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Neuro-Endo Test 2 > Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

What structures make up the Striatum?

A

Caudate and Putamen

CuPS

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2
Q

What structures make up the Lenticular nucleus?

A

Putamen

Globus Pallidus

GuLP

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3
Q

What two structures are considered the Ventral Striatum?

A

Nucleus Accumbens

Olfactory Nucleus

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4
Q

Waht structure is considered the Ventral Palladium?

A

Substantia Innominata

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5
Q

What structures are considered the Striatal complex?

A. CAudate and putamen

B. Nucleus Accumbens, Olfactory Tubercle, CAudate nucleus, and Putamen

C. Globus Pallidus and Substantia Innominata

D. Nucleus Accumbens, Olfactory Tubercle, Globus Pallidus, and Substantia Innominata

A

Nucleus Accumbens, Olfactory Tubercle, CAudate nucleus, and Putamen

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6
Q

What structures are considered the Palladial complex?

A. CAudate and putamen

B. Nucleus Accumbens, Olfactory Tubercle, CAudate nucleus, and Putamen

C. Globus Pallidus and Substantia Innominata

D. Nucleus Accumbens, Olfactory Tubercle, Globus Pallidus, and Substantia Innominata

A

Globus Pallidus and Substantia Innominata

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7
Q

T/F: The Basal Ganglia is essentially an inhibitory circuit that allows for movement

A

True

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8
Q

What are the 3 input nuclei of the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate Nucleus

Putamen

Nucleus Accumbens

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9
Q

What are the 3 output nuclei of the basal ganglia?

A

Globus Pallidus

Ventral Pallidium (substantia innominata)

Substantia Nigra pars reticularis

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10
Q

The skeletal motor loop has a role in the control of facial, limb, and trunk musculature. What structures are involved from this circuit.

  1. cortex location
  2. input nuclei
  3. Output nuclei
  4. Thalamic nuclei
A
  1. Primary motor, premotor, supplementary motor
  2. Putamen
  3. Globus Pallidus Internus and Substantia Nigra reticularis
  4. Ventral Anterior and Ventral Lateral Thalamic nuclei
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11
Q

The oculomotor loop has a role in the control of eye movements What structures are involved from this circuit.

  1. cortex location
  2. input nuclei
  3. Output nuclei
  4. Thalamic nuclei
A
  1. Frontal eye field and supplementary eye field (posterior parietal and prefrontal)
  2. Caudate (body)
  3. Substantia Nigra pars reticularis and Globus Pallidus Internus
  4. Ventral Anterior and Medial Dorsal Thalamic nuclei
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12
Q

The associative loop has a role in cognition and executive behavioral function. What structures are involved from this circuit?

  1. cortex location
  2. input nuclei
  3. Output nuclei
  4. Thalamic nuclei
A
  1. Prefrontal and Premotor
  2. Caudate (head)
  3. Substantia Nigra pars reticularis and Globus Pallidis internus
  4. Ventral anterior and medial dorsal thalamic nuclei
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13
Q

The Limbic loop participates in the motivational regulation of behavior and in emotions. What structures are involved from this circuit?

  1. cortex location
  2. input nuclei
  3. Output nuclei
  4. Thalamic nuclei
A
  1. Anterior Cingulate Gyrus and Orbitofrontal cortex
  2. Ventral Striatum (nucleus accumbens and olfactory nucleus)
  3. Ventral Pallidum, GPi, SNr
  4. Ventral Anterior and Medial Dorsal THalamic Nuclei
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14
Q

All of the following parallel pathways go to the medial dorsal and ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, EXCEPT for which of the following? What thalamic nucleus does it go to?

A. Skeletal Motor Loop

B. Oculomotor Loop

C. Associative Loop

D. Limbic Loop

A

Skeletal Motor Loop

  • Ventral Anterior Thalamic Nuclei*
  • Ventral Lateral Thalamic Nuclei*
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15
Q

Involuntary, sustained muscle contracture of extensors and/or flexors of the hand. Which of the following diseases has been describe above? What is the most likely location of the lesion , or cause of this occurence?

A. Parkinson’s Disease

B. Huntington’s Disease

C. Ballismus

D. Chorea

E. Athetosis

F. Writer’s Cramp (Focal Dystonia)

A

Writer’s Cramp (Focal Dystonia)

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16
Q

Slow, writhin, continous movements that prevent the patient from keeping a body part in one position; “snake like writhing. Which of the following diseases has been describe above? What is the most likely location of the lesion , or cause of this occurence?

A. Parkinson’s Disease

B. Huntington’s Disease

C. Ballismus

D. Chorea

E. Athetosis

F. Writer’s Cramp (Focal Dystonia)

A

Athetosis

seen with dopamine blocking drugs or hypoischemic injury

17
Q

Spontaneous, rapid, jerky, arrythmic and involuntary movements, which are purposeless. Which of the following diseases has been describe above? What is the most likely location of the lesion , or cause of this occurence?

A. Parkinson’s Disease

B. Huntington’s Disease

C. Ballismus

D. Chorea

E. Athetosis

F. Writer’s Cramp (Focal Dystonia)

A

Chorea

18
Q

Flailing, flinging movement of the whole extremity. Which of the following diseases has been describe above? What is the most likely location of the lesion , or cause of this occurence?

A. Parkinson’s Disease

B. Huntington’s Disease

C. Ballismus

D. Chorea

E. Athetosis

F. Writer’s Cramp (Focal Dystonia)

A

Ballismus

lesion of the contralateral subthalamic nucleus

19
Q

Involuntary, jerky rapid movements, dementia, unsteady gait, slurred speech, irregular breathing, and trouble maintaining tongue protrusion.

Which of the following diseases has been describe above? What is the most likely location of the lesion , or cause of this occurence?

A. Parkinson’s Disease

B. Huntington’s Disease

C. Ballismus

D. Chorea

E. Athetosis

F. Writer’s Cramp (Focal Dystonia)

A

Huntington’s Disease

Degeneration of neurons in the striatum (caudate and putamen) causing decreased GABA release

20
Q

Tremor (pill-rolling), rigidity (resting tremor + rigidty), and bradykineasia

Which of the following diseases has been describe above? What is the most likely location of the lesion , or cause of this occurence?

A. Parkinson’s Disease

B. Huntington’s Disease

C. Ballismus

D. Chorea

E. Athetosis

F. Writer’s Cramp (Focal Dystonia)

A

Parkinson’s Disease

Degeneration of the Substantia Nigra affectign dopamine levels

Neuro-Endo Test 2 (27 decks)

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