Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro-Endo Test 2 > Blood Supply, Hemorrhage, and Herniation > Flashcards

Blood Supply, Hemorrhage, and Herniation Flashcards

1
Q

The internal carotid a. is broken up into four parts based on location. Which of the following parts of the internal carotid a. is surrounded by the sympathetic plexus, CN III, CN IV, CN VI and CN V1?

A. Cervical Part

B. Petrous Part

C. Cavernous Part

D. Cerebral Part

A

Cavernous Part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The cervical portion of the vertebral A. travels through which of the follwoing?

A. Vertebral Foramen of C1-C7

B. Transverse Foramen of C1-7

C. Transverse Foramen of C1-6

D. Vertebral Foramen of C1-C6

A

Transverse Foramen of C1-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

There are 3 parts of the Vertebral A. which of the following portions perforates the dura and arachnoid mater and passes through the foramen magnum?

A. Cervical Part

B. Atlantic Part

C. Intercranial Part

A

Atlantic Part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

At which of the following strutures do the two vertebral arteries come unite to form the basilar A. ?

A. Open Medulla

B. Pons

C. Midbrain

D. Closed Medulla

A

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following correctly explains how Vertebral Basilar Insufficiency can occur? (select all that apply)

A. Occulusion of the subclavian A. proximal to where the vertebral A. comes off

B. Occlusion of the Subclavian A. distal to where the vertebral A. comes off

C. Extreme hyperextension of the head

D. Extreme head rotation (Bow-Hunters Syndrome)

A

C. Extreme hyperextension of the head

D. Extreme head rotation (Bow-Hunters Syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Subclavian Steel Syndrome is when the subclavian a. “steals” blood from the brain, and instead of supplying it, blood flow is shunted to the contralateral subclavian a.. Which of the following correctly expresses how this phenomenon occurs?

A. Occulusion of the subclavian A. proximal to where the vertebral A. comes off

B. Occlusion of the Subclavian A. distal to where the vertebral A. comes off

C. Extreme hyperextension of the head

D. Extreme head rotation (Bow-Hunters Syndrome)

A

Occulusion of the subclavian A. proximal to where the vertebral A. comes off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The arteries and nerves of the brain have certain relationships that have clinical significance. Formation of anyeursms or abberrent loops of arteries near the respective CNs can lead to cranial nerve pathologies. Which of the following arteries is found near CN II?

A. Superior Cerebellar A.

B. Posterior Cerebral A., Superior Cerebellar A., and Posterior COmmunicating A.

C. Internal Carotid A, Anterior Cerebral A., and Anterior Communicating A.

D. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

E. Labyrinthine A. (Internal Acoustic A.) and Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

A

Internal Carotid A, Anterior Cerebral A., and Anterior Communicating A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The arteries and nerves of the brain have certain relationships that have clinical significance. Formation of anyeursms or abberrent loops of arteries near the respective CNs can lead to cranial nerve pathologies. Which of the following arteries is found near CN III?

A. Superior Cerebellar A.

B. Posterior Cerebral A., Superior Cerebellar A., and Posterior COmmunicating A.

C. Internal Carotid A, Anterior Cerebral A., and Anterior Communicating A.

D. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

E. Labyrinthine A. (Internal Acoustic A.) and Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

A

Posterior Cerebral A., Superior Cerebellar A., and Posterior COmmunicating A.

CN III is sandwiched between these three arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The arteries and nerves of the brain have certain relationships that have clinical significance. Formation of anyeursms or abberrent loops of arteries near the respective CNs can lead to cranial nerve pathologies. Which of the following arteries is found near CN VI?

A. Superior Cerebellar A.

B. Posterior Cerebral A., Superior Cerebellar A., and Posterior COmmunicating A.

C. Internal Carotid A, Anterior Cerebral A., and Anterior Communicating A.

D. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

E. Labyrinthine A. (Internal Acoustic A.) and Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

A

Labyrinthine A. (Internal Acoustic A.) and Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

The Abducen’s N. is sandwiched between these arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The arteries and nerves of the brain have certain relationships that have clinical significance. Formation of anyeursms or abberrent loops of arteries near the respective CNs can lead to cranial nerve pathologies. Which of the following arteries is found near CN V?

A. Superior Cerebellar A.

B. Posterior Cerebral A., Superior Cerebellar A., and Posterior COmmunicating A.

C. Internal Carotid A, Anterior Cerebral A., and Anterior Communicating A.

D. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

E. Labyrinthine A. (Internal Acoustic A.) and Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

A

Superior Cerebellar A.

Formation of abberent loops in the Superior Cerebellar A. will lead to Trigeminal nerve issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The arteries and nerves of the brain have certain relationships that have clinical significance. Formation of anyeursms or abberrent loops of arteries near the respective CNs can lead to cranial nerve pathologies. Which of the following arteries is found near CN VII?

A. Superior Cerebellar A.

B. Posterior Cerebral A., Superior Cerebellar A., and Posterior COmmunicating A.

C. Internal Carotid A, Anterior Cerebral A., and Anterior Communicating A.

D. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

E. Labyrinthine A. (Internal Acoustic A.) and Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

A

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

abberent loops cause issues with the Facial N.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Anterior Spinal A. comes off the _________ to supply what two structures, the ________ and the _______

A

The Anterior Spinal A. comes off the vertebral A. to supply what two structures, the Spinal Cord and the Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A (PICA), and the Anterior Vertebral A. both come off the Vertebral A.. The PICA comes off laterally and gives off what artery?

What 2 structures does it supply?

A

Posterior Spinal A.

Spinal Cord and Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

All of the following arteries come directly off the Vertebral A. except?

A. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

B. Anterior Spinal A.

C. Posterior Spinal A.

D. None of the above come off directly

A

Posterior Spinal A.

comes off the PICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the following arteries gives off the Superior Cerebellar A. ?

A. Middle Cerebral A.

B. Basilar A.

C. Anterior Choroidal A.

D. Pontine arteries

E. Lenticulostriate arteries

A

Basilar A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What major artery comes directly off the ICA but is NOT part of the circle of willis?

A. Middle Cerebral A.

B. Basilar A.

C. Anterior Choroidal A.

D. Pontine arteries

E. Lenticulostriate arteries

A

Middle Cerebral A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Select all of the following arteries that are branches off the Middle Cerebral A.?

A. Superior Cerebellar A.

B. Basilar A.

C. Anterior Choroidal A.

D. Pontine arteries

E. Lenticulostriate arteries

A

Lenticulostriate arteries

Anterior Choroidal A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the following portions of the Middle Cerebreal A. gives off branches on the Insula?

A. M1

B. M2

C. M3

D. M4

A

M2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Border zones are the locations on the brain where the terminal branches of the Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Cerebral As go. These areas are incredibly vulnerable to damage.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The Anterior Cerebral A. is divided into 5 segments. Which of these segments is caudal to the corpus callosum?

A. A1

B. A2

C. A3

D. A4

E. A5

A

A5

ACA ends posterior to the corpus callosum

A5= Postcallosal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which of the following parts of the ACA goes from the ICA to anterior communicating A.?

A. A1

B. A2

C. A3

D. A4

E. A5

A

A1

A1= Precommunicating Segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which of the following parts of the ACA arches around the genu of corpus callosum and ends when the vessel makes a caudal turn?

A. A1

B. A2

C. A3

D. A4

E. A5

A

A3

A3= precallosal segment

23
Q

Which of the following segments of the ACA is superior to the corpus callosum?

A. A1

B. A2

C. A3

D. A4

E. A5

A

A4

A4= supracallosal segment

24
Q

Which of the following sefments goes from the anterior communicating A. to where rostrum and genu of the corpus callosum meet?

A. A1

B. A2

C. A3

D. A4

E. A5

A

A2

A2= infracallosal segment

25
Q

Which of the following segments of the MCA goes from the ICA to the bifurcation of the insula, and is also the portion responsible for giving off the LEnticulostriate As.?

A. M1

B. M2

C. M3

D. M4

A

M1

M1= sphenoidal or horizontal segment

26
Q

Which of the following segments of MCA goes from the circular sulcus of the insula to the external surface of the lateral fissure?

A. M1

B. M2

C. M3

D. M4

A

M3

M3= Opercular Segment

27
Q

What segment of the MCA will you find sitting on the cortex?

A

M4

Cortical segment

28
Q

THe Insular branches of the MCA are from what segment of the artery?

A

M2

29
Q

Anterior View of the Cerebral arteries

A

Look again

30
Q

Which of the following segments of the Posterior Cerebral A. goes from the basilar bifurcation to posterior communicating artery?

A. P1

B. P2

C. P3

D. P4

A

P1

31
Q

Which segment of the PCA goes from the posterior communicating artery to around the midbrain?

A. P1

B. P2

C. P3

D. P4

A

P2

32
Q

Which segment of the PCA is found within the quadrigeminal cistern where the superior and inferior colliculi are located? ?

A. P1

B. P2

C. P3

D. P4

A

P3

P3= quadrigeminal segment

33
Q

P4 of the PCA is called the cortical segment and is found in what cortex?

A

Cerebral crotex

34
Q

Which of the following arteries associated with the medulla supplies the medial aspect of the medulla?

A. Anterior Spinal A.

B. Posterior Spinal A.

C. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

D. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

A

Anterior Spinal A.

35
Q

Which of the following arteries associated with the medulla supplies the lateral aspect of the medulla?

A. Anterior Spinal A.

B. Posterior Spinal A.

C. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

D. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

A

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

36
Q

Which of the following arteries associated with the medulla supplies the dorsal aspect of the medulla?

A. Anterior Spinal A.

B. Posterior Spinal A.

C. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

D. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

A

Posterior Spinal A.

37
Q

Which of the following arteries associated with the medulla supplies the cochlear nucleus associated with CN VII?

A. Anterior Spinal A.

B. Posterior Spinal A.

C. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

D. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

A

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

38
Q

All arteries that supply the Pons branch off which of the following major As.?

A. Middle Cerebral A.

B. Anterior Cerebral A.

C. Posterior Cerebral A.

D. Vertebral A.

E. Basilar A.

A

Basilar A.

39
Q

Which of the following branches of the Basilar A. supplies the medial portion of the pons?

A. Long Circumferential Branches of Basilar A.

B. Short Circumferential Branches of Basilar A.

C. Paramedian Branches of Basilar A.

D. None of the above

A

Paramedian Branches of Basilar A.

40
Q

Which of the following branches of the Basilar A. supplies the more postero-lateral aspects of the pons?

A. Long Circumferential Branches of Basilar A.

B. Short Circumferential Branches of Basilar A.

C. Paramedian Branches of Basilar A.

D. None of the above

A

Long Circumferential Branches of Basilar A.

note: short circumferential is more anterolateral

41
Q

Eventually we will need to know what portions of the brain are supplied by a specific artery. Continue to look at the Blood Supply lecture for general information

A

Got it

42
Q

The CSF, veins, and arteries (circle of willis) are found in which of the following spaces?

A. Epidural

B. Subdural

C. Subarachnoid

D. Potential space between dura and arachnoid mater

A

Subarachnoid

43
Q

Intracerebral (Subpial) Hemorrages are bleeding within the brain substance. What is the source of this bleeding usually?

A. Anterior Cerebral A.

B. Posterior Cerebral A.

C. Middle Cerebral A.

D. Basilar A.

A

Middle Cerebral A.

44
Q

What is a general description of a herniation syndrome?

A

Herniation is the movement of brain tissue from an area of high pressure into an area of lower pressure caused when the CSF space is exhausted. This event is a result of increased intercranial pressure that’s caused by trauma, hemorrhage, tumors, infections, etc.

45
Q

The Supratentorial compartment is found above the tentorium and divided into right and left compartments by what structure?

What is the continuation of the supra and infratentorial compartments?

A

Falx Cerebri

Tentorial notch

46
Q

T/F: While herniation syndromes are characterized based on their own specific features, herniations may morph into another type as herniation are dynamic

A

True

47
Q

Which of the following herniations occurs when an expanded mass in the supratentorial compartment on one side forces the cingulate gyrus against or under the edge of the falx cerebri?

A. Subfalcine Herniation

B. Transtentorial Herniation

C. Uncal Herniation

D. Tonsillar Herniation

A

Subfalcine Herniation

48
Q

What portions of the brain are affected in subfalcine herniation?

What are some sympatoms associated with this herniation?

What aretery is most likely compromised in this herniation?

A

Frontal and Parietal Lobe

Initially silent symptoms due to no long tract or focal signs

Deficits in Lower Extremity somatosensory and primary motor

Anterior Cerebral A.

49
Q

Identify the hernitation being described. Presence of Decorticate and Decerebrate ridgidity where the entire body is rigid, and the lower extremities, trunk and neck, and upper extremities are extended. The upper brainstem, CN III, are compromised.

A. Subfalcine Herniation

B. Transtentorial Herniation

C. Uncal Herniation

D. Tonsillar Herniation

A

Transtentorial Herniation

50
Q

Where is the brain displaced in a transtentorial (central) herniation?

What arteries are often compressed?

A

Brain displaced downward toward the tentorial notch

Basilar A.

Posterior Cerebral A.

51
Q

A rapidly expanding mass located inthe temporal lobe may likely result in which of the following types of herniations?

A. Transtentorial

B. Subfalcine

C. Uncal

D. Tonsilar

A

Uncal Herniation

52
Q

What portions of the brain are extruded over the edge of the tentorium cerebelli through the tentorial notch in an Uncal Herniation?

What major structure is impinged when this herniation goes through the tentorial notch?

What are common deficits associated with the Uncal Herniation?

A

Uncus and Parahippocampal Gyrus

Midbrain

CN III palsy: occulomotor and motor deficits on the side of the herniation

53
Q

What is displaced in a Tonsillar Herniation?

What structures are compressed during tonsillar herniation?

A

Herniation of the cerebellar tonsils down through the foramen magnum

Medulla

Upper Cervical Spinal Cord

Neuro-Endo Test 2 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions