Quick Tract Facts Flashcards
A lesion to the right ALS causes deficits on what side of the body?
Left
A lesion of the ALS pathway at T3 will present symptoms at what level?
T5 (on the contralateral side)
What receptor is responsible for short and long term memory formation?
NMDA
During persistent vegitative state, the cortical neurons are decreased by how much in comparison to normal conditions?
A. 40 mV
B. 30 mV
C. 20 mV
D. 5 mV
30 mV
RAS and the intralaminer nucleus of the thalamus
RAS and the intralaminer nucleus of the thalamus
Parabrachial nuclei use the ventral pathway for activation anf arousal
Parabrachial nuclei use the ventral pathway for activation anf arousal
LMN lesions affect what side in relation to the lesion?
same side
ipsilateral
right right
left left
where do corticospinal tracts cross?
pyramidal decussation in lower medulla
in brown-sequard there can be UMN lesion signs that happen on the same side of the lesion, which would indicate what location?
injury at the spinal cord below the medulla
Posterior Spinocerebellar tract sends out ipsilateral axons from the lower limb
Posterior Spinocerebellar tract sends out ipsilateral axons from the lower limb
Contralateral Cortex
Ipsilateral Spine
Contralateral Cortex
Dentate, Globose and Embeliform send there efferents to which of the following locations?
A. contralateral red nucleus and ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus
B. contralateral red nucleus and ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus
C. contralateral red nucleus and ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus
contralateral red nucleus and ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus
Fastigial nuclei send efferents to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation
Fastigial nuclei send efferents to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation
Vestibular nuclei and reticular formatopm go to LMNs in the spinal cord and brainstem for balance and vestibulo-ocular regulation
Vestibular nuclei and reticular formatopm go to LMNs in the spinal cord and brainstem for balance and vestibulo-ocular regulation
Red nucleus is a midbrain structure for fine tuning movements, efferent axons form the rubrospinal tract
Red nucleus is a midbrain structure for fine tuning movements, efferent axons form the rubrospinal tract
Ventrolateral Nucleus of the Thalamus goes to the premotor cortex via Dentate for planning
Ventrolateral Nucleus of the Thalamus goes to the brain stem and motor cortex via embiliform and globose for execution of the plan
The cerebellum is a double crosser, and therefore lesions in the cerebellum will present IPSILATERALLY
The cerebellum is a double crosser, and therefore lesions in the cerebellum will present IPSILATERALLY
Treponema pallidum (aka syphilis) can damage the nerves needed for vergence causing the pupillary light reflex to be absent, HOWEVER the near reflex will still be intact
Treponema pallidum (aka syphilis) can damage the nerves needed for vergence causing the pupillary light reflex to be absent, HOWEVER the near reflex will still be intact
When performing the optokinetic tape test, the PT shows no OKN. Where might the lesion be?
A. pontine medulla
B. frontal lobe
C. parietal lobe
D. Interstitial nucleus of cajal
parietal lobe
- lesion in the parietal lobe STOPS the eye from completing smooth pursuit TOWARDs the side of the lesion
- loss of OKN indicates the PT CANNOT do smooth pursuit
Rods and cones constantly release glutamate. glutamate release is HIGHEST in the dark, why?
There is no stimulation by photons in the dark, and photon stimulation causes the cells to hyperpolarize and release less glutamate
V1 contouring is fun (contours and edges)
V2 deep goo (depth)
V3 weeee (motion)
V4 colour whore (color inputs)
V1 contouring is fun (contours and edges)
V2 deep goo (depth)
V3 weeee (motion)
V4 colour whore (color inputs)
Subdural hemotoma shows gradual signs of deteroriation
Subdural hemotoma shows gradual signs of deteroriation
(cresent shaped)
Epidural hematoma shows conciousness first byt quickly loses conciousness
Epidural hematoma shows conciousness first byt quickly loses conciousness
(lens)
Atrophy of mammillary bodies is seen in Korsakoff’s
Dope
What kind of cerebral anyeurism is generally associated with a subarachnoid hemorrage?
A. Berry
B. Berry
C. Berry
D. Berry
Berry
A classic feature of parkinson’s is tremor, shuffling gait, tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia
A classic feature of parkinson’s is tremor, shuffling gait, tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia
Athetosis is a slow writhing, snake-like movement that is seen in what neurodegenerative disorder?
A. Huntingtons
B. Huntingtons
C. Huntingtons
D. Huntingtons
Huntingtons
Difficulty swallowing
Seeing double
Slurred speech
=
Dysarthria, Diplopia, Dysphagia
These are all hallmarks of the occlusion of what artery?
Basilar A.
