. What can happen if there is injury?
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, subscapularis. | Injury causes pain on movement and possible shoulder instability
44
What are the borders of the axilla?
``` Ant = Anterior axillary fold & contents​ Post = Posterior axillary fold & contents​ Med = Serratus anterior and lateral thoracic wall​ Lat = Intertubercular groove​ ```
45
What are the contents of the axilla?
- Axillary artery - Distal parts of brachial plexus - Fat - Lymph nodes
46
Name the axillary lymph nodes
Humeral, Subscapular and Pectoral drain into Central which drains into Apical and then into Supraclavicular
47
What regions drain lymph to the axillary lymph nodes?
Arm, walls of thorax, breast and upper walls of abdomen
48
What is the posterior axillary fold formed from?
Latissimus dorsi and teres major
49
What is the anterior axillary fold formed from?
Pectoralis major and minor
50
What is the function of the anterior compartment of the arm and what is its innervation?
Flexors and supinators. Innervated by Musculocutaneous nerve and some radial nerve to brachialis
51
What is the function of the posterior compartment of the arm and what is its innervation?
Extensors innervated by radial nerve.
52
What does biceps brachii do?
Flexes the shoulder and elbow
53
What are the attachment points of the long head of biceps and short head of biceps?
Long head - From supraglenoid tubercle; tendon passes through intertubercular groove. Short head - From the coracoid process
54
What does the brachialis do and what is its innervation?
Flexes the elbow. Innervated by musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve
55
What does coracobrachialis do and what is its innervation?
Adducts the arm. Innervated by musculocutaneous nerve.
56
What travels through quadrangular space?
Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex arteries travel through here and around the surgical neck of humerus​
57
What travels through triangular interval and spiral groove?
Radial nerve and profunda artery travel through space and groove​

Locomotion (26 decks)

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