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Neuro-Endo Test 2 > Motor Tracts > Flashcards

Motor Tracts Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following are lower motor neurons which directly innervate skeletal muscle, and cell body is found in spinal cord or brain stem?

A. Corticospinal Tracts

B. Corticobulbar tracts

C. Medial Lemniscal Tracts

D. Cranial Nerves

A

Cranial Nerves

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2
Q

The Corticospinal tract includes voluntary motor movement and can be divided into medial and lateral tracts.

What muscles are targeted by the Medial Corticospinal Tract?

What muscles are targeted by the Lateral Corticospinal Tract?

A

Medial Corticospinal: Postural and Axial muscles

LAteral Corticospinal: Limb muscles

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3
Q

Describe the General Pathway of the Direct Corticospinal Tract and be sure to indicate where it decussates

A

Cortex

Posterior Limb of Internal Capsule

Cerebral Peduncles (Midbrain)

Anterior Pons

Medullary Pyramids (decussation station)

Lateral column of the spinal cord

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4
Q

What cortex in the brain gives rise to the Corticospinal tract?

A

Primary motor cortex found in the Precentral Gyrus

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5
Q

T/F: More cortical area is needed if number of motor units in a muscle is high like in vocal cords, tongue, lips, fingers, and thymb

A

True

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6
Q

What is the vascular supply to the internal capsule?

A

Lenticularstriate As.

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7
Q

The tracts to the legs travel _______, while the tracts to the arms travel _______

A

The tracts to the legs travel laterally, while the tracts to the arms travel medial

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8
Q

What is the blood supply to the Anterior Pons?

A

Paramedian Basilar A.

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9
Q

What is the blood supply to the medullary pyramids?

A

Sulcal branches of the Anterior Spinal A.

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10
Q

Within the spinal cord, neurons targeting the leg are supplied by what artery?

Neurons targeting the arms are supplied by what artery?

A

Posterior Spinal A.

Sulcal Branches of Anterior Spinal A.

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11
Q

THe UMN of the Lateral Corticospinal Tract synapse with the lower motor neurons in the _________ of the spinal cord

A

Ventral Horn

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12
Q

The Medial Corticospinal Tract controls postural and axial muscles (neck, shoulders, trunk), the pathway is similar to the lateral corticospinal tract, but differs in what way?

A

Medial Corticospinal Tract fibers DON’T cross in the medulla and stay ipsilateral

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13
Q

The Corticobulbar Tract arises from the ventral portion of the 4th cortical area. It descends into the brain stem and influences muscles innervated by cranial nerves with motor nuclei. What are those cranial nerves?

A

5

7

9

10

11

12

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14
Q

What cranial nerve motor nuclei is found in the pons?

A

5 and 7

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15
Q

What cranial nerve motor nuclei are found in the rostral medulla?

A

9, 10, 12

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16
Q

What cranial nuclei are found in the spinal cord?

A

11

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17
Q

What is the general pathway of the corticobulbar (corticonuclear) tract?

A

Genu of Internal Capsule

Cerebral Peduncles

Anterior Pons

Medullary Pyramids (deccussation station)

Along the way it will stop at specific motor nucleus

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18
Q

Which of the following is true of CN V in terms of input from corticobulbar tract?

A. recieves bilateral input from the corticobulbar tract

B. receives contrlateral input from the corticobulbar tract

C. receives ipsilateral input from the corticobulbar tract

A

recieves bilateral input from corticobulbar tract

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19
Q

Which of the following is true of CN VII targeting areas of the forehead in terms of input from corticobulbar tract?

A. recieves bilateral input from the corticobulbar tract

B. receives contrlateral input from the corticobulbar tract

C. receives ipsilateral input from the corticobulbar tract

A

recieves bilateral input from the corticobulbar tract

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20
Q

Which of the following is true of CN VII targeting the lower face in terms of input from corticobulbar tract?

A. recieves bilateral input from the corticobulbar tract

B. receives contrlateral input from the corticobulbar tract

C. receives ipsilateral input from the corticobulbar tract

A

receives contrlateral input from the corticobulbar tract

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21
Q

Which of the following is true of CN IX and X from the nucleus ambiguus, in terms of input from corticobulbar tract?

A. recieves bilateral input from the corticobulbar tract

B. receives contrlateral input from the corticobulbar tract

C. receives ipsilateral input from the corticobulbar tract

A

receives contrlateral input from the corticobulbar tract

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22
Q

Which of the following is true of CN XI in terms of input from corticobulbar tract?

A. recieves bilateral input from the corticobulbar tract

B. receives contrlateral input from the corticobulbar tract

C. receives ipsilateral input from the corticobulbar tract

A

receives ipsilateral input from the corticobulbar tract

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23
Q

Within the spinal cord, where will you find the LMNs that correlate to axial muscles, limb muscles, extensors, or flexors?

A

Flexors: Posterior/Dorsal

Axial muscles: Medial

Extensors: Anterior/Ventral

Limb muscles: Lateral

  • Remeber: FLEA*
  • F*
  • L A*
  • E*
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24
Q

What is true of indirect pathways?

A. They decussate in the cerebellum

B. They are always active

C. They are all supplied by Posterior Spinal A.

D. Tonically activate antigravity and axial LMN

E. A and D

F. B and D

A

B and D

They are always active

Tonically activate antigravity and axial LMN

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25
Q

Indirect Medial UMN target Medial LMN. There are 4 Medial UMN tracts. What are they?

A

Tectospinal

Medial Reticulospinal

Lateral Vestibulospinal

Medial Vestibulospinal

26
Q

What are the two Lateral UMN tracts with indirect pathways?

A

Rubrospinal

Lateral Reticulospinal

27
Q

Direct Somatic Motor pathways go from the Cerebral Cortex to spinal cord and out to the muscles, while indirect pathways fo from the Cerebral Cortex to what location(s) before synapsing in the spinal cord?

A

Brain Stem

Basal Ganglia

Thalamus

Reticular Formation

Cerebellum

28
Q

Locate the following structures in the picture below?

Rubrospinal Tract

Lateral Corticospinal Tract

LAteral Reticulospinal Tract

A

A: Lateral Corticospinal Tract

B: Rubrospinal Tract

C: Lateral Reticulospinal Tract

29
Q

Where will the following tracts mostly be found within the spinal cord?

Tectospinal

Medial Vestibulospinal

Medial REticulospinal

Medial Corticospinal

LAteral Vestibulospinal

A

Anterior Funiculus

30
Q

Which of the following can be described as targeting ipsilateral LMNs that innervate postural muscles and limb extensors? Where does this tract originate?

A. Medial Vestibulospinal

B. Lateral Vestibulospinal

C. Rubrospinal

D. Medial (Pontine) Reticulospinal

E. Lateral (Medullary) Reticulospinal

A

Lateral Vestibulospinal

Lateral Vestibular Nucleus

31
Q

Which of the following can be described as innervating upper limb flexors? Where does this tract originate?

A. Medial Vestibulospinal

B. Lateral Vestibulospinal

C. Rubrospinal

D. Medial (Pontine) Reticulospinal

E. Lateral (Medullary) Reticulospinal

A

Rubrospinal

Red Nucleus

32
Q

Which of the following goes from cervical and thoracic levels innervating neck and shoulder muscles? Where does this tract originate?

A. Medial Vestibulospinal

B. Lateral Vestibulospinal

C. Rubrospinal

D. Medial (Pontine) Reticulospinal

E. Lateral (Medullary) Reticulospinal

A

Medial Vestibulospinal

Medial Vestibular Nuclei

33
Q

Which of the following fibers innervates ipsilateral postural muscles and limb extensors? Where does this tract originate?

A. Medial Vestibulospinal

B. Lateral Vestibulospinal

C. Rubrospinal

D. Medial (Pontine) Reticulospinal

E. Lateral (Medullary) Reticulospinal

A

Medial (Pontine) Reticulospinal

Pontine Reticular Formation to Spinal Cord

34
Q

Which of the following facilitates flexor motor neurons and inhibits extensor motor neurons? Where does this tract originate?

A. Medial Vestibulospinal

B. Lateral Vestibulospinal

C. Rubrospinal

D. Medial (Pontine) Reticulospinal

E. Lateral (Medullary) Reticulospinal

A

Lateral (Medullary) Reticulospinal

Medullary reticular formation

35
Q

Which of the following allows you to turn your neck/head and look at the sound you heard? Where does this tract originate?

A. Medial Vestibulospinal

B. Lateral Vestibulospinal

C. Rubrospinal

D. Tectospinal

E. Lateral (Medullary) Reticulospinal

A

Tectospinal

Superior Colliculus

36
Q

What descending motor pathway is responsible for fine motor control of hand, recruitment of motor neurons to increase force, and inhibition of postural reflexes?

A

Corticospinal tract

37
Q

What descending motor pathway controls muscles of the face, chewing, speech, and swallowing?

A

Corticobulbar

38
Q

What tract faciliatates upper limb flexors?

A

Rubrospinal Tract

39
Q

What tract facilitates extensors against gravity?

A

Lateral Vestibulospinal

40
Q

What tract helps coordinate head movements?

A

Medial Vestibulospinal

41
Q

What tract facilitates postural reflexes?

A

Medial )Pontine) Reticulospinal

42
Q

What tract inhibits spinal segmental reflexes, and is something you always want engaged?

A

LAteral (Medullary) Reticulospinal

43
Q

What tract coordinates of head with eye movements?

A

Tectospinal

44
Q

What symptoms do we observe with a lesion in lower motor neurons?

A

Flaccid Paralysis

Wasting/Atrophy (after a period of time)

Hyporeflexia

Hypotonia

Fasiculations (random contraction)

2 Hypos Fasculating Flaccid Waste

45
Q

Upper motor neuron syndrome is a combination of the loss of corticospinal tract (direct pathway) and the loss of regulation from the indirect brainstem motor control pathways. What are signs you see that relate to the loss of corticospinal tract?

A

Loss of strength and dexterity in distal extremities

Babinski sign

46
Q

Upper motor neuron syndrome is a combination of the loss of corticospinal tract (direct pathway) and the loss of regulation from the indirect brainstem motor control pathways. What are signs you see that relate to the loss of the indirect pathway?

A

Spasticity

Rigidity

Hyperreflexia with clonus

Xlasp-knife phenomenon at the end of PROM

47
Q

Where will lesions of the LMN present?

A. Ipsilateral at the same level of lesion

B. Contralateral at the same level of lesion

C. Bilateral at the same level of lesion

A

Ipsilateral at the same level of lesion

48
Q

Where will lesions of UMNs present when they are above the lower medulla?

A. Ipsilateral

B. Contralateral

C. Bilateral

A

Contralatearl

49
Q

Spinal cord lesions give UMN signs ______ the level of the lesion, while giving LMN signs ______ of the lesion

A

Spinal cord lesions give UMN signs below the level of the lesion, while giving LMN signs at the same level of the lesion

50
Q

Applying the quick and dirty rule of 5, list what happens with a lesion at each level?

C5:

C6:

C7:

C8:

T1:

A

C5: shoulder extension

C6: arm flexion

C7: arm extension

C8: wrist extensors

T1: hand grasps

51
Q

Applying the quick and dirty rule of 5, list what happens with a lesion at each level?

L2:

L3:

L4:

L5:

S1:

A

L2: hip flexion

L3: knee extension

L4: knee flexion

L5: ankle dorsiflexion

S1: ankle plantar flexion

52
Q

Lesions ABOVE the level of the red nucleus results in what type of posturing?

Describe what the posturing looks like?

A

Decorticate

  • thumb tucked under flexed fingers in fisted postion
  • pronated forearm
  • flexion at elbow
  • lower extremity in extension
  • feet inverted
53
Q

Lesions BELOW the red nucleus, but above the reticulospinal and vestibulospinal nuclei results in what type of posturing?

What is the presentation of this posturing?

A

Decerebrate Posture

  • upper extremity in pronation and extension
  • lower extremity in extension
54
Q

What is the type of positioning seen here?

A

Facial Droop

Decorticate

56
Q
A

Look at it again

57
Q

T/F: If you have a LMN problem, it will mask any other neuron problem

58
Q
A

Look at it again

59
Q
A

Interesting

60
Q
A

Look at it again

61
Q
A

Look at it again

Neuro-Endo Test 2 (27 decks)

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