Quick Tract Facts

Question 1

A lesion to the right ALS causes deficits on what side of the body?

Answer 1

Left

Question 2

A lesion of the ALS pathway at T3 will present symptoms at what level?

Answer 2

T5 (on the contralateral side)

Question 3

What receptor is responsible for short and long term memory formation?

Answer 3

NMDA

Question 4

During persistent vegitative state, the cortical neurons are decreased by how much in comparison to normal conditions?

A. 40 mV

B. 30 mV

C. 20 mV

D. 5 mV

Answer 4

30 mV

Question 5

RAS and the intralaminer nucleus of the thalamus

Answer 5

RAS and the intralaminer nucleus of the thalamus

Question 6

Parabrachial nuclei use the ventral pathway for activation anf arousal

Answer 6

Parabrachial nuclei use the ventral pathway for activation anf arousal

Question 7

LMN lesions affect what side in relation to the lesion?

Answer 7

same side

ipsilateral

right right

left left

Question 8

where do corticospinal tracts cross?

Answer 8

pyramidal decussation in lower medulla

Question 9

in brown-sequard there can be UMN lesion signs that happen on the same side of the lesion, which would indicate what location?

Answer 9

injury at the spinal cord below the medulla

Question 10

Posterior Spinocerebellar tract sends out ipsilateral axons from the lower limb

Answer 10

Posterior Spinocerebellar tract sends out ipsilateral axons from the lower limb

Question 11

Contralateral Cortex

Answer 11

Ipsilateral Spine

Contralateral Cortex

Question 12

Dentate, Globose and Embeliform send there efferents to which of the following locations?

A. contralateral red nucleus and ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus

B. contralateral red nucleus and ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus

C. contralateral red nucleus and ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus

Answer 12

contralateral red nucleus and ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus

Question 13

Fastigial nuclei send efferents to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation

Answer 13

Fastigial nuclei send efferents to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation

Question 14

Vestibular nuclei and reticular formatopm go to LMNs in the spinal cord and brainstem for balance and vestibulo-ocular regulation

Answer 14

Vestibular nuclei and reticular formatopm go to LMNs in the spinal cord and brainstem for balance and vestibulo-ocular regulation

Question 15

Red nucleus is a midbrain structure for fine tuning movements, efferent axons form the rubrospinal tract

Answer 15

Red nucleus is a midbrain structure for fine tuning movements, efferent axons form the rubrospinal tract

Question 16

Ventrolateral Nucleus of the Thalamus goes to the premotor cortex via Dentate for planning

Answer 16

Ventrolateral Nucleus of the Thalamus goes to the brain stem and motor cortex via embiliform and globose for execution of the plan

Question 17

The cerebellum is a double crosser, and therefore lesions in the cerebellum will present IPSILATERALLY

Answer 17

The cerebellum is a double crosser, and therefore lesions in the cerebellum will present IPSILATERALLY

Question 18

Treponema pallidum (aka syphilis) can damage the nerves needed for vergence causing the pupillary light reflex to be absent, HOWEVER the near reflex will still be intact

Answer 18

Treponema pallidum (aka syphilis) can damage the nerves needed for vergence causing the pupillary light reflex to be absent, HOWEVER the near reflex will still be intact

Question 19

When performing the optokinetic tape test, the PT shows no OKN. Where might the lesion be?

A. pontine medulla

B. frontal lobe

C. parietal lobe

D. Interstitial nucleus of cajal

Answer 19

parietal lobe

• lesion in the parietal lobe STOPS the eye from completing smooth pursuit TOWARDs the side of the lesion
• loss of OKN indicates the PT CANNOT do smooth pursuit

Question 20

Rods and cones constantly release glutamate. glutamate release is HIGHEST in the dark, why?

Answer 20

There is no stimulation by photons in the dark, and photon stimulation causes the cells to hyperpolarize and release less glutamate

Question 21

V1 contouring is fun (contours and edges)

V2 deep goo (depth)

V3 weeee (motion)

V4 colour whore (color inputs)

Answer 21

V1 contouring is fun (contours and edges)

V2 deep goo (depth)

V3 weeee (motion)

V4 colour whore (color inputs)

Question 22

Subdural hemotoma shows gradual signs of deteroriation

Answer 22

Subdural hemotoma shows gradual signs of deteroriation

(cresent shaped)

Question 23

Epidural hematoma shows conciousness first byt quickly loses conciousness

Answer 23

Epidural hematoma shows conciousness first byt quickly loses conciousness

(lens)

Question 24

Atrophy of mammillary bodies is seen in Korsakoff’s

Answer 24

Dope

Question 25

What kind of cerebral anyeurism is generally associated with a subarachnoid hemorrage?

A. Berry

B. Berry

C. Berry

D. Berry

Answer 25

Berry

Question 26

A classic feature of parkinson’s is tremor, shuffling gait, tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia

Answer 26

A classic feature of parkinson’s is tremor, shuffling gait, tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia

Question 27

Athetosis is a slow writhing, snake-like movement that is seen in what neurodegenerative disorder?

A. Huntingtons

B. Huntingtons

C. Huntingtons

D. Huntingtons

Answer 27

Huntingtons

Question 28

Difficulty swallowing

Seeing double

Slurred speech

=

Dysarthria, Diplopia, Dysphagia

These are all hallmarks of the occlusion of what artery?

Answer 28

Basilar A.